We hope you enjoy the sixth and final episode (at least for now) of In Our Nature. We've had so much fun making this special documentary series, and we hope you enjoyed it too. We set out to make the best RU-vid nature documentary ever, and we're pretty proud of it. Let us know your favorite thing you learned from this series! And catch the full In Our Nature playlist here: ru-vid.com/group/PLsmqeqKj7M-r3lioCBH39wgdSk25qFdC3
I am glad that wooly mammoths , wooly rhinocerous and saber tooth tiger naturally went extint if they survived to present hunters would definitely hunt mammoths to extinction for their massive ivory and wooly rhinos for their horns and saber tooth cats for their long canines .given below are how many wild elephants, rhinos and lions exist today in africa. LIONS - 20,000🦁 RHINOS - 27,000🦏 ELEPHANTS - 500,000🐘 I only mentioned about main animals there are ton of animals out there who are in the edge of extinction. It is a tradegy that we humans spend billions of dollars on space to find extraterstrial life and billon of dollars on military and weapons(obviously to destroy life) without trying to protect gift of life we have here on earth. by the way joe your videos are great. keep rocking. joe i suggest you to do a video on conservation of life on earth. STAY SAFE EVERYBODY. 😊😀
Loved the video! Don’t you consider the 300+ mammoths found on traps in what is today Santa Lucía Mexico a proof that humans were mass hunting mega fauna? They have been pulling out more and more mammoth fossils while they’ve been digging up for the new airport.
I wish this series to get the deserved attention and traction which it should.. A lot of effort have gone into this and we can see it. Thank you for making this beautiful series.
It's up to us the viewers/fans to find new audience for this content. Better have friends watching this than whatever the new "reality" show nonsense on tv
Wow that last interaction is so important <a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="1240">20:40</a> "I could discover a new species today!" "You probably already did and you just didn't know it"
I can only imagine what that was like. I took my daughter to our local zoo a few weeks ago and they have a wide open African section with plains where you can see Elephants, Rhinos, and other animals. I’ve been around elephants before so I know how large they are, but they have one that was right under 18 feet tall from foot to top of the head. It made the others look like children. I have never seen one that size.
The tallest elephant recorded, Henry from Angola, was a little over 13 feet at the shoulder. (The famous Jumbo was also billed as 13 feet 1 inch - but PT Barnum was, shall we say, prone to exaggeration - and his skeleton puts estimates closer to 10' 7".) Recently, an elephant in Tanzania has been estimated as slightly larger than Henry, but his height has yet to be officially measured. These are shoulder heights; but, even so, no living elephant has a head-height of 18 feet - unless maybe with the head tilted way back and the height measured to the raised tusks or trunk. Nevertheless, you're right: a big cow elephant (African bush elephant) stands 8 or 8.5 feet tall. A big male nearly doubles that, and they're truly awe-inspiring to behold! EDIT: Correction; I thought the new big'un was in Kenya, rather than Tanzania. This has now been corrected in my comment.
Everyone as in children? This was clearly made for little kids; they were acting like complete goofballs. It's cringey as hell. JUST PROVIDE THE INFORMATION.
@@nahor88 its bit cringey but its very educational and informative about what is going on in this world! And they are nerds what you expect they are not stand up comedians you don't come here to hear jokes but they try to make it fun have some appreciation!!
its fine to be cringey as long as you are right, but the things they said like about coevolution being why africa and south asia still have a lot of their megafauna and how modern climate change compares to the changes at the end of the ice age are straight up lies.
Very entertaining and interesting, I felt like a kid watching PBS again. Many documentaries nowadays just don’t feel as fun to watch and learn anymore.
true. although now that I look at it, some of their info is not correct, for example them saying that modern climate change is faster than the climate changes during the ice age
@@KateeAngel human beings are damaging The ecosystem and climate change has been affecting species like the famous Chilean stag beetles nicknamed the Darwin Stag beetles these beetles have strange body and due to this they weren’t as famous as there now the stag beetles have famous because one arcade game and anime titled: Mushiking The King Of The Beetles and thus the beetle pouching has begun however after I watched the anime Mushiking Super Battle Movie I decided that my my personal effort is to save the stag beetles , as well as any rhinoceros beetles and stag beetles from extinction and thus change the beetle industry from pouching to conservation of the forests they live I did managed to find out what the Heracles beetles favorite tree is so at least that’s one beetle down a ton to go!!!!!!!! And yes the Dynasties Tytus rhinoceros beetles is endangered due to Emerald ash borer I need to do some research if it’s just Ash is what Dynasties Titus only eat and without the beetles many the insects will have a difficult time decomposing logs.
Im kinda sad they dont teach this stuff in school all these creatures look amazing atleast maybe a face up view would've been cool its grwat we got this series thos
@@obiomajronyekwere4469 I mean it should literally be in there. I had this stuff in my biology classes. Are you already finished with school? Do you pay attention in biology class?
At mine it was touched upon in history class instead of science. It was _in_ the textbook but the teachers didn't bother teaching it because they weren't in the exams.
Early humans probably targeted predators as well, whether intentionally killing them or fatally wounding them when defending a kill, or by targeting nuisance individuals.
that probably happened, but because of their being no evidence that humans ever did anything with the predators, it probably happened so rarely that it didnt even do anything to affect the population of the predators
@@lorisperfetto6021 a point, but you still usualy dont say deep time about something as puny as 50.000 years. Then i could call 400 years deep time as its a long time for me🤷🏻♂️
@@Makabert.Abylon yeah, it is true; but even by human standards 400 years isn't a lot. I do agree that 50,000 isn't deep time, but it is still before human civilization so...
50,000 years is more of a baseline. Further back then that megafauna are essentially ubiquitous, except for the brief periods after the End Permian and K-Pg extinctions, and on land in the period before the Permian
I'm literally crying 😭. Thank you for this amazing series, this makes me curious about that we human as a specie affected these vast and complex systems in a short span of time and what will be the future of these eco systems 100s of years from now. It's so sad that even with massive efforts most of these species gonna extinct in near future but we can't lose hope and respects to these scientists for their great contributions towards savings these vast ecosystems. Love you guys, already waiting for the next episode.
So what you're saying is that my current strategy of crying myself to sleep every night over the terrible catastrophe that is climate change's impact on the world, and the lack of significant change being made to try and prevent it *isn't* a valid response to the problem? Well then, where do I sign up?
I agree that they aren't exactly precise with what concrete actions you can pose, but I think that a good beginning would be self-aware about what is a desire and what is an actual need for you. Also, we're all gonna die
Being very emotional about this subject is only going to do more harm than good. The last thing we need is for people to think this is all just hysteria and mass delusion, which unfortunately a large chunk of them already do.
@@NorthCitySider Yes I can see how my clearly comical comment above is the lynch-pin that will convince people that climate change isn't real. Did you stop to think *at all* before you made this post?
I don't think that you are a poor guy. You are using RU-vid from atleast 8 years. Your DP picture quality is also pretty decent. That means it a midrange smartphone.
I would love to see your content with Turkish subtitles! Your topics are very interesting and I would like to make it possible for my students to watch it. I hope you guys see this comment and help me and my students stay curious. 🙌🙌
These things went extinct because they are surprisingly easy dinner for humans. Their size doesn't make them indestructible to a pack of intelligent humans but does give a lot more food.
I've let a lot of these videos play in the background while I go about my business, not really paying too much attention to the details, but this one got me to sit down and look at the screen. Really glad I did because that was all super cool!
I've had a similar discussion before, my friend was saying it was all because of human hunting, and I said then why is Africa the only place that still has large animals, yet humans have been there longer than anywhere else? Not saying we weren't a huge factor, but we can't be the only factor
they said it was because of coevolution with early hominds, but europe also had those early hominids at the same time yet most of the megafauna in europe still died out
I used to work there (I cleaned things in the fossil lab)... one thing we were constantly trying to get people to understand it that it was NOT like quicksand.... it was more like a glue trap, fairly shallow with animals stuck on top. The seeps would continue to seep and cover over it, but the semi-soft ground and bubbling would churn things (over long periods of time) so you actually don't get stratification. The pits are only pits today because they have been excavated and then the seeps re-filled the pits left by excavation. NOW, those are like quicksand, but they would not have been like that prior to excavation. We always told guests it was likely a combination of factors as far as the megafauna.
We kinda know with mammoths. Scientists modeled their deaths due to the end of the ice age, something that was possible as they had lived through the two previous ice ages. They also modeled the number of mammoth deaths from human hunting, based on archeological evidence. Either alone wouldn't have caused their extinction, but when you combine both - no more mammoths.
there were always population declines/collapses when the warm intervals came, and 14800 years ago there was a massive warming spike which caused huge megafaunal population decreases, then the younger dryas came and decimated that already low population, and then at 11600 theres another huge warming spike which fks the megafauna even more, humans were already in north america at least 24000 years ago possibly even older
She has her own RU-vid channel now! Only a few videos so far, but some excellent cicada content. And of course this entire In Our Nature miniseries. Hopefully PBS keeps picking her up for cool projects!
He’s talking about the big big megaphone are those are modern versions, search up giant short faced bear, extinct crocodiles could get to 50 feet long and if we want to start considering camels and bison, then we also have to consider stuff like a Clydesdale horse which they are big but not make mega fauna
Another subtle point on the potential interactions between human impact and other factors. If the climate was reducing the mega fauna numbers and humans were also hunting those animals, declining numbers might make settling in the next valley over more of an imperative for any peoples that made their living hunting those same animals than might be the case with more stable populations. So did human migration cause mega fauna numbers to drop, or did dropping numbers encourage humans to spread more quickly to keep finding game?
As another comment said, I wish these videos get the attention they deserve. The quality is really outstanding, this comment is my contribution to appease the algorithm
I am starting to miss the old format of the show which was far more concise, precise & to the point. Nowadays, it's more like a talk show that more often than not wanders off track from the actual topic, sometimes so much so that it starts to seem boring and confusing. Please bring back the original "It's Okay To Be Smart" - that would actually be a smart idea I guess.
You aren’t the only person that has noticed. They likely had trouble maintaining an older audience so they are trying to target children by constantly making jokes that only a 10 year old would laugh at. That and constantly referencing modern pop culture, things that have little to nothing to do with the subject matter. Views = $$$. It’s as simple as that. Can’t really blame them, it’s probably not even their choice. They are run by PBS and they want to keep the lights on. It’s similar to how the history channel started losing viewers so they shifted their target audience. Conspiracy theory’s and aliens appeal more to the average idiot. There are plenty of other channels that handle these subjects more seriously if that’s what you want. I don’t think they care about your opinion and even if they did, it’s likely out of their hands.
they had some good info, but the things they said like about coevolution being why africa and south asia still have a lot of their megafauna and how modern climate change compares to the changes at the end of the ice age are straight up lies
I think the ice age was a bit of an evolutionary trap for mammals. They were encouraged to get bigger, specialize for cold, and specialize to competing with other big fauna, most fauna had no choice but to grow bigger. Once the ice age started ending most fauna had been so ingrained in that niche that they couldn't adapt quickly enough, their size became a detriment instead of a benefit, and in general made them less adaptable. The ice age caused most decently sized fauna that were generalists to grow bigger and become specialists, once the climate took a turn these newly formed specialists couldn't adapt as quickly as the generalists who were often smaller. Thankfully humans are specialists at being generalists.
Not really though, the "ice age" was not actually one solid block of time where the climate was cold. For the last 2.58 million years there have been cold glacial periods and warm interglacial periods that oscillated back and forth for millions of years. At certain points New York State would be buried under hundreds of meters of ice, and at other times there would be crocodiles and hippos on the British isles (warmer than even today). Those large cold adapted animals moved north or south with changes in temperature over thousands of years, and most of them only went extinct this last time around after humans reached them. We are currently still in the ice age, and will be unless we warm the planet so thoroughly that both the Arctic and Antarctic melt completely.
@@EcologyEthologyEvolution just a thought. There was significantly more "ice" though, on average it was cooler. I'm not going to strongly defend my theory.
@@EcologyEthologyEvolution 74 out of 88 species of australian megafauna were extinct by around 85000 years ago, which is around 15000 years before the first humans went into australia, an the 14 species that were still there coexisted with humans for over 25,000 years and then suddenly went extinct right when there is increased aridity, which shows that climate can cause a lot of animal species to die out without humans. plus mammoths died out in europe around 10000 years ago which is the same time they died out in north america, and humans reached europe many tens of thousands of years before they reached north america
Hey guys give India some credit too, when it comes to Megafauna we have 4/5 Pantherine big cats (Tiger, Lion, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Elephant, Gaur (the largest Bovid alive), Water Buffalo, Yak, Multiple subspecies of Wolves (Indian, Tibetan and Himalayan Wolves all found in India), Rhino, we might not have Zebras migrating but there are Wild Asses, multiple Bear species like the Sloth Bear, Himalayan Black Bear, Himalayan Brown Bear and large reptiles like Gharial, Mugger and Salt Water Crocodile along with Giant Snakes like the Rock Python and King Cobra, Also feral populations of Camels who have probably been around in India since like the 1400s... Unfortunately we lost The Indian Cheetah in the last century in the 1950s. It's just sad that when people think of Lions they think of Africa, when it comes to bears it's usually Russia or North America and Saltwater crocodiles are associated mostly with Australia. You can find Cold Deserts, Hot deserts, Rain forests, Plains/Grasslands, Shrubby Woodlands all sorts of biomes and ecosystems here.
I think the Theory put forth by Sergey Zimov was for the most part correct. It was essentially a positive feed backloop. Basically with Reduced Megafauna Populaions came the changing of whatever environment they effected. Thus leading to reduced access to food, lowering the megafauna's ability to survive thus pushing it into the loop until complete extinction. This paints a pretty clear picture of large animals or animals in general having a positive effect on their surroundings.
but mammoths couldnt do anything about nearly their entire habitat being lost because of the interglacial that came 130,000 years ago, humans had large migrations into europe and the asia at that time because of the warming but they arent blamed for that collapse
@@RainbowFlowerCrow yep its that simple plus the insect food chain is very huge it could be as the second largest food chain the largest being the ocean becuse we haven't found all the animals yet
Apart from Africa, India is also another place where Megafauna still exist. Most Indian Megafauna survived the end of the ice age and thousands of years of human civilization, invasions and colonization. In fact, India had a greater diversity than Africa. While Africa has lions, leopards and cheetahs, India has lions, leopards, snow leopards, clouded leopards, tigers and with cheetah reintroduction planned. Likewise Africa has the white and black rhino and zebra as it's odd toed ungulantes, while India has it's Indian Rhino, and Wild Ass currently, though had both the Javan and Sumatran rhino as well as the Tapir before. Both India and Africa have wild dogs, wolfes, jackals and hyenas but India also has bears. Africa has the crocodile, India has that and Gharials. Africa has the Cape Buffalo. India has the water buffalo, swamp buffalo, Indian auroch (now zebu) and Indian bison called Gaur. India also has 2 camel species unlike 1 for Africa. And India likewise has lots of other herbivores like wild boars, deers, antelopes, wild goats, wild sheep, etc. Plus there are big birds like peacocks (both blue and green), hornbills, vultures, Indian bustard, and flamingos. So ya round about Megafauna diversity exist still in two places, the continent of Africa and the subcontinent of India. Though yes, it is important that I think India gets back it's other rhinos, tapir, hippos, ostriches, giraffe, and cheetahs with reintroduction plans. And also let horses roam free to have wild horses that used to live in India. The only Indian megafauna, that can't be brought back are Stegodonts, Straight tusked elephants (like Paleomaxodon), giant tortoise, Shivatherium, orangutan relatives (could be replaced by orangutans) and it's hippo (though replaceable with African hippo).
This stuff is what got me to be currently pursuing my degree in bio. Cause I want to understand the world around me in such an intimate way. And seeing this kind of stuff always continues to reignite that passion when the hardships of college blur my vision. Thank you for this. I'm not gonna lie, I got really emotional near the end cause envisioned myself in that chair... hearing those words.
I wonder if the tar pits would have any sort of fungal fossils to see. It would be interesting to see how those early pioneers of land and soil have hanged over time! Really enjoy this series keep up the great work!
Scientist: _"This is our single most important specimen. It contains the answer to everything. Because it's so fragile, we store it inside a special protective pill."_ Emily: * *nom* *
If you really think about it,… it’s not super crazy to believe that humans can travel from the tip of Alaska to the tip of Argentina if they had 1000 years to do it.
this channel has always been great but it's become absolutely awesome in the last year or two. mad props to you guys for kickin butt and takin' mega fauna names!
I still believe that some of the megafauna extinctions were caused at least partially by human hunting. It makes sense now that mammoths may have been having a hard time already, but I think we definitely are responsible for a few of those extinctions. Not the majority, but a few.
I'd love to hear more about how the climate changed at the end of the Pleistocene. Do we know about how it impacted ocean currents and things like wind patterns?
as for wind patterns im not sure, but ocean currents, yes. it also caused the largest mass extinction event in 5 million years, yet the people in the video say we are experiencing much quicker climate change now than we were at the end of the ice age
I am no expert on ecology... but i have a sense that you can't really preserve a habitat without the full cooperation of the native people of that area... so, I'd think the best way to ensure long term survival of endangered habitats is investing in the people that live there.
This kind of videos fascinates me more than any other kind of content nowadays... I feel like, in the next 30 years, we will experience some reality checks and bingos. For better or for worse.
It seems to me that each new video has less of an educational tone and more of an entertainment tone, which I see as rather detrimental to the quality. Hopefully it's just the series that was going on and now things will return to normal.
Everything is subject to feedback loops. If more people watch 'Entertaining' shows than 'Educational', then you will naturally see more 'Entertainment'. Don't blame the show, blame the watchers.
Depressing as the end of this video was, I absolutely loved this series and I learned so much good stuff. I hope you're able to do a second "season" of this series.
dam whats wrong with the end of the video, the climate change we are having right now is the smallest and slowest climate change that has happened in the entire holocene
@@semaj_5022 what you mean how. look at the greenland ice cores climate history of the last 15000 years, even the medieval warming period 1000 years ago made the earth more warm than now and made it warm quicker than what is happening now. i don’t get why the people in this video say that the current global warming is much faster than changes in the past, when that is a complete lie. if anything, the current warming shows that even though it is the smallest and slowest climate change in the entire holocene, a lot of people are still suffering from it, and for comparison the current global warming is around 1.3 degrees fahernheit since the start of the industrial revolution which started some time between 260-170 years ago. imagine what happened 11700 years ago were to happen now, when the earth warmed 18 degrees fahrenheit *in less than 10 years.*
I would say the closest thing left that North Americans have to the Pleistocene in terms of Megafauna would be Yellowstone, Alaska, and Northern Canada, and for South America the Amazon Rainforest.
Very good. Megafauna extinctions have been going on continuously since the beginning. Complexity in systems is one of my pet interests. The butterfly effect is real and it doesn't seem to take all that much to make huge changes. PS I just heard rather convincing evidence of humans in the Yukon 24,000 BP.
Very interesting! And today I learned a new term: BP = Before Present in history! And now I'm interested in learning about humans being in the Yukon 24,000 years ago!
what about the 250,000 year old mastodon pelvis that has a mastodon carved into it and also tools, which while tools cant be directly dated they were found in a 250,000 year old stratum layer in mexico
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What about the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis? This hypothesis would literally explain every single phenomenon during this period. Humans didn't change the climate, but an extraterrestrial impact sure would.
@@TheFlyfly It is, but I think we have good reasons to doubt the criticisms - see this amazing series of videos on the ENTIRE scientific literature on the YDIH for more detail on why than you probably want: ru-vid.com/group/PLftb0lOpSe9PvJhFKSueZV9Wrz4g1qRkr
@@couchgrouches7667 well, humans arrived in europe tens of thousands of years before they arrived in north america, yet mammoths in europe and north america still went widely extinct 10,000 years ago
I love this channel and I love this topic especially it's really interesting, but this series specifically seems really awkward to me. Like the information in this video could have been a 5 minute explanation. The uncomfortable zoom call style delivery doesn't sit right with me
I think (from my small knowledge of the world) that tiny creatures survive massive changes in their environment, better than large creatures. Take ants, Mice, Rats. They seem to survive anything. Koala bears... no hope.
Koalas seem like an evolution anomaly as to why they even survived this long, kinda like giant pandas. They eat something that is somewhat toxic to them and gives them little too no dietary energy needed for survival.
This educational channel deserves more subscribers. Not only they are Informing but they are also spreading the message that we should protect our environment
Actually nerds are those who keep simping about old crap video games which are just famous because some boomers feel nostalgic for those but doesn't matter wether it was great in that times standards or whatever it was a dull game vice city had better representation
Everyone watching this should donate to African Parks, they are doing great work out here not only conserving these beautiful creatures but restoring them in places that had nearly been lost.
<a href="#" class="seekto" data-time="563">9:23</a> , a side-by-side comparison of human of different phylogeny, this size difference is consistent everywhere I look.