Тёмный

The New Apartheid by Dr Sizwe Mpofu-Walsh: Book Launch with Dr Sithembile Mbete 

SMWX
Подписаться 132 тыс.
Просмотров 17 тыс.
50% 1

Hey fam. I recently launched my new book The New Apartheid in conversation with Dr Sithembile Mbete. You can watch the whole book launch here. I hope you enjoy it!
You can also buy a signed copy of the book to be delivered (in SA) here: sizwempofuwalsh.com/product/t...
Become a RU-vid Member of this channel to get access to perks:
/ @_smwx
_______
CONTENTS
00:00 Intro
00:08 Aims of the book
08:08 Analytical rigour
15:10 Literary ambitions
16:20 What the book is not about
22:15 Apartheid and the Constitution
36:00 Limitations of law
40:00 A new republic?
48:00 Non-racialised racism
53:00 Liberation politics
1:00:04 Spatial apartheid
1:10:00 Technology and apartheid
1:16:00 Looking further into apartheid
_______
Credits: Edited by Tsholanang Rapoo
About me: Dr Sizwe Mpofu-Walsh is an author, scholar and founder of the Sizwe Mpofu-Walsh Xperience (SMWX), a digital, youth-centred current affairs platform. He holds a DPhil in International Relations from the University of Oxford and is currently a postdoctoral fellow at the Wits Institute for Social and Economic Research (WiSER).
#TheNewApartheid

Опубликовано:

 

30 июл 2024

Поделиться:

Ссылка:

Скачать:

Готовим ссылку...

Добавить в:

Мой плейлист
Посмотреть позже
Комментарии : 142   
@palesamofube4308
@palesamofube4308 3 года назад
I'm ready for a different future. An alternative South Africa please. What we have right now is not sustainable. Thank you for the conversation. I'll get the book #thenewapartheid
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
Thanks Palesa. Indeed a new future is necessary.
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
Thanks for watching. You can buy a signed copy of the book (in SA) here: sizwempofuwalsh.com/product/thenewapartheid
@92Kandee
@92Kandee 3 года назад
Bought both your books, looking forward to reading them! ^^
@makhocom
@makhocom 3 года назад
Hi. Is there an audio book on the way by any chance?
@mohamedshah5418
@mohamedshah5418 3 года назад
Hi Sizwe I trust that you are well Would you ever be interested in discussing your perspective or debating on Big Daddy Liberty's podcast?
@wallacecharlesthesonofgeor8074
@wallacecharlesthesonofgeor8074 3 года назад
Congratulations on the project, may this book be the catalyst to get the conversation going again of a dream deferred and how in 1994 democracy in RSA made apartheid legal
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
Thank you! Indeed, that’s the hope. 🙏🏽🙌🏽✊🏽
@nkanyezimdluli284
@nkanyezimdluli284 3 года назад
Love your Work, lets talk more on the subject of an alternative.
@gautlou4534
@gautlou4534 3 года назад
A software upgrade. A fantastic conversation
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
🙌🏽🙌🏽🙌🏽
@noniekoahela9710
@noniekoahela9710 3 года назад
My husband and I got the book.( It was the 2nd to last book they had at Exclusive Books) I can't wait to dig in! Thank you so so much..
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
Brilliant. I hope you both enjoy it!
@bkbontle
@bkbontle 3 года назад
South Africa is going through a transition.
@klobby8545
@klobby8545 3 года назад
Fascinating man ! What I'm wondering is what role do British colonialism and the dominance of multinational companies (including covert European intelligence agencies) have on the impact of the current circumstance of 'The New Apartheid' ?
@zibambense4008
@zibambense4008 3 года назад
This page is full of life. CR reshuffling must include young educated, insightful, and political fundis, like Dr Mbete and Dr Mpofu... Great Book Launch...
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
👊🏽
@MazBringsby
@MazBringsby 3 года назад
It will never work. They will be bought before they set foot in the Union Buildings. Thuli Madonsela was once touted as a flicker of hope and look how disastrously she panned out. Who will provide the financial backing for this well-intended campaign of good intentions that will most certainly be betrayed in the end.
@Wyt_Rabbit
@Wyt_Rabbit 3 года назад
This is wonderful Sizwe, looking forward to reading it. Thank you for inspiring a generation.
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
😁🙌🏽
@NkosiMlambo
@NkosiMlambo 3 года назад
I enjoyed the conversation. I laughed so many times when Dr Sthembile had goosebumps. The question and answer about choosing to write about apartheid than colonialism was eye opening. Indeed, we have been talking colonization and decolonization, rightly so, but ignoring apartheid which is recent. Thanks for bringing it to our attention.
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙌🏽🙌🏽🙌🏽
@vuyanimaster2212
@vuyanimaster2212 3 года назад
Colonialism,in the bigger skim of things,is a global systematic oppression in all formats to establish that whites are superior in all life, apartheid is like laboratory experiment in terms new political philosophies of control over a different group sharing the same space with the oppressor,mindset like experiment
@NkosiMlambo
@NkosiMlambo 3 года назад
@@vuyanimaster2212 Insightful, thanks.
@svgs7310
@svgs7310 3 года назад
Dr. Mbete is an excellent MC 🔥… this sounds like a great book, with a very provocative title 😅, I will definitely buy a copy shortly, as soon as I have privatised some more financial muscle.
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
🙏🏽🙌🏽
@pfanomukhodobwane1666
@pfanomukhodobwane1666 3 года назад
I first saw you on 3 talk with Anele and she shared the same sentiment with Sthe on how you are articulate. She even said one must have a dictionary when reading your books. I'm always learning something new from your channel, keep up the good work.
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
😁🙌🏽🙏🏽
@mathsoeasy1489
@mathsoeasy1489 3 года назад
Gripping from start to finish. Great prelude, certainly will buy the book. Over two decades of 'post apartheid' numerous radio and television interviews, current affairs shows, elections debates, socio-politic-economic analysts and so forth, few have come close to this analysis and scrutiny of the new SA landscape. Non-confrontational but incisive. provocative and brutally honest. Well done SIZWE. You were aptly named.
@sterlingferguson1704
@sterlingferguson1704 3 года назад
The SA constitution doesn't address the question of feudalism and this is a big problem in SA,
@bkbontle
@bkbontle 3 года назад
This was such a great launch, thank u guys for continously opening our eyes, can't wait to get the book.
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
🙌🏽🙌🏽
@dijeitheartist5530
@dijeitheartist5530 3 года назад
I’ve spent my Sunday morning watching this video, it’s a lifetime lesson and adds to new knowledge that has to be interpreted for years to come and hopefully adopted in our education as textbooks to be fully studied. Furthermore, the book requires extensive workshops, TED like talks and maybe a simplified high school version that can summarize the original textbook. I commend you Dr. Sizwe for dedicating your passion for this country and setting the preamble for new thinking required to totally dismantle apartheid in it’s entirety. It’s indeed an hour. I am now motivated to get my copy. Salute!
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
Thanks so much for engaging with it. I appreciate your profound comments. Enjoy the book!
@louwrenspotgieter4053
@louwrenspotgieter4053 3 года назад
Wonderful conversation and insights. Thank you for so much food for thought, and despite where we are right now, giving so much hope and possibility for the future. Time for the old folk to hand over the baton to the youth!
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
🙏🏽🙌🏽👊🏽
@aziyenamasabalala551
@aziyenamasabalala551 3 года назад
Only learning about the book now, umntu has been off the internet for a minute and I gotta say this is a pleasant surprise..much needed today In this climate, you could've written about anything but you chose the truth! Enkosi Dokotela mfo ka Walsh✊🏿✊🏿✊🏿 the revolution will not be televised
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
Enkosi!
@richardgardiner3351
@richardgardiner3351 3 года назад
Is this book available on Amazon
@richardgardiner3351
@richardgardiner3351 3 года назад
One observation why are citizens of Soweto still living in cardboard boxes and extreme poverty whiles the whites continues to occupy the means of wealth which is land and mineral
@richardgardiner3351
@richardgardiner3351 3 года назад
Removing the symbols of apartheid was just one step of dismantling the wicked system Aggressive steps must now be taken to return the land to the black majority and reform the constitution to improve the conditions of the blacks who are the perpetual victims of apartheid
@ndukimusanda5086
@ndukimusanda5086 3 года назад
Much respect to sizwe.. Am buying the book
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
🙏🏽
@AneleMbabela
@AneleMbabela 3 года назад
Congrats brother, keep doing the great work. It would be nice if you can start a series on the US business lawyers who helped to write our constitution.
@zakhemabaso6644
@zakhemabaso6644 2 года назад
I am listening with amazement today (30th November 2021) and am saddened at the glaring imperfections of the new arrangement of a new South Africa. Sizwe has opened a gaping wound in the belly of the so called liberation struggle icons who have been compromised by the hidden state. Sizwe also indirectly implicates Abantu for not collaborating with their African thinkers outside SA. As he rightly put it, the architects of apartheid collaborated with Britain and America to create a psychological warfare model that would run itself in a similar fashion to a computer's operating system. Sizwe has put the entire system on an operating table and is showing some very ugly realities of the South African experiment. This is a painful but necessary analysis of the current state of affairs. This needs to be followed up with a documentary on the SABC.
@Lechiffre3585
@Lechiffre3585 3 года назад
Well mate congratulations this is a well timed book, AYEYE!
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
🙌🏽
@mogalematsose
@mogalematsose 3 года назад
I am very happy to be living in these times as the intellectual work is really conceptualizing and properly articulating the reality I grew up seeing. This book, Mr Cawe's book and the scholarly work being done on decolonization make my life make more sense while stimulating my own academic interests. Thank you
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
🙌🏽🙏🏽
@mmmotives7452
@mmmotives7452 3 года назад
Congratulations Sizwe.....we appreciate you and your work!
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
🙏🏽🙏🏽
@ntombigijana8916
@ntombigijana8916 2 года назад
Very interesting take from Dr Sthe; Dr Sizwe, you also articulate the book so well with the little time you had. I am convinced to go get it tomorrow now that I know about it.
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 2 года назад
Thanks-enjoy it.
@raymondobooysen3829
@raymondobooysen3829 2 года назад
Thanks dr for always telling the truth and congratulations on the book.I just hope this open some eye's
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 2 года назад
🙏🏽
@mrephatextv2441
@mrephatextv2441 3 года назад
I LOVE THE CONVERSATION VERY INTERESTING.
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
🙏🏽
@mrephatextv2441
@mrephatextv2441 3 года назад
@@_SMWX IM DEFINETLY GONNA ADD THE BOOK TO MY COLLECTION
@bkbontle
@bkbontle 3 года назад
I wonder if the governing party's austerity measures and their push to privatise entities those measures are implemented to perpetuates the new apartheid🤔
@bonolomakgatadeluent3150
@bonolomakgatadeluent3150 3 года назад
It's Dr Sizwe by the way Other than that good dialog 🙌
@stepmaster9988
@stepmaster9988 3 года назад
Congratulations! This sounds like a great read and I will buy and recommend to friends. Can’t remember who said it but I don’t think the ANC thought it could do everything after 1994, they made clear choices to placate the minority, such as the land question and not to prioritise economic inequality that is racialised rather than seek justice for the majority. Just like with the retraction of the Covid Distress Grant and the Grant for careers, even though the government earned an excess in 2020 tax over what they budgeted for. They made a deliberate choice to let people starve. What exactly are people who rely on R350 a month supposed to eat when you cut off even this risible amount which no human being can live on with dignity in the first place? How could they mobilise the money to relaunch these payments within a week - because they had it all along yet chose to deepen their corporatist, new-liberal, austerity agenda. I’ve also been thinking a lot about SA democracy in the week the country was inflames. This podcast featuring my intellectual hero, Economics Nobel Amartya Sen, may interest you in the context of democracy in SA: famines - a lack of access to food calories, never occur in a functioning democracy. ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-L6pkqXBOqB0.html
@clintonantoni7559
@clintonantoni7559 3 года назад
💙💙💙
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
🙌🏽🙌🏽🙌🏽
@lynnmothibeli325
@lynnmothibeli325 3 года назад
Not Sizwe being hosted on his own show😂🔥🔥🔥#ayeye
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
😂😂😂😂
@Ouyuni
@Ouyuni 3 года назад
HE SHOULD OWN HIS STORY.
@kgoroshimampuru5475
@kgoroshimampuru5475 2 года назад
This book is going to be a book of reference for years to come in our pursuit to attain economic emancipation.
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 2 года назад
That’s the hope. 🙏🏽
@akanibaone7082
@akanibaone7082 3 года назад
Is the book available on E-book please? Thanks for a great launch. Well done 👏
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
Yeah on Kindle.
@reloefkhoza6511
@reloefkhoza6511 3 года назад
Tmro I'm getting this read
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
👊🏽
@francoiswilliams
@francoiswilliams 3 года назад
The only relevant question is WHY the haves feel NOTHING for the have nots??
@lebogangmoncho603
@lebogangmoncho603 3 года назад
Congratulations on your book. You have just nailed it right on the head. One of critical areas that justfy that Apartheid is indeed, privatised is lack of access to Justice simply because one can't afford to pay exorbitant Legal Fees to get quality Legal services. Legal aid does offer access but this is of inferior quality which in fact serves no purpose at all if we are to address Inequality in our Society.
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
Indeed.
@nigelsoden1821
@nigelsoden1821 3 года назад
Listening to you’re address on space, you’ve left out one factor, culture, there are those who would prefer to live amongst there own kind, you can never force ‘integration’ via laws. Now we hear the new buzz word, ‘Smart Cities’ which is nothing but a form of ‘ghettos’. The world is an ‘Apartheid’ system regardless which way one looks at it or use other verbs to describe it.
@MenteLiberta1980
@MenteLiberta1980 2 года назад
Please go back to EUROPE ! We never call you here !!
@nigelsoden1821
@nigelsoden1821 2 года назад
​@@MenteLiberta1980 and you weren't invited
@innocent4583
@innocent4583 3 года назад
Enjoyed and appreciated this deepdive analytical conversation about the book. Wonder if I can access it from where I am writing this, viz.: Oslo? A sense of panic and anger overcomes me everytime I visit my homeland and notice the alarmingly rapid rate of growth of private healthcare facilities all over the country. I feared this development in the 90's and tried to warn the then minister of Health in Mandela's cabinet, Manto Tshabalala.
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
Thanks. You can find on Kindle outside SA for now. Indeed healthcare has been privatised.
@nigelsoden1821
@nigelsoden1821 3 года назад
Please define ‘Apartheid’. It appears to me that the word itself continues to be re-engineered as it was when it was first birthed. Neither Capitalism nor Communism has been successful, history shows that. The current administration in itself is a regime that practices certain aspects of ‘Apartheid’ yet hidden in by using other terms and words. The current Constitution was never envisioned as a document cast in concrete. Governments by the very nature are ‘self centered’ what I mean by that is self serving. Democracy fools the people into believing by voting for a party the interest of those that voted them now get suppressed.
@joymuxanga5403
@joymuxanga5403 3 года назад
comrade mpofo really danced with principles of quantum social sciences here whilst trying not to reveal his true political philosophy, which is proudly left.
@jesserandelhoff4744
@jesserandelhoff4744 3 года назад
Do you think that the way money is created plays a part in the status quo?
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
Definitely. A major part.
@BaseLineBillionaires888
@BaseLineBillionaires888 2 года назад
So in this book do you speak about how to make it out of this system that is built to oppress me.
@paulmchalegrand
@paulmchalegrand 3 года назад
If the ANC was competent and had integrity South Africa had the potential to be a shining light for the world. There was so much goodwill towards SA in the early 90s. Instead they ripped off the poor and enriched themselves and anyone pointing out their failings was conveniently called racist. South Africans, the most wonderful people I have ever met, need an alternative to the ANC and I still believe they will find it. I like SMW's videos but Dr Mpofu-Walsh, rather than continually analyse and pontificate, present practical alternatives based on the reality that SA's success depends on succeeding in the world economy.
@tetyanaphikolomzi6886
@tetyanaphikolomzi6886 3 года назад
Things were good for whites not us, yes I'm not expecting you to agree because you don't know the experience
@paulmchalegrand
@paulmchalegrand 3 года назад
@@tetyanaphikolomzi6886 I do agree with you, sir. The problem is things are still awful for many black South Africans. I see it all the time. My point, as someone living outside SA, is that in the early 90s as democracy began in SA, the world wanted your amazing country to succeed and do well. They were willing to invest, to visit, to volunteer etc. And instead of using that goodwill and money to help poor black people, the ANC elite diverted that goodwill and money into their own pockets. Now the world looks on and says why try to help SA? The ANC elite will make sure that the poor never benefit. But I know it will change. I don't know when, but it will.
@hasanx4637
@hasanx4637 3 года назад
@@paulmchalegrand If the ANC was "competent" and had integrity South Africa would be better off of course, but the main reason things are so awful for black South African is because the minority white economy has marginalised the black masses. Can't have it both ways. Remember the ANC wanted a socialist government initially. They went the other way preferring to keep the apartheid economy intact. Allow whts to keep 80% of the wealth. Went went the trickle down theory of wealth. 30 years later and this is what you got. a little better? Through all the corruption (funded by western money) and incompetence the government has maintained an insfrtucture for a growing nation and managed to lift millions from poverty. If they had the worlds' most perfect democratic government they still wouldn't be able to run a country( not just your people only) with less than 20% of the nations wealth.
@isoboy1000
@isoboy1000 3 года назад
Even if the ANC was competent in the Government it still wouldn't change the face of the economy. The people who were in control of the economy during Apartheid are still in control today.
@paulmchalegrand
@paulmchalegrand 3 года назад
@@isoboy1000 Inequality is SA is among the worst in the world, if not the worst. No disagreement from me on that. So it's a question of what you do about it and that's where the ANC is to blame and deserves criticism. Education in SA is appalling, the country doesn't have a reliable electricity supply, South African Airways is on life support and on and on. Corruption is rife. To lift people out of poverty SA needs economic growth and then careful policies to distribute that growth to as many South Africans as possible. Stealing money, that should be spent on SA's poor, which is what the ANC has done is not a way to help poor people.
@fido5067
@fido5067 3 года назад
Let's blame apartheid, and certain racial groups, and ptoperty rights, and the constitution.....vs.......let's build the next great South Arican/de colonized company that competes on a.level playing field, ie the market place, and is successfull simply because it has great products or services wich consumers love, and thus generates revenue for future growth, and doesn't need to have access to endless taxpayer bailouts wich only leads to a culture of compalceny, ie eskom/saa/saps/ANC/denel - the very reason things get privatized because their are no credible alternatives.
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
It becomes very obvious when you haven't read the book ...
@fido5067
@fido5067 3 года назад
@@_SMWX true, I'll give you that, and even after watching the entire show I wasn't exactly sure where you sat politically. I suppose prejudice did kick in given the fact that your dad is a pominent Eff 'Cadre" and my strong belief that if they ever came to power Sa current version, and Sa/Azania future version post all the 'apartheid deconstruction' - centralized self serving police force, zero foreign investment for years (zimbabwe if you need a reference) - would be toast and a failed state. One just needs to see how the Comander in Chief conducts himself to know that, and by that very title he likes to be called. Admittedly I haven't watched / read enough of your stuff to know where you stand on all this, so I may be completelyy offsides. It's very easy to take a match to anything, and very affective in doing so. It's way harder to build, nurture, care for, grow.
@domprz1
@domprz1 3 года назад
I watched and listened to the whole of this and find your attitude to be quite depressing but understandable. I find it depressing because a free market system (Adam Smith) is the primary cause of progress and the elimination of poverty in recent history, yet you equate it to apartheid. The other thing that concerns me is again you demonise technology which is the primary mechanism of progress in the current era. I also notice that you never once mention the importance of individual effort and ambition, which is the primary vehicle for any meaningful advancement of a human being. It surprises me because you obviously have put in much effort which I assume has been motivated by a particular ambition of your own. I find it unfortunate that academics with a few letters after their name always assume that the people who they claim to be concerned with liberating don't have the energy, talent and ambition which they themselves possess. However I did find this discussion to be enlightening so thank you and good luck with the sales of your book (in a free market) :)
@francoiswilliams
@francoiswilliams 3 года назад
Today we have more rich black than others, is that wrong?
@isoboy1000
@isoboy1000 3 года назад
Its not wrong but lets look at how they become rich, There is no SA black billionaire that didn't get a legup from White Capitalists. That on its own is a problem it simply show how that our economy is not an open economy but people who have been benefiting in the Apartheid regime are still in control of the economy.
@jaconwood
@jaconwood 3 года назад
@@isoboy1000 Is this not how all economies are structured? These economic 'moguls' rule the world and have their tentacles in every country. Our government is so 'captured' already and the poor have been so deceived that they will keep on voting these 'reprobates' in...it boggles the mind. You can also know for sure that the ones pulling the strings of the economy in South Africa, are 'untouchable' and stationed outside South Africa. Follow the money. The black elites who benefited and were 'bought', are the ones who should be held responsible. Greed and lust for power have no colour. 'Money doesn't talk, it swears'. You cannot, in all honesty, make it a race issue...that will be very short sighted. Peace.
@isoboy1000
@isoboy1000 3 года назад
@@jaconwood Well i didn't choose to make it about race but you can't argue with facts. We are just no the most unequal society in the world we are separated by race as well. Do you think the ANC went to CODESA and said we choose to keep the economic status quo in exchange to you giving us money? you just admitted that the are a global control responsible for this but they are not doing it alone the same Stellenbosch clan make the whole concerning the African region. The ANC are just message boys who make sure policies keep people more poorer.
@jaconwood
@jaconwood 3 года назад
@@isoboy1000 Well, my reality says we are not divided by race anymore. My beautiful, kind, clever, young, single female, neighbour..who bought her house herself because of her own effort and hard work (who also just happens to be black), proofs you wrong. She is also not playing the victim card. You are being condescending towards your own people and not doing anybody a favour by using black or white adjectives. Lay the blame squarely at the people in government who have the power to change things..even more so if they have been bribed..and now stealing the future of ALL our youth. Join ActionSA and do something constructive towards the future of this country please. You are in a position to do so.
@isoboy1000
@isoboy1000 3 года назад
@@jaconwood White farmers were also claiming white genocide i didn't see people like you saying they are playing victim since crime affect all people from both sides which shows you only want to paint one narrative when coming to one race and another when coming some.
@barrystemmet1536
@barrystemmet1536 3 года назад
How can I get a signed copy
@_SMWX
@_SMWX 3 года назад
Please see link in description.
@siphokolanisi6186
@siphokolanisi6186 2 года назад
Apartheid seem to worry Politicians n Black middle class n not d citizens
@manfredwiese7018
@manfredwiese7018 3 года назад
You all confuse wealth with race!
@mzolisikolweni707
@mzolisikolweni707 3 года назад
Can you please elaborate sir
@jaconwood
@jaconwood 3 года назад
@@mzolisikolweni707 Really?! You NEED elaboration? Look at Africa..who are in power in these countries? Why, oh why, does it always have to be a race issue? Will all the poor become rich once all whites/non blacks, have been driven into the sea or all the frogs boiled to a crisp and all the land expropriated? Come on..has logic no appeal anymore?
Далее
What’s causing coups in Africa?
38:54
Просмотров 17 тыс.
Ayabonga Cawe: The Economy on Your Doorstep
30:51
Просмотров 13 тыс.
Did Apartheid Really Die in South Africa?
22:34
Просмотров 15 тыс.
The Stellenbosch Mafia with Pieter du Toit (Interview)
46:34
Apartheid South Africa
2:04:06
Просмотров 275 тыс.