As a neuropharmacology PhD candidate, I really love seeing you branching out and dipping a toe into my field. You do a great job simplifying the concepts enough for a layperson without rendering them inaccurate, and that's a tough balance to strike
@@That_Chemist Hmmm ... Analogies and Morals. Later in the video, at the VR-Headset section... Is that a subliminal cue to do drugs after all? Hehe. So according to the motto: Drugs for every shit and every little ailment? (I was joking. By the way, this is how Germans (wrongly) imagine Americans ... with all their pill boxes :P) P.S.: And strange, by all that details (thanks @That Chemist!), did I miss the part where "Xanthines are addictive" was mentioned? Or when caffeine "counters sleepiness" was mentioned, which TC said "is possible to a degree" ... but with the slight side effects that the body continues to be in this state. Such as significantly degraded responsiveness, which is very nice when driving and costs many lives annually. There is a reason for this tired feeling. Suppressing it for a long (or even a short) time by taking substances is a very, very dumb idea. I just wanted to mention that in passing. Well, it's a video about chemistry. But other details were also covered, and that one (the abuse) was left out. Thanks for the Video, @That Chemist and thanks to @Aaron for the joke:)
The lack of sedation/drowsiness seen in the newer antihistamines, is actually due to their inability to cross the blood brain barrier, and not related to other activity. In the brain, H1 receptors control vigilance, but in the rest of the body they mediate immune response, so as long as the drug does not reach the CNS, you should not feel drowsy…
There is varying efficacy of this, for example cetirizine supposedly cannot pass BBB, but still makes significantly more people drowsy than placebo. Loratadine can cross the BBB to some extent, but makes people less drowsy than cetirizine. Some drugs look great on paper but behave strangely in vivo
I always just accepted it was because " they don't have anticholinergic effects" is the anticholinergic effect the same but after it penetrated the brain?
@@PlanktonWhisperer second generation antihistamines are designed to target an efflux transporter protein at the blood brain barrier. They can cross into the cns but are effluxed out faster than they can cross. Fexofenadine>loratadine>cetirizine. They can get around some of that by selling the levo entiomer which is the more active form thus halving the required dose.
Speaking of air sick - my dad was an Army officer and he went up as a passenger in a small airplane to recon and direct artillery fire. The small plane maneuvered a lot and got tossed around and my dad got totally sick a puked his guts out in the plane. When he landed the pilot told him he didn't care what his rank was - you puke in the plane, you clean it up. They also say to eat bananas before flying in military aircraft - they taste almost the same coming up as they did going down.😝
Interestingly, the Bromine analog (8-bromotheophylline) is used primarily as a diuretic, often combined with APAP for women suffering from PMS by mitigating the symptoms of water retention (bloated feeling) and abdominal swelling. The mechanism of action is complex, but is similar to that of other xanthines like caffeine. These compounds antagonize A₁ adenosine receptors in the brain (responsible for their well known effect of promoting wakefulness - but that is a deep rabbit hole to study) and in the kidneys. When blood enters nephrons in the kidneys, the first stage allows high permeability of sodium (among other ions), leading to a natural but temporary separation of sodium from the bloodstream. This is quite similar to neurotransmitter reuptake, in which the transmitting neuron recaptures some of its neurotransmiters in transit through the synaptic cleft - in the kidneys, sodium is returned to the blood via cotransporter proteins. In normal operation, the correct amount of sodium is returned to the blood to maintain homeostasis. However, the antagonism of adenosine by these Xanthines messes with the cotransporter - and Na ends up being left behind to be excreted. Now that the blood has too much water, the kidneys filter some more water out, and there you go - diuresis. ..I just wanted to see cool compounds with alternative halogens, but I got way off track.
I have no effen clue what u said. But it sounds like u know. So I believe you. And nobody has said u full of BS. In Marines we had a saying, KISS, Keep It Simple Stupid. Keep things so simple that even the dumbest person can follow along and not be lost in the sauce between a meatball and Noodle.
Hey, I'm a pharmacy student doing my master's thesis in the field of medicinal chemistry, hence the interest in your channel. I just wanted to say I think you did a great job explaining pharmacodynamics in a way that is easy to understand for people that may not be too familiar with it.
Hi, I'm in Europe in a country where the education is 3+2 years (bachelor+master). I'm in the very last year, only missing the master's thesis, which I am working on at the moment.
Your comparison was someone having caffeine to counteract alcohol, but my immediate thought was a speedball - using a CNS stimulant and a CNS depressant together to achieve a desired effect (in this case, euphoria) with reduced side effects. Also, just because the different chemistry actually accomplishes a goal, don't assume that its production had nothing to do with getting around the IP protections on a high-selling medication.
Yes but it takes lots of time and forms of "reverse tolerance" to actually enjoy speedballs. Inherently there is no synergism, unless the two substances have a specific overlap in a certain MOA or area of circuit, the CNS depression and stimulation really disagree but you can learn to like it for a specific reason (for instance an Amphetamine can potentiate the effects of opioids in multi facited ways like antinociception and enhanced dopaminergic signaling related to the actual use of the opioid, yet they can clash in some other ways). It's really compound-specific of course because I can't see any combination with DPH or any anticholinergic being desired😂
oh motion sickness, my greatest enemy. i can get motion-sick from just watching footage of a 1st person game, even a couple of minutes gets me uncomfortable and panicky. so no counter strike, no minecraft, no nothing for me :( if a trip involves car or bus rides i prefer not to go, or walk on foot... oh and also there was one time when i got seasick because, ermmm, the sofa was apparently too soft! i was sitting and talking, and my body rocked too much. ugh feels so good to sit still, stationary position is my favourite one. and thanks to chemists for creating all these diphenhydramine things, that's a huge W for making me survive every field trip in school
You could've made this video the 'age restricted' challenge. About all the wild stories that happen to people taking much more of DPH and getting in a delerium. But this was also super interesting and something I didn't know!
Very entertaining...to hear about second hand that is Not talking from experience because I've listened and read enough I'd run in the other direction if somebody offered
I used to get on roller coasters just fine. I also have no issues with motion sickness in videos games. But a few years ago, I started getting 30+ minutes of motion sickness from any roller coaster. Even using "non-drowsy" Dramamine, I could handle maybe two consecutive rides before being incapacitated. Plus it made me drowsy. That feeling you described of 40-minute nausea? Yeah, I've felt that horrible sensation too. I miss the rides. ;-;
7:00 great video! Note: Quest 2 will have negligible latency if you use a modern wifi 6 router + CAT7 cable from router to PC. It's as good or better than using a cable to the headset.
I have mild motion sickness but love rollercoasters. On my way back home from a birthday roadtrip, we made a last minute decision to go to a theme park. I had Benadryl on me (diphenhydramine) and because i knew of the 2-molecule formulation of this anti-nausea drug, i straight up just took the Benadryl with a cup of coffee! Felt great, didn’t get motion sickness. No idea if my version actually works (i actually need to finish this video) but… idk, it seemed to do the job 🤷♂️
It’s also kind of fun to see how many different ways diphenhydramine is marketed. Like 10 different brands of sleep aid, at least 1 major brand for allergies, plus all the generics… also commonly mixed in with various cold/flu meds. As someone with cat/dog/indoor allergies that only occasionally get bad, it’s actually helpful knowing just how many OTC meds are simply diphenhydramine. Cuz a few times now I’ve ended up at someone’s place with a lot of pets and forgot allergy meds, I’ll ask if they have Benadryl, they’re like “oh shoot, no” and then I’m like “uhhh…. Do you have ZzzQuil?” and they’re like “Yeah! But why?” Welp. Same drug. Saved me a lot of sneezing and congestion.
@@Michael-kp4bd yeah when i did it for the first time, i had just found what asmr was and had the most relaxing moment in my whole life. Didnt do much of it tho and never got a good reaction like that again.
Also, if you want to feel more nauseated, for some weird reason, pick up an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor like galantamine! Vivid lucid dreams at the cost of nausea, vomiting, and headache!
While it’s not advisable to take large amounts or rely on it daily for years, I think those studies are a bit sensationalized. Occasional use of Benadryl, from what I have read, doesn’t come with that risk. But there is some risk for people who use it as it’s sketchily advertised as “the safest and non addictive, OTC sleep aid” so it’s worth pointing out that long term heavy use was found to have bad outcomes. But honestly many other sleep aids have insane risk profiles so if people are only hearing diphenhydramine is bad and go onto a more risky drug, idk if that’s helpful either. Still, people do need to know that danger, so I’m not saying that knowledge should be suppressed or anything. Just taken in context.
@@Adamisgood24 same, i used to hate taking it. It would make my skin crawl if anything startled me. It was the strangest sensation - i think that’s due to its anticholinergic effects, making it harder and to quickly respond to stimuli. I just remember being near some port on a trip, feeling drowsy, and a fog horn went off… i like couldn’t react as i was startled and it felt awful. I haven’t gotten that effect in a long time though. I only take it on the rare occasion i both am having some bad reaction AND plan on sleeping.. which is rare these days as my allergies are much more under control
@@Michael-kp4bd My allergies are basically non-existent, as an adult, but even 25 mgs of diphenhydramine, will give me bad Restless Leg Syndrome, that I basically suffer from for hours, before passing out.
The primary reason, so far as I'm aware, that combining caffeine with alcohol is NOT effective for preventing impairment is because ethyl alcohol (hereafter referred to just as "alcohol") is not just a normal GABAergic sedative. It's also an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, aka a dissociative anaesthetic. NMDA receptor antagonists, among other things, SEVERELY interfere with learning, memory (both recall and storage), and motor coordination. Oh, and in high enough doses, they're also psychotomimetic - in other words, they cause effects resembling psychosis/schizophrenia. In even higher doses, they will knock you the heck out. This NMDA receptor antagonism, in concert with alcohol's concurrent GABA-A agonism, is partly what makes alcohol one of - if not THE most - inherently harmful drug(s) out there; the GABA-A agonism causes disinhibition and a general reduction in behavioural self-control, while the NMDA antagonism interferes with memory (so you can literally forget who you / other people are, how much you care about them, etc) and can cause psychotomimetic effects. Ever wondered why alcoholics are so often violent - including/especially towards their spouses and children? That's why. Oh, and alcohol withdrawal - as with any GABAergic withdrawal - can be fatal... characterized by days or even weeks of seizures, hallucinations, paranoia, and all manner of other awful things. Plus it's carcinogenic, it destroys your liver, it destroys your kidneys, it depletes Vitamin B12 in your brain (yaaaaay, Korsakoff Syndrome! oh wait no, that's horrible), it can cause stomach ulcers, it literally causes brain damage (yes, even if you DON'T get Korsakoff syndrome), it's linked to heart disease/attack and stroke, it's highly caloric (major contributor to the obesity epidemic), it contributes to insulin resistance (major contributor to the diabetes epidemic), it's extremely teratogenic (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is no joke), and... surely more things I can't recall. FYI: it's not just me saying alcohol is (at least close to being) the most harmful drug out there. Look it up. Field experts pretty much universally agree on that point. Drug laws are totally backwards: alcohol is legal, and MOST other MUCH SAFER psychotropic compounds are illegal... while the RATIONAL thing to do would be to make alcohol illegal, and legalize most other psychotropic compounds. But c'est la vie, guess I'm stuck being boring (I don't drink because it's terribly unsafe, and I don't use other psychotropics because they're illegal... makes for an awfully dull experience, let me tell ya) until everyone comes to their senses. If they ever do. What can I say? People are really darn stupid. Maybe it's the brain damage from all the alcohol they drink.
How about no making shit illegal because you personally don't like it, and see no merit in it. Drug laws are absolutely messed up, but you're not going to legislate your way OUT of a situation we've been legislated INTO. I say this as a person who drinks once a year at Christmas.
other ndma antagonists are ketamine dxm mxe pcp nitrous oxide. aka dissociative drugs. alcohol is like combining valium with ketamine in a way. thata why you get double and blurryvision - same as one medium dose of dextrometorphane. albeit i must enjoy dissociative drugs are much more enjoyable than alc
Yeah, alcohol is quite bad when the doses are high enough. But heroin and cocaine are still worse. We see a lot of damage from alcohol, because it is so widely used. Btw most of intoxicants are teratogenic.
Holy shit. So it's not just disinhibition, it _changes_ your behaviour? Wow. I see now why alcohol addiction is so often a symptom of depression or grief, if it makes you forget that/why you care about stuff. That's scary, I learned something today.
@@tactiti0n I agree with you there-- it's illegal for me to own more than a month's supply of my ADHD medication. _Every time_ I need it represcribed, I have to waste taxpayers' money telling doctors that yes, I still have ADHD, no I am not a drug abuser. They put me through invasive physical and psychiatric checkups as routine practise. _Breathe_ that you had real problems with dependence or disordered eating and you wouldn't get help, they'd just withhold your prescription. Meanwhile millions die from the shit added to black market drugs to increase profit margins. More die because educators can't teach basic drug safety, eg mixing coke and benzos messes up your heart (take it from my sister, who is now in an urn on my parents' shelf). Dead teenagers? Homeless addicts? Fuck you, shouldn't have broken the law. The government can tax alcohol though, so that's all gravy. But one thing you can say about legalising and regulating: I don't know anyone who went blind from methanol poisoning.
I know very Little about chemistry. And am likely to forget most of what i just watched. but as for right this second i feel you explained it so well, that i now am much more chemistry literate. I am now motivated to learn so much more about chemistry.
Diphenhydramine... that sounds like a funky mixture with a stimulant! I seem to recall using... recreational levels of that stuff, and having wildly odd dreams, followed by the sensation of gravity being tripled upon standing up :D
Gotta cancel out the drowsiness :) honestly I would love to see DPH just die in a fire with the drowsiness and dry mouth, but SOMEHOW people took its anti-AChR action and decided they could repurpose that for sleeping and seasickness… and now it won’t die even with generic 2nd-gen antihistamines becoming about as cheap
Layperson here: That's really neat. I had no idea that's why they used something other than caffeine. I have come across pKa before, but was not aware that it was a logarithmic scale, so I've also learned another interesting bit of chemistry.
Awesome and fascinating video. I will never look at chocolate the same. I knew the stimulating aspect was related somehow to caffeine but had no idea how close in structure. Really enjoyed learning about this. Thank you.
Keep in mind you would need to melt down a giant amount of straight cacao or atleast like 97% to get these phytochemicals. Theobromine and most methylxanthins are dissappointing in terms of stimulation and effects compared to the staple we have now (caffeine) ; there are some unique effects like with blood pressure but for now I see promise in the newer xanthine, Paraxanthine, which is more potent.
Great topic - Benadryl is magical, which btw, can sedate a hyper small dog all day. Otoliths: I think it's an old people thing but when otoliths in the ear shift or move you can become profoundly dizzy. We're talking bed spins dizzy. I'm old AF and I was lucky to hear about these before it happened to me.
I first had that problem when I was 19 or 20 so not really an old person problem to those over 8:-) I was sitting on the edge of my bed talking to friend and a split second later I was laying on my side compensating for the house suddenly being on its side, maybe still bouncing after it bungee jumped off a bridge or... well it was disorienting. Lucky for me I can ride rides all day and not get motion sickness. I also quickly found a non-drug cure for an episode. I think it is called the Epley maneuver. It involves laying down and slowly moving your head along a path designed to drop the stone into the recycling bin. Done right it is faster and much longer acting than Benadryl but arguably less fun if being sleepy is your thing. I can't imagine what it would be like to get motion sickness on top of debilitating vertigo. To me it is fun, except I can't get anything done like that so I usually fix it right away.
@@DAAI741 My vet "prescribed" my dog Benadryl many times (as in told me to give it to him but I bought it OTC). I wouldn't give it to an animal without a vet's guidance, though. He was on it for inflammation after vaccines and for allergies, not for sedative reasons.
I only understand a small sliver of this due to a lack of education, but videos like this one - well written, spoken (mostly) in layman's English, pique my interest to learn more. I'm on the wrong side of the half-century mark, so I doubt I'll ever get a degree in chemistry (or electrical engineering, astrophysics, and the other sciences that so fascinate and boggle my mind), but I would like to compliment you on making a great video that is accessible enough to arouse curiosity in the average viewer. I can only reciprocate with a few words of encouragement, a big thumb's up, and the obligatory "smashing" of the subscribe button. Well done!
Never give up! You can learn anything you want to learn. If you want to get familiar with the key concepts needed to understand this level of information I cannot recommend the organic chemistry tutor’s RU-vid channel enough. Khan Academy is also wonderful. Don’t let a lack of education stop you from making your own. You’re capable I believe in you!
That was really interesting. It's so satisfying when you can find an answer to a question like this and even better when it turns out to be quite interesting as well!
Some notes to help mitigate VR motion sickness from my own experience: -putting your back up against a wall or post while moving using joystick seems to massively help. -using Ankle/waist motion sensors or omnitread setups which allow you to walk/run on the spot works a treat, while also helping give you a better workout.
I’m a bit of a hobbyist when it comes to neuropharmacology, so none of this was surprising to me, but you did provide the information in such a way that the lay person could understand it. Cheers!
As a chemist (chemistry) my brain always short circuits a little bit when a chemist (pharmacy) calls a combination of drugs a name that sounds like it should be a single compound.
"This is the idea of people drinking too much and taking caffeine to replace it": my brother in chemistry that is called OG 4loko and it is most definitely not recommended
"It's like a wrench." Oh, right, a small chirality-dependent tool which can have a large effect depending on where the-- "You throw it into the machine and the machine breaks."
Great video, would love to see more pharmacology covered not many channels can do it especially with good presentation like this Also like how you pointed out the combination of stimulant and depressant is so “frowned upon”but still sees common use under everyones nose. it gets that reputation from speedballs killing so many famous people of course, but the primary danger is actually specific to heroin and cocaine and even still it’s not the up/down combo being inherently dangerous, it’s that one has a short duration and the other is easy to accidentally overdose on with a long duration, when enough of both are taken one wears off first and the respiratory depression from the other becomes unopposed and kills that way
Dude, you are a SUPER nerd, in really good way. Nice sleuthing, and I hope to see more content like this from you. You explained things in a way that laymen can understand. Well done.
Caffeine and alcohol for me have kind of similar effects. Caffeine used to make every little thing fascinating and amazingly good. Now it makes me anxious and panicky for quite a few hours so I end up having to really detach and concentrate on my breathing and carefully steer my thinking to cope, then towards the end there are some super-horrific side effects where moving and breathing and thinking doesn't seem to produce the small amounts of good feeling that they do, and when that system feels turned off it's extremely noticeable and awful, every second seems to last longer, far worse than pain. The comedown does give quite profoundly complete 100% clarity to everything, but as a whole totally not worth it, so I don't bother with it except occasionally and in very small quantitates.
There is a proven mixture that will completly take all the dangerous and unwanted effects caffeine has on our cardio system and other things it was just caffeine70% and 1 other vitamin or something 30% mix and all the unwanted and dangerous effects should be gone and its been called a New kind of amphetamine by some of the first Who used it , research it
I read a study where they proved it and found that it was totally true and allmost a magic mixture becouse it completly eliminated the bad side effects caffeine allways has had on our system
I wish this video was around back in 2015 when I was an undergrad pharmacy student. 3 years of hearing about pKas and I still had no idea why were we even talking about them. Also, in a way, cool explanation why those weren't paired with a stimulant that actually works. Like amphetamine that's rather basic. Nothing that compounding wouldn't solve though.
Its really cool to see someone explaining drugs/alkaloids in a more simplistic form. I reseaerch them and have condicted multiple extractions and its really nice to know that this video can help spark someone elses interest
question(although it may sound a bit stupid since I am not a chemist or a doctor): why do you need to combine the two molecules in a chemical reaction? wouldn't just mixing the two to create a mixture achieve a similar effect? after all, since it is a salt, it is an ionic compound and disassociates when it hits your saliva/stomach acid anyways into two separate ions.
Holy smack. I thought I had a bad reaction - intense drowsiness, but extreme restless leg and relentless priapism, so it was impossible to actually sleep. Just misery.
Sounds like what people get when they abuse it with high doeses. They see shadow people though. And at way higher doses unlike other recreative drugs they forget they took anything so it becomes a real life horror movie. A lot of them also see spiders on the walls and talk to people who arent there. And still it creates addiction even if its terrorising. All from the anticholinergic effects. But what sis you mean by shadow ? It reminded me even more of that becsuse of the shadow people they see. Tachychardis I think they have that too. I also hear a lot about seizures
Oh cool I'm not the only one who sees shadow bitches on benadryl. I think I have anticholinergic damage or something I take 50mg and when I close my eyes i think I'm doing something else
Looking at theobromine, I would guess that imide N-H is really weak, however we know that cacao doesn't stimulate people as well as coffee (about the same 2% content of theobromine in cocoa powder and caffeine in ground beans is usually the case)
In regards to your point about VR and motion sickness I have a funny story. I remember as a kid back in the google cardboard days I was trying out the shitty phone VR and I got the bright idea to try a VR rollercoaster demo in a moving car. I thought that would be cool. Let me tell you that was probably one of the most nauseous I have ever felt outside of food poisoning.
That was nice. I know the good feeling of tracking down something obscure very well. My PhD Advisor was a terpene chemist, and I ended up buying a used set of Absimon just so I could understand WTF he was saying,.. We ended up doing obscure syntheses of even more obscure steroids. I know more about steroids than I ever, EVER wanted to know.
I find the absolute worst motion sickness comes when in stop and go traffic while playing a moving video game. Combining both not seeing the actual motion with seeing a completely different one is pretty sketchy
I would like to see him do a video on how/why diphenhydramine no longer "works" for people who have abused its use in the past such as for sleeping such as zzzquil.
I had a co-worker who got motion sick playing games like Skyrim. In that game I had a couple instances I was going to fall off a cliff at some of the waterfalls.
The reason they tell you not to mix stimulants and depressants definitely isn't because it doesn't work!* It's because of how they can mask each other's potentiality serious side effects -- creating an environment where one might consume more of either than in a typical setting because they're not feeling it as much, but mainly creating danger through the differing strengths and durations of the drugs being paired: if you're still in the depths of the downer and come down off the stim, you're suddenly in dangerous territory insofar as respiratory depression goes; conversely, if your downer runs out of steam but you're still geeked off the gak, your poor little ticker might just explode (or maybe a grand mal seizure...) *(That is, many of the effects of each are still felt, at the actual dosage level, while specifically the CNS stimulation and CNS depression essentially cancel -- leaving you feeling lit AF but moving and appearing relatively sober...def wouldn't recommend it though! )
Fascinating! And an excellent practical discussion of pKa. Also, I am fascinated that there's a promethazine-based anti-motion-sickness drug that has a similar structure. I can take benadryl/diphenhydramine without any noticeable drowsiness, but promethazine knocks me on my ass. If I don't find a bed within an hour, I WILL pass out wherever. Promethazine is remarkably effective at handling my migraine nausea, though. I'm sure there's a reason why my reaction to one would be so much stronger, but I don't know enough of the biochemistry behind it to know what it is. It does make me wonder whether the 8-chlorotheophylline version would work well enough on my migraine nausea to allow me to function somewhat normally.
Ginger is great anti-migrane,anti-nausea,blood sugar regulating medicine. In Germany it's used post-chemo therapy,it helps women with menstrual pain and migrains better than any NSAIDs and few people I know switched metformin for ginger and are eating cookies now without problems.
@@ms-jl6dl ginger helps, but not long enough. I can take it for either nausea or migraine, and it will buy me about 15 minutes to find something more long lasting before the nausea or migraine returns. Still useful, just not a cure.
I have a prescription for promethazine for cyclic vomiting disorder, after my insurance stopped covering ondansetron (for no apparent reason, as they do). I was surprised to see it in an OTC medication; I had no idea you could get it OTC in some countries. My neurologists and gastroenterologists both have strongly cautioned me to take it as sparingly as possible due to the the risk of extrapyramidal symptoms with long term use for a chronic condition, as well as the risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Very rare side effects, but super serious ones, for sure. Dramamine knocks me the heck out for hours. Not stimulating enough. Haha.
Coming from somewhere with both domperidone (as a stomach drug) and dimenhydrinate (as a carsick drug) sold OTC it always felt nicer to just go for the domperidone option. I am quite sensitive to the drowsiness and dry-mouth reactions despite the xanthine they added to compensate…
I've heard motion sickness is a defense mechanism against poison. Not nearly as relevant these days, but if you find your actions and vision not lining up, chances are you're hallucinating, which is a common effect of natural toxins. Your brain thinks you've eaten something not great so if makes you vomit. Pretty neat if that's the case. Makes a lot of sense, but it can really debilitating.
That seems like a lot of work to combine a stimulant with an antihistamine. I'm curious why they didn't just mix the two as powders and called it a day
Another interesting tidbit I just came across. Apparently there are several diphenhydramine analogs that are SSRIs. It's neat how closely related these two seemingly unrelated types of drugs are when you look into it.
I love your agonist antagonist inverse agonist analogy, and I love that you are going into analysinh pharm areas of chemistry. and also I'm weird again I have histamine receptor issues and I find sedating antihistamines are stimulant and melatonin and diazepam for my epilepsy ends up being a stimulant. My Mitochondria are not the only problems I have Clinically, so is my brain injury from birth (I will not talk about the evils of alcohol during pregnancy here) - criticise my typing ability and the person has a problem ;)
Motion sickness makes a bit of sense. The neural network is expecting a different combination of input signals and you are throwing a completely unrealistic/untrained set of signals at it. Certain neurons are firing full force telling the network to correct position based on vision, but motion and touch senses aren't firing the right way to activate motor neural circuits as strongly in combination with vision. Among I'm sure other circuits that end up leading to nausea.
One of my favorites is atarax, a 1st gen antihistamine with strong side effects, so they took those and ran with them, it's used as a sedative today...
Not to mention that Sominex (in the US) is Benedryl except that the pills are blue instead of pink so you know which is the desired effect and which is a side effect. It's particularly funny with generics, where it's not even a different manufacturer but there are still different appearances for the different uses.
1:23 It's more like if you throw a wrench into a machine, and the wrench gets _stuck_ there. Actually, it's more like an incompatible key stuck in a lock, preventing the right key from opening it because the right key needs be in the lock where the incompatible key is stuck.
Interesting. I knew it was a combination with diphenhydramine, but I didn't know it was a stimulant. That makes sense, but it totally doesn't have that effect, for me anyway, so it didn't occur to me that might be the case. Knowing that makes a lot of sense, as stimulants tend to improve my sleep quality, and dimenhydrinate works much better for me than diphenhydramine as a sleep aid.
I think the most interesting part of this is how you usually see Nitrogens in resonance not being active, but oddly enough, adding just one Chlorine to the neighbouring Carbon lowers its pKa by so much.
I just want to add a bit of info to the caffeine-alcohol thing I'm no expert, but once a bio teacher told me that the problem with that combination is PRECISELY the fact that it works. Caffeine temporarily compensates for some of the adverse effects of alcohol, which in turn means people end up drinking way more than their body can actually manage. Thing is caffeine's effect is shorter than alcohol's, so when it inevitably ends your body falls off a cliff. This is worst when combined with teenagers, who tend to abuse said temporary resistance to be extra cool and edgy with their alcohol consumption. Where I live, teenagers being sent to the hospital in alcoholic comas was relatively common, which is definitely not something you want.
Yeah except stimulants are way more complicated - they all fall into the same umbrella term but how & why they work is totally different - it’s too complex for this video but it something that I hope to explain in a video at some point
I enjoy your enthusiasm for discovery and seeking answers to questions that are not mind blowing, but nevertheless fun and educational! The O.T.C compounds in packages you show must be from east coast, or perhaps Canada because nowhere on the west coast have i ever seen GRAVALgood stuff.
ב''ה, if you're prone to motion sickness it's worth seeing if the next generation antihistamines do enough, particularly if you're going to be doing something like, y'know, driving. Fexofenadine and loratadine specifically; if cetirizine doesn't wreck you you're not me.
The second you mentioned gravol (dimenhydrinate) I knew this was going to be about 8-chlorotheophylline. I've always been fascinated and confused why dimenhydrinate is referred to by a different name when it's the exact same drug as diphenhydramine, but with another drug added to it. I can get doing that with a brand name. But this is a drug name. And the only time they've done this that I know of. Afaik the two drugs aren't bound together chemically in any way. So it's really weird that they would give it a different name from diphenhydramine even though they're the exact same thing, chemically.
Marketet/sold as names its depends on which illness group/user group they wanna sell it too then they just change the name and all Even though its the same active compounds in it
Is this part of the methylated xanthine group? Love the program instant sub. (So midway through you answered my question.) Thank you. Might I plead with you to slow down the narration so that the non chemists amongst your viewers have a chance to absorb what's being said and thus learn with a bit more certainty? Thanks again for sharing.
Oooh there is off-label use alright. Just like with any anti-cholinergic deliriant tho, people usually only do it *once,* cos of how fucking terrifying the experience is lol. The only good thing coming out of it is the trip reports, which are quite entertaining, and usually come complete with shadow people, spiders, and phantom cigarettes
There are some way to counteract motion sickness without using any kind of drugs etc. When i was working as a bus ticket checker i very fast starting to have motion sickness. The way i have found to counteract that sicknes was to stare into horizon or a far away point in the lanscape that seems not moving, additionaly even without eyes open if you imagine some motionless point in space and always refer your position to this poit it works as well.
What an awesome video! Thank you so much for providing much needed enjoyable content for chemistry students! As one myself this really helps me remember why I have a passion for chemistry.
The reason why 2nd & 3rd gen antihistamines cause less sedation is because their ability to cross the blood brain burrier is lessened, and they act on h1 in the periphery more so than first gens. Histamine is one of the neurotransmitters that play a role in wakefulness, thus when blocked in the cns, it causes sedation. When h1 is antagonized primarily in the peripheral nervous system, there is a lesser degree of sedation.
You want a game that produces motion sickness. Mirrors Edge, I don't get motion sick, and after playing that game for 15 minutes, I was motion sick for over and hour. The part of the game I did play was really good, so your milage may vary.
@@That_Chemist you totally nailed the explanation with your eyes see motion that your body doesn't feel. First person games that you do a lot of 'Matrix moves' ei jumps and rolls where the camera spins around 360 degrees get me ( Mirrors Edge) I can play a 3rd person game with a steady camera for forever
Thank you for this, I'm glad I finally know why 8-chlorotheophyline exists. But why did they consider it necessary to form a co-salt instead of mixing diphenhydramine and caffeine together physically?
Last year of my undergrad, and despite being a bit of a klutz that has costed the school a not insignificant amount of glassware, I finally had my first lab injury. I was putting a pipette bulb on a glass pipette, underestimated the force I was using and broke the pipette in half in my hands. Luckily only got a small cut.
Excellent video! What's the method of function for the histamine Modafinil/Provigil to provide wakefulness? I'd hoped it would help with my narcolepsy but no noticeable results for me. Desoxyn is the only one that works in my situation. I'm currently looking into PEMF(pulsed electromagnetic frequencies) for the frequencies that provide CNS stimulation.
