The Opium Wars in the mid-19th century were a critical juncture in modern Chinese history.
The first Opium War was fought between China and Great Britain from 1839 to 1842.
In the second Opium War, from 1856 to 1860, a weakened China fought both Great Britain and France. China lost both wars.
The terms of its defeat were a bitter pill to swallow: China had to cede the territory of Hong Kong to British control, open treaty ports to trade with foreigners, and grant special rights to foreigners operating within the treaty ports.
In addition, the Chinese government had to stand by as the British increased their opium sales to people in China. The British did this in the name of free trade and without regard to the consequences for the Chinese government and Chinese people.
#china #chinesehistory #historyofchina #worldhistory #history #centuryofhumiliation #qingdynasty #upsc #imperialchina #historyofchina #history #worldhistory
#china #upsc
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16 окт 2024
