What do scientists say regarding the existence of a multiverse? And what happens if two distinct universes are united through a portal? In this video, we explore the science behind Dr. Strange's multiverse.
Timecode
0:00 Opening
0:53 Marvel cinematic universe
1:40 Levels of multiverse
3:33 Cosmic fine-tuning
5:33 Multiverse of madness
6:26 Two caveats
8:42 Special announcement
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Script:
If you are a Marvel fan, this may be your most anticipated movie of the year. It may have far-reaching consequences for the future MCU films, and it is certainly worth seeing. And that's why the aim of this video isn't really about forecasting the story plots that will happen in the movie. Because doing so would be a violation of the cause and effect, a topic which we have already discussed in our previous time travel video.
Instead, this video is an exploration of Dr. Strange's multiverse and, more specifically, what it means to protect one reality, one universe. As portrayed in the trailer, or the Disney+ series "What if...?"
Having gotten that out of the way, let's get to the meat of this episode. What do scientists have to say regarding the existence of a multiverse? Is there any scientific reference to support this concept in real life?
According to physicist Max Tegmark, there are four different levels of multiverses. From thoughts that are generally accepted by prominent scientists, to even some outlandish speculations. We'll simply go over the first two of these levels today.
The Level I multiverse is the least contentious. This is based on the fundamental notion that space is infinite, reaching out in all directions indefinitely towards the horizon. The assumption is that, since our universe is so vast and gigantic, it must inevitably replicate itself at some point, in another space or time. It is possible that life may start in a galaxy far, far away from where we are. And that life will develop into beings who will live in a world similar to Earth.
If this is true, it would properly explain the presence of doppelgangers, or beings who are slightly different from each other. For instance, Tom Holland's Spider-Man may very well coexist with Andrew Garfield's and Toby Maguire's Spider-Men.
Unfortunately, I’m going to have to shatter a little bit of that sci-fi fantasy of yours. Dr. Tegmark concluded that if such a perfect pair of doppelgangers existed, they would be somewhere at a distance of 10^118 meters away from one another. It’s three times larger than our current observable universe.
Now we're heading to the Level II multiverse. An endless collection of various space-time dimensionalities.
The basic idea here is that, as the vacuum of space continues to expand, it permits various configurations of each physical constant to vary by a minuscule amount, in another set of universes. Perhaps just a tiny change in those constants would allow one specific universe to have a different set of governing physical laws? It’s analogous to a region of space where anti-gravity exists, kind of like when Dr. Strange was trapped in a psychedelic space.
We might wonder naively: "What's the worst that might happen if we modify the fundamental constants of our universe?”. Perhaps just a little alteration to its last digits.
Scientists use the power of supercomputers, to churn through intertwined equations. Potentially looking at the other sets of universes, and unraveling the deep mysteries of what these alternate universes would look like. Here’s a bigger picture of how that methodology works.
We have the universe's parameters as a starting point. These include things like the value of the cosmological constant, the gravitational constant, the mass of quarks, etc. Now, we add these rather peculiar numbers in each row, down to the last digit, and as a result, we have... the universe as we know it! The gravitational pull, quark mass, or even dark energy would be just right to allow our universe to exist.
However, if we put a vastly different value in each of those rows, the simulation indicates that the only thing that would emerge is... nothingness. Then we make another addition to our table, this time with something that is a little closer to our physical constants. So we copy these numbers, but adjust them somewhat, not by much. After a while, in the third possible universe, the same nothingness will arise in that possible reality.
In fact, if we simply copy and paste the same numbers from our universe and tweak one of the data points by a few percentage points... We will also get... nothing! You and I wouldn’t exist.
2 июн 2024
