The No Cloning Theorem 

Hello everyone! I am back from a 2+year comment hiatus and excited to say hi! (my account wasn't linked with any google+ account, so I couldn't comment on RU-vid from the MinutePhysics account for the last 2-3 years; google finally gave up on google+ enough that now I can comment on RU-vid again!!)

Heisenberg was stopped by the police. The officer asked "Do you know how fast you were going?" Heisenberg responds "No, but I knew EXACTLY where I was."

(Ten) MinutePhysics

My cloning machine searches the universe for a perfect clone, and teleports it to the user.

0:29 "There are a few too many atoms of carbon-14 in the new canvas." I loved that one! 😂

Very mixed feelings in re to format length. Longer and more in depth is great. But I would hate to lose the shorter format that really made your brand. They both serve a purpose. Two channels is probably not a good solution, especially from a business perspective. Perhaps clearly mark each format, perhaps not just by name, (ten minute physics works), but by some distinctive visual clue. This works on other channels that have multiple formats. People can readily pick out the series they want. You can keep separate playlists for those checking out your back catalogue.

I was gonna make a joke about cloning, but someone might copy it. Edit: Why did I think this was funny? Its legit a facebook level joke

Object a = new Object(); Object b = a.clone(); Ha!!

ngl fam, totally read "no clothing theorem"

i once interfered with myself and left a nice pattern on the wall

people that are interested in what you have to say most likely have an attention span that is

Why are you putting a box of unstable gunpowder that may or may not explode at any moment through a cloning machine?

Noobs all you need to do is Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V

I wouldn't mind a hourphysics video!

Well there's goes my only chance I get to a friend

You draw well ! And so your explainations are so cool and understandable 👌🏼 Thank you !

1:22 "The universe is a party pooper, and perfect cloning is impossible." So, the universe says: No cloning around!

I am in a superposition of both liking these videos and really liking these videos.

I love this video style! It makes things so much more intuitive. I hope you continue uploading such videos

for some reason I readed 'the no cleaning' theorem and came here expecting a excuse to give to my mom

The long format is really good. CGP Grey +

I liked the CGP Grey reference.

Hi, something seems off about the proof in the video - at the start you said that there are 3 things needed for cloning: 1) the original object (O) 2) the materials that comprise the object (M) 3) cloning process (C) But the proof only considers O and C (as a function of O), while it should be O, M and C (as a function of O and M). Cloning shouldn't be C(O)=OxO but C(OxM)=OxO. If O exists in superposition as O1+O2 then cloning would be C((O1+O2)xM)=(O1+O2)x(O1+O2). We then need to examine the cloning process for O1 and O2, however the materials needed for cloning O1, O2 and O might be different. Let's say M1 is the materials for cloning O1 and M2 is the materials for cloning O2, so the materials needed for cloning O=O1+O2 are M=M1+M2. C(O1xM1)=O1xO1,C(O2xM2)=O2xO2 O1xO1+O2xO2+O1xO2+O2xO1=(O1+O2)x(O1+O2)=OxO=C(OxM)=C((O1+O2)x(M1+M2))=C(O1xM1)+C(O1xM2)+C(O2xM1)+C(O2xM2)=O1xO1+O2xO2+C(O1xM2)+C(O2xM1) So the process could exist so long as O1xO2+O2xO1=C(O1xM2)+C(O2xM1). Consider for example the trivial solution where M=O and cloning is an empty action. PS - great videos, learned a lot from them.

Extremely clear and positive! Very good explanation of concepts with very simple mathematical derivations. It leaves several points worth discussing further, but that might be a debate for another day. Thanks a lot for this video and for your channel!

10 minutes of Minute Physics, hell yeah!

A 10 minute video! What is this? Christmas?

OMG ! I just loved how creatively you explained one of the most confusing things ever and made it look so look!! looking forward for more such videos

Psh, you just need a Heisenberg compensator

So it IS feasibly possible for two things in the universe to be exactly the same, just not for us to make exact copies of something that there's only one of in existence. This brings to light an interesting concept concerning consciousness. Suppose that the universe is spatially infinite. Also, suppose that the number of types of particles that exist in the universe is finite. On top of that, assume that there's only a certain number of ways to arrange those particles that complies with known physical law, and that those particles can only exist in a finite number of states. As such, if space is infinite, that would mean that, if you go far enough in any direction, you'll eventually run across an exact copy of the place you just left. So, if you left earth, then eventually you'd run across an exact replica of earth. Down to the people on it. Down to the arrangement of the neurons in those peoples' brains. Down to the properties of the sodium and potassium ions in those brains. And not only would there be one exact copy. If space were infinite, there would be an infinite number of exact copies. Now, as far as we know of today, there is no mystical aspect of consciousness that determines its properties. You are you simply because your brain is arranged a certain way, and your neurons are firing in a particular pattern that is unique to you. But here's the catch - if there were to exist an exact copy of you, down to the position of the neurons and the arrangement of the neural activity, then which "you" would you be? Which head would you reside in? What would differentiate your mind from the mind of the other you? Assuming that they truly were an exact copy, then nothing at all would differentiate the two of you. Now, if you two were to be in the same location and interacting with each other, then it could be determined which "you" was you, as the very act of interacting would break the symmetry. The other "you" would respond to your gestures, therefore altering his neural state in a way that's unique from yours. But, if the two of you were to forever remain isolated in your little bubbles, then you could conceivably reside in both heads at once. And, if there's an infinite number of "you's" out there, then you'd reside in all of their heads at once. And, since they'd all be exact copies, then they'd all be experiencing and doing the same thing simultaneously. So there wouldn't be any way for you to differentiate between the copies. In short, your mind could be simultaneously existing in an infinite number of locations at once. You simply don't know because each location is an exact copy of the other, so you get the exact same sensory input and experience the exact same responses to that input at every location. What's more, let's assume that every copy of you suddenly became curious and said "I want to find this supposed replica-world." Afterwards, they all set out in their collective high-tech spacecraft in a random direction, intent on traveling until they run across the replica-earth. Now, let's say that after an arbitrarily long amount of time (assuming that you could somehow do it before the universe suffered heat death) you finally run across this replica world. Here's the kicker. The "you" of this world would've left long ago, at the exact moment YOU decided to leave, in search of this mysterious "replica-world" he thought of. That means that, from the perspective of the people that inhabit that world, "you" set off in one direction, bound for a replica-world, but instead simply returned to your own world, coming from the opposite direction. From their perspective, you simply would've circled the entire universe, then come back around. And the crazy thing is that, from your perspective, this would be a perfectly reasonable explanation as well, as you'd never run in to any copy of you, and there would be no way of differentiating the earth you find from the earth you left behind. Similarly, a copy of you would show up on the earth you left, which the people on that world would assume was you after having circled the entire universe. So is there really any difference between a universe with an infinite number of "you"s and "earth"s, and a universe that curves in on itself?

Really love this more in depth video :)

This video is brilliant! perfect illustrations to get insights on eigenvalues and eiegenstates in ket notation 👌 Longer videos are the way to go!!!

I really appreciate the way of explanation on this channel. Got to learn a lot from here.. thanks!

My brain just exploded plus not exploded = exploded² + not exploded² = A²+2AB+B²

10minutesphysics*

I liked this video a lot the ad is placed right and it was worth to put my time watching it. great job I hope the up coming videos are as great as this one did

This is the best video I have seen ever!!!!!! All the conepts are made clear along with the basics needed to understand that concept. Please make more !!!!!

Love the longer videos!

I've only studied physics through highschool but i've always been interested in the whole magic of it and this channel is the only place i can get my share of mind blowing physics pieces that are actually fun. Keep up the great work. I absolutely love the videos ❤ And it didn't feel longer at all.

A great video, while keeping it simple, staying informative. Great job man! I really enjoyed it. Please consider more quantum mechanics based videos. Thank you

Daim you explain such complex topic so easy to follow and get the gist of

longer videos = more money for u + more time to learn(for us viewers)so... everybody wins!

This is one of my favourite videos you've done!! A ton of clear and logical explanation that is also relatable. I'm so up for more like this. Thanks!!

Neat! I re-found your channel after rewatching the video you did with Hank Green, so youtube started suggesting you again. I loved the fact that you brought up (star trek!! :D) teleporters, because that's exactly where my brain was when I was watching the rest of the video.

Love the longer format!

That would be funny if the matrix exists and we're trying to make sense of physics when that's not even the real physics. Then we wake up and everything is fucked up and doesn't make sense to us because the rules of everything fundamental that we know are different. o_O

Finally a minute physic video where I knew the concept before the video, now I can die in peace. Also 10-15 min video > short video and

Great content - really inspiring me to learn more about science, as well as inspiring ideas for my sci-fi fiction

Likely my favorite MinutePhysics video so far. It's in depth enough for me to feel that I fully grasp the topic, but not swallowing over half an hour of my time. Great work!

"I'm trying a new format" a.k.a. RU-vid formula forcing content creators to make a video 10 minutes long.

Great Video! The explanation was clear and in depth!

I really enjoy the longer format videos. Been watching for years. You can get in way more depth and i don't feel like it takes away what you were originally trying to do with the channel. Like you said, Minute Physics was meant to signify a video on the magnitude from 1 to 10 minutes

Am I the only one who likes to pretend that I understand what these kinds of video are really about?

It was a great video, long format also good! Keep it up :)

Henry. I love your videos. Keep doin' what you do.

and even if this cloning was possible, one second later, both the clone and the original would be exposed to different stimuli, this would make them diverge.

I like how you used CGP Grey's Icon when talking about an ideal future.

great video! love the videos about quantum mechanics!

"more perfecter" -Henry Reich

I am happy as long as we can still teleport stuff.

u know something is confusing when u hear quantum.

9:26rip stickman-clone pixelated to death.

your RU-vid channel is very good i can understand everything and everything is accurately true

I like the longer format. Please do more of them.

The long format is really good, the short ones seemed rushed anyways

I love the detail!!! Thank you!

10-15 minutes videos is perfect, but rather shorter than longer, because you have topics that demands attention all the way through the video! Really liked it the length of this video, Keep going with that 😉

Man, you are just amazing at explaining! Thank you for showing that my teleportation efforts won't be wasted. Please, give us more!

Henry has discovered the RU-vid algorithm.

I liked that CGP Grey plug haha. Mind stretching videos. Enjoyed per usual. :)

I did very much enjoy this video. Would love to see more

Wow, a 10-min video?! It is like it's Christmas again!

3Blue1Brown is very underrated

Great video and well explained! I did have to slow it down some to follow at a good pace.

Thank you so much! I did not get the explanation when I first read it on my textbook but now I've got a clearer picture

Love this in depth explanation man definitely keeping this as a reference for the future

Soo, if a teleporter breaks my atoms down and reassembles me it actually will still be my own conscious self on the destination, and not just a clone with the exact same personality?

Really, it's clarity of explanatin that's more imprtant than 'proper time' video length. So a longer video, with the same clarityh as you give, would be ... more infrmative! Thhis is a Good Thing!

Love this video... yes you should do more like this one!!!

Great! I really liked this long format video!

So i thought the title was "No Clothing" but this is way more interesting.

Love this channel!

7:42 Look-It! CGPgrey! Two of my favorite explanatory YT channels in one place. Get Fact Fiend here, that’d be all three...

Love the longer format (and the sly CGPGrey reference)!

MinutePhysics is becoming HourPhysics.

I love it! Make more like this

I'm suddenly reminded of Terry Pratchett's "Going Postal" which had the mail sorting engine that tapped into the space-time continuum and emitted mail from the future, mail from alternate universes, and notes people swore they had written and posted but never did.

What if the act of cloning is equivalent to an act of observation, which causes the superposition/wave function to collapse to a single state?

I definetly vote for the LONGER videos!!!

That was amazing. Of course, watching this video might be just a scratch on real understanding of no cloning theorem, but it was very carefully explained.

AWESOME video Henry.

I was gonna make a joke about cloning, but someone might copy it.

im not afraid to admit that this went over my head... maybe it's because i havent had coffee yet. lol

I honestly thought this video was only one minute long when I got to the end. Well done.

Love your videos. One suggestion. I’m old enough that my hearing isn’t as good as it once was. Background music, especially with higher frequencies and volume, makes it harder to understand what you’re saying. However, I really love the string bass you often use, and it doesn’t interfere with your message.

Lol I missread "No ""Clothing"" " xD

minute physics was about taking something complex and making it bite sized and easy to understand. 10 minutes of super positions, quantum mechanics, uncertainty principles etc might just be too much

It’s 10^100^100 % ok to have longer videos Do keep them coming 👍

TIL: I am a superposition of knowing what the hell you’re talking about and not knowing what the hell you’re talking about.

"minute" physics jkjk this is WAY better

Really appreciate your using Dirac notation and using actual mathematical theorems in the video :) Makes it more accurate while still accessible.