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Vietnamese (Tiếng Việt)
Native to: Vietnam and China (Dongxing, Guangxi)
Native speakers: ~90 million (2020)
Language family: Austroasiatic
is an Austroasiatic language that originated in Vietnam, where it is the national and official language. Vietnamese is spoken natively by over 70 million people, several times as many as the rest of the Austroasiatic family combined. It is the native language of the Vietnamese (Kinh) people, as well as a first or second language for other ethnic groups in Vietnam. As a result of emigration, Vietnamese speakers are also found in other parts of Southeast Asia, East Asia, North America, Europe, and Australia. Vietnamese has also been officially recognized as a minority language in the Czech Republic.
Like many other languages in Southeast Asia and East Asia, Vietnamese is an analytic language with phonemic tone. It has head-initial directionality, with subject-verb-object order and modifiers following the words they modify. It also uses noun classifiers. Its vocabulary has been heavily influenced by Chinese and French.
Vietnamese was historically written using Chữ Nôm, a script using Chinese characters and locally invented characters. French colonial rule led to the official adoption of the modern Vietnamese alphabet (Chữ Quốc Ngữ) which uses the Latin (Roman) script. It uses diacritics to signify tones and pronunciation. While Chữ Nôm fell out of use in Vietnam by the early 20th century, it is still used occasionally by the Gin people in China.
As the national language, Vietnamese is spoken by practically everyone in Vietnam. It is also spoken by the Gin traditionally residing on three islands (now joined to the mainland) off Dongxing in southern Guangxi Province, China. A large number of Vietnamese speakers also reside in neighboring Cambodia and Laos.
In the United States, Vietnamese is the fifth most spoken language, with over 1.5 million speakers, who are concentrated in a handful of states. It is the third most spoken language in Texas and Washington; fourth in Georgia, Louisiana, and Virginia; and fifth in Arkansas and California. Vietnamese is the seventh most spoken language in Australia. In France, it is the most spoken Asian language and the eighth most spoken immigrant language at home.
LINKS:
en.wikipedia.o...
www.britannica...
omniglot.com/w...
www.mustgo.com...
www.sjsu.edu/f...
nemoapps.com/ph...
bible.is/
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4 окт 2024
