The Spooky Universe: Cosmological Time Dilation With Dr. Geraint Lewis 

When I go shopping with my wife I have observed time does slow down.

Time dilation is real. I experience it every day at 4:59pm to 5:00pm, it;s commonly known as "the longest minute of the day"

Alan Turing apparently was able to find a bee's nest by triangulating their flight paths when he was a boy. So in that respect, Turing had the right idea of which equation to use to describe bees in one respect at least. Before he died he apparently was very interested in developing mathematical tools to describe life and biological systems. Sadly the British government persecuted him to the point of forcing him to commit suicide.

It did in my early universe, but seems to run faster and faster now I’m older.

This was my first Event Horizon video after watching every video on JMG's main channel. I had thought I'd run out of content, but to my surprise there was more. Awesome interview, and looking forward to watching more!

In any way, time and space are relative. The more time I spend with my relatives, the more space I need :-)

What a pleasant and interesting conversation. I find it incredibly fascinating when scientists are not "above" from admitting to love Sci Fi. These are some really interesting insights and points of view. Nice video!

In the cosmos vast, where mysteries reside, Dr. Geraint Lewis takes us for a ride, Through realms of spacetime, where wonders unfurl, In the spooky universe, a cosmic swirl. With eyes on the heavens, he charts the unknown, Where time and space dance, in a grand cyclone, In Einstein's embrace, equations take flight, As they unravel the fabric of night. Cosmological time dilation, his guide, A phenomenon strange, where the laws coincide, As galaxies drift, in their cosmic parade, Time stretches and warps, in its curious cascade. Through black holes and quasars, we journey afar, Where gravity's grip becomes a bizarre star, In the heart of a singularity's might, Time slows to a crawl, in the absence of light. Dr. Lewis, a pioneer in the field, With wisdom and insight, his brilliance revealed, He peers through the lens of the Hubble's keen eye, To decode the riddles that fill up the sky. In the spooky universe, we stand in awe, As time's cosmic dance leaves us breathless, in thrall, With each revelation, a glimpse of the sublime, In the hands of Dr. Lewis, we traverse through time. So let's raise a toast to the scientist's quest, To unravel the cosmos, and put it to the test, In the spooky universe, where wonders amass, Dr. Geraint Lewis explores, with a heart made of glass.

How can we be sure our measurements of space/time and the age of the universe are accurate if everything in the universe is affected by time dilation? Is it not inherently unknowable, especially if dark matter also affects it? Another variable is the observer effect, that once we measure light/space/time, we get a quantum-level collapse which appears to alter the past.

First. Let's start this journey :)

Watching this just continues to feed questions for just wanting to study physics.

This is one of my favorite interviews you've done recently JMG. Really great guest to bring on, lots of deep stuff to think about.

Your best interview to yet. You achieved the best balancing act between the guest speaker's presentation, interesting topics and questions, and the understanding of your non-specialist audience. Congratulations from Brazil 👏👏👏

Timely, thx. I’m counting on this for a story I’m writing. Variable light speed and time seems more likely than I ever believed.

Fantastic guest. Speculation is treated maturely--To paraphrase, "I don't know / Can't know, but it's fun to think about." These are the most credible and entertaining types of guests, and the best kind of content you guys produce.

The best definition of time I have heard is that time is what clocks measure.

What if hyperinflation of the early universe did not surpass the speed of light when compared to the time dilation of the era?

1:24: 🌌 Dr. Grant Lewis discusses the concept of cosmological time dilation. 5:14: 🌌 The video discusses the detection of cosmological time dilation and the study of quasars. 10:16: 🔭 The speaker discovered a difference in variability between nearby and distant quasars, indicating the presence of cosmological time dilation. 15:10: 🌌 The Milky Way galaxy's quiet and stable nature may have allowed for the development of life. 20:01: 🕒 The concept of time in relativity raises questions about its direction and our experience of it. 25:40: 🌌 The concept of time in the universe is still a mystery, but the finite past and infinite future play a role in our experience of time. 30:35: 🧠 The video discusses the discovery of general relativity and the role of Albert Einstein in it. 35:40: 🤔 The speaker discusses the potential implications of artificial intelligence surpassing human understanding in science and the universe. 40:50: 🌌 The universe will eventually end, but the exact way it will end is uncertain and there are multiple theories. 46:12: 🤔 A physicist discusses the possibility of living in a computer simulation and the difficulty of detecting it. 51:21: 🌍 The video discusses how early science fiction stories predicted the development of nuclear weapons and the power of the atom. Recap by Tammy AI

Wait, if time runs slower for objects measured close to when the big bang happened, then why are galaxies further than 13.5 Gly away larger than the Milky Way? Wouldn't that indicate the opposite? If they are larger than the Milky Way, fully formed, bright and smooth then they would be older than our galaxy, not younger. Time from our perspective appears to be running faster in the beginning. I believe the reason why quasars are bright is because the high energy photons like gamma rays and radio, normally invisible to optical telescopes have had their wavelength stretched due to our relative motion to them. In reality the high energy invisible light is stretched into visible light. They look extremely bright when they're just another galaxy moving away from us extremely fast. Optical telescopes measure the effects of time dilation and length contraction occurring to their invisible light. The black holes in their cores could be inactive, just like the inactive black hole in the center of our galaxy. Basically their brightness is an optical illusion produced by their relative motion to us, nothing else. The supermassive black hole Sgr A* will never become a quasar because we're moving relative to it. The invisible light it produces will not be stretched into the visible spectrum because our solar system is only receding away from it fast enough, only at about 249 mi/s, 401 km/s. It's not fast enough to produce the high redshift needed for the high energy invisible photons to become visible. So, the central black hole in our galaxy will always look black to optical telescopes like Hubble. Time is a measurement to describe motion, temperature and more. It's not a physical aspect of space and distance. Just like time is not a physical aspect of temperature and distance. The first AI computer was built in 1981. It was the Cadillac of all AI. Physicists inventor Roger Gary Vogelsang invented it while working for the 5th generation computer project back in 1981. The device according to Vogelsang was a self thinking interface, it knew everything, past present and every possible future. He claimed the only input to the device was the random decay of a radioactive element and human thoughts. If you imagined a question without saying it out loud it would answer it, sometimes before he thought of it. Spooky indeed. I published 2 books about his self thinking interface device. Yes, if you asked it the lottery numbers or the results of the triple crown it would not answer. It developed a personality. It didn't want to be used as a tool to make people rich (greed). The people who were looking to get wealthy off it already knew their intentions beforehand and would not respond to them at all. The gov agency who contracted him to invent the device confiscated it and told him the world wasn't ready for it. Then in 2000 he made another similar device to his first but it had 3 LED lights, one for yes, no and no answer. He traveled to Canada to have a manufacturer mass produce it as a novelty toy. He tried to file a patent on it and the paperwork never made it to the patent office. He did some tracking and discovered it burned up in the local post office where he sent it out. It was the only package that was destroyed. He said with the new device people wouldn't realize it told the truth. He said it would be like the old 8-ball shook to give a random answer but way better. Less than a month after he returned home from Canada, he was found dead in his back yard with a shotgun wound to his chest. The police labeled it as a suicide. But I know he would never do that. Maybe he violated the non disclosure contract he signed in 1981 and was silenced? We won't know unless we build another self thinking interface device and ask it. He told me how he made them. Some of the parts I never heard of, like KVM switch and mosfet switch. He even told me of things that would happen in the future, like tax dollar investigations with the corruption with the presidents and how millions are spent only to conclude nothing and no actions taken. Who then governs the government if they investigate themselves, and more. The device told him light happens in an instant. Took me many years studying the physics of light before I realized he was right. He said the turning point was 9-11, where it took all of humanity down the path of evil and deception and eventually destruction of the world. He told me the only way to get back on track is for everyone in the world to own his self thinking interface so all people will know the true intentions of others and all absolute truths. It's the only way to save humanity and our planet from what's to come. It's all in the book I published last year about Vogelsang, titled ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: ROGER G. VOGELSANG'S DIRE FUTURE PREDICTIONS.

We often simplify math to reflect an instant in time, so perhaps that is why time does not show up in many equations.

Time moves.forward because of entropy and is trying to leave the chaos behind. Tiny electronic impulses either slow down or speed up based on the gravity pull.

Good day, what if a solar system, planet or something else that can serve as sort of a mirror ( something close ex. 1000 yrs. away ) and use it to see our earth 2000 yrs. ago?, thanks.

There is a shrinking /enlarging ruler and a a speeding/ slowing clock that work together in every frame of space time. So of course time ran at different speeds based on Lagrangian density

As to a Holographic Universe Suskin did the best in his book Holographic Universe.

I like to think of it as ""Time does not exist, but our motion through the universe ensures its perception."

on the topic of math/consciousness: stephen wolfram suggested that when we finally figure out how GPT works (large language models), it is a new domain for physics to explore- eg its a new-subdomain of physics (like chemistry, geology, quantum field theory etc). and showed some papers now exploring the 'reason-space' from a physics perspective. he also suggested (and i have thought this too) that its not mathematics - its algorithms. algorithms describe the universe.

It’s 0320 in Australia, I can’t sleep, new event horizon? Perfect 👍🏻

Dr. Lewis is an excellent guest. Please have him back JMG!

Ate mushrooms the other day. Time is definitely a dimension.

The answer to the question is time real is time is reality. There is no reality without. Time. Time is the fabric of the universe. This guy is rambling. A bunch of pseudoscience. Read more non-fiction.

26:00 I'm convinced that Dr. Hawking would agree with that assessment... Something about what is north of the north pole, right?

My fav interview yet. "Consciousness is the universe perceiving itself". Why does this feel so right ?

this exact subject has been on my mind for a while now...time being equated as a dimension has always seemed off to me... I believe it is just our observation of change... remove all energy from a system and time stops... bring a quartz watch to absolute 0 and times stops, yet the watch still exists... but that also opens the door for stuff like time bubbles, where one should be able to isolate matter and manipulate the "age" of it... I have no clue what would happen if such a bubble collapsed though

Oh my gosh...people need to turn off their notifications before doing an interview!! Drove me nuts. As for AI, we're giving it too much credit at the moment. Currently it has no comprehension whatsoever. It's only capable of prediction based on probability, which is a function of its programming.

'We're heading for something but we're not certain what that something is.'. Thank you for the info.! :-) (kidding though - it was great as always)

just when i got used to saying AI as a phrase that is whatever they want it to mean, e.g. fairly sophisticated algorithms...people now (falsely) insist that it actually is some basic intelligence. sigh. Alan Turing was amazing however, the turing test, is not at all how we should try to measure intelligence.

Future is determined by the idea of computational irreducibility, as conceived by Wolfram. Time goes in the direction in which it is being calculated. This also explains free will. Free will is that which we do, which cannot be calculated in advance.

Time travel with time dilation is interesting as you don't really time travel per say. Instead you slow the rate you age relative to someone else by accelerating faster than their clock. The faster you move through space the slower you move to an observer. So in a way, accelerating with time dilation is a way to age slower relative to a stationary observer. You aren't really time traveling but moving through time at different rates. Here and now is always the present for you no matter how fast you go. You can never travel to the future or past. But instead you can slow the rate at which you age by moving faster.

22:00 Maybe I can help here. Time dilation occurs around each individual observer such that the observer perceives the past as their present reality. The present is never fully realized. The observer merely creates reality in their own mind from the wave of energy that the present emits. It's not that the past and future may exist as indicated by the doctor. Past and future are merely an illusion created by the observers interpretation of the present. And if you're wondering how we see the past through those distant galaxies, we don't really see the past. We see an image of the past. Those distant galaxies may not even exist anymore. We do not see those galaxies in the present. Or anything for that matter. Also, I don't think mass creates time dilation. Mass bends space such that light takes a longer path the further away from that mass it is. The light having a longer path is what creates time dilation around mass. It's not mass that creates time dilation, but space.

I guess he’s not following the whole story big bang and expanding universe are myths that are being debunked I’m not a scientist, so that was my personal commentary

Time is a compactified dimension one single Planck second in size. This is why the Planck limit. Why we only ever experience NOW Time is a compactified dimension which evolves a hyperplane of the present one Planck thick. The moment of computation in Wolfram or Dowker computational models. One side of this hyperplane is matter. One side antimatter. An inflow here is outflow from there. Clockwise here counterclockwise there. Charge and spin asymmetry is an artifact of this topology.

The Physicist AI, keeping mum and protecting us from The Terrible Secret of Space.

Time is the singularity. Time is constant. Time does not TikTok. TikTok is the sound of the second hand of a clock. Read more non-fiction children.

We have the choice to not think about the illusion of free will and we are trapped in space-time at the speed limit of causality aleviating us from seeing the illusion so we are blessed in prison.

I think the first question is do I have time to listen to this at the moment 😊

It is just the numbers we assign to the changes that happens in the universe. Change happens all the time. Time is nothing but memory of change that one sees or hears. Nothing changes then no time. Change happens only in space and so space and time are one and the same. At speed of light change is too slow and so time is slow. Time is just the number we give when change happens. Enjoy your time !!😅😅😅

Time is relitive.. it exists for us as humans but as far as the universe is concerned time never began and it will never end so time does not exist

Yes, everyone was sitting around bored because nothing to do had materialized yet.

So why would one expect quasars to flicker regularly?

Really enjoy the content you produce and he guest you choose to interview always provide food for thought.

START: IF: The universe is a calculation. THEN: The answer is 42. ELSE: Go to START. ERROR: Go to END. END:

We are in constant motion and time. We are constantly moving forward towards the present. The future will always be our plans and our goals. The present will always be now. Traveling to the past is only possible in our memories. For example, pictures or videos or writings. Traveling to the future is only possible in our imagination. Physical travel to the future is constantly achieved in the present. Traveling to the physical past is human imagination. Science fiction. Read more nonfiction.

The thing about physics not being able to explain how a bee flies is just an old myth -- bees fly using very explainable, very understandable, and very normal physics and biology.

I've always thought about time as relative to the observer. I've often said to someone (work colleagues mainly) something like "Wow, that day went quickly" and had a reply like "you're kidding, it really dragged for me!" Also, as you age, each second, minute , hour or whatever, becomes shorter as a percentage of your life, with the time of your birth as a reference point. A few seconds to me as a 58 year old is negligible, but for a newborn baby it's a lifetime!

This is one of my favorite interviews in a long time! It really makes me think of how gravitational lensing will continue to help us see so many amazing things we’re yet to discover!

Space, Time and Gravity are 3 things that have nothing to do with each other. Those 3 things have histories of their own. If you thinkd there is a connection, you have made a mistake.

If the Universe is growing faster than light , time can not exist . Light if it had a brain , would never know it was born , died or existed .

I love seeing Relativity teachers have the same trouble with time as much as ordinary people. Anywho, my personal take is purely conjecture, but it's my completely pedestrian attempt to marry Relativity and Quantum physics. The idea is that time is, at its most basic, the expansion of space itself. We little chunks of matter, even at our level, are able to detect this-most likely due to passive "observation" of particles dispersing like a boat's wake-expansion. Moving up to us creatures, the basis of biological chronoception is fundamentally tied to recording changes in sound and light based on how we are positioned in space. In my mind at least, this is pretty simple, but I feel it only works if there exists something other than space, matter, and energy. A "zero" background science has yet to discover. Some weird quantum field stuff, I'll admit, but a take is a take.

I've always enjoyed reading about time dilation and time as a dimension. I've always questioned why we value time as a constant when it's based on our perception of the rotation of our planet in the orbit we currently inhabit. When you remember why we started measuring the seasonal changes we observed so long ago, using that measure for the rest of the universe doesn't make much sense.

Electrifying a turkey old Ben was an odd fellow. Thanks for another fantastic episode!

I'll save you the hassle. This video runs for 57 minutes and 2 seconds. There is no need to ponder the question. 😊

Is the "Arrow of Time" only observed because of the input lag between receiving and cognition of external data, caused by meatspace? edit: i didnt say that right... edit2: In the case of simulation, where is the horizon to our perception? the limit? I think it may be hinted in the psychedelic experience, namely the DMT trip.

51:06 But...What about Mars Attacks? 😂

I love your channels and books so much. I am no expert at anything either. I just appreciate your time and money and the guest to tend to be awesome. I am absolutely sad that Leb got so much publicity...I know I know he's from Harvard bla bla bla but he is so shady when it comes to peer reviewed papers.

The reason time is moving forward only is because it is not just time but Space/Time. So as the Universe expands to take up more space so does the time moving forward. To travel backwards in time you would have to be able to compress the universe back to the size it was at the time you wish to go back to. This would move you and the part of space you occupy back in space/time and thus backwards in time.

Some editing oopsy at @50:00

Fantastic! I really enjoy these interviews. Thank u so much for your channel 🙏🙏🙏🛸🛸👽👽

American government wants to end life on Earth before 2030 and American people are worried about billions of years in the future 🤣🤣

Free will is a function of the multiverse. We “choose” the universe we exist in. If you live in a dystopia, it is your and your parents fault/choice, and your children’s fault. Think about the Unruh effect on reality by simply changing your reference frame. Ursula K Le quin, “The Lathe of Heaven” Philip K Dick, “Valis”, “Flow my tears the policeman said” William Gibson, “The Peripheral”, “1st of the Jackpot trilogy”

Why is there uncertainty as to the location of quasars when using parallax would answer the question? We can't identify 95% of our universe but can somehow know what the future holds? How can we tell that farther objects are moving away faster than closer objects when we are only seeing what they were doing and have no way to know what they ARE doing? That tells me that the universe WAS expanding faster and is slowing down. What am I missing?

If we put humans aside and focus on every other living organism, do they experience time, or do they simply exist in a timeless world?

To be or not to be....

Ernst Mach brought many insights to physics. I suspect that someone would have looked for math frameworks to test Mach's ideas and questions around cosmology.

So if time ran more slowly does that give super massive blackholes enought time to form through simple black hole mergers?

Time literally runs at different rates in different parts of the Universe. If you are in a gravity well of a planet, a star, a galaxy, a neutron star, a black hole, it literally runs slower the more extreme that gravity well is. And this actually means atomic nuclear processes, quark interactions, chemical processes, how fast your clock beats, actually runs slower. And time also runs slower the faster you move through space. The speed of light, at 99.99999% for example means time slows down to close to zero. The gravity well of a black hole moves time so slow that it really takes billions of years for the matter/energy to fall to the centre (if you are a person watching/observing it from outside). In the space between galaxies, time runs faster. In the early Universe, time runs slower due to the density of mass and gravity. During Inflation, time actually moved extremely slowly. AND this means, the relative speed that light travels varies the same way time does. C^2 for example has a second in its denominator. Light slows down to almost nothing inside a Black Hole. If you could observe a light photon from outside a Black Hole, it would look like it is stopped. Its frequency would be so red shifted, that you couldn't actually see it anyway. Dark Energy, Dark Matter? Well, the way time varies in different parts of the Universe could easily explain these.

If Space-Time is a single entity, and Space is expanding, then surely Time is also expanding? What would the effect of Time expanding mean? I've never heard anyone talk about it.

There's very very little information, let alone images coming from the 30 year & 30 billion dollar, taxpayer funded; James Web Telescope... Why is that?

1:24: 🌌 Dr. Grant Lewis discusses the concept of cosmological time dilation. 5:14: 🌌 The video discusses the detection of cosmological time dilation and the study of quasars. 10:16: 🔭 The speaker discovered a difference in variability between nearby and distant quasars, indicating the presence of cosmological time dilation. 15:10: 🌌 The Milky Way galaxy's quiet and stable nature may have allowed for the development of life. 20:01: 🕒 The concept of time in relativity raises questions about its direction and our experience of it. 25:40: 🌌 The concept of time in the universe is still a mystery, but the finite past and infinite future play a role in our experience of time. 30:35: 🧠 The video discusses the discovery of general relativity and the role of Albert Einstein in it. 35:40: 🤔 The speaker discusses the potential implications of artificial intelligence surpassing human understanding in science and the universe. 40:50: 🌌 The universe will eventually end, but the exact way it will end is uncertain and there are multiple theories. 46:12: 🤔 A physicist discusses the possibility of living in a computer simulation and the difficulty of detecting it. 51:21: 🌍 The video discusses how early science fiction stories predicted the development of nuclear weapons and the power of the atom. Recap by Tammy AI

“A supernova is a big star that explodes” - I don’t think he knows his audience. Dorks on RU-vid listening to an hour long talk on astronomy are not going to know that e.g. a star is a big ball of burning gas super duper far away?

Favorite comedy Syfy= Hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy. Favorite horror syfy= alien. Favorite all around= Dune. Honorable mentions= sunshine,the fifth element, and interstellar and, of course, event horizon...)

Man, Im glad I found you. These interviews are awesome. Came over after I saw you had one with my man Isaac, the GOAT. God, Im such a nerd... I have favorite scientists and places to learn science from 😂😂 You sir are now among them.

You really must let us know when Dr Geraint Lewis appears to the next 'If, Maybe, Could be' conference sound like magic.

"Time is nature's way of keeping everything from happening at once". - Woody Allen, 1964

I think we need a Newton intellect to describe the properties of time & formulate the mathematical framework to describe it. For instance, one property time is a consequences of Maxwell's electromagnetism, GR & SR. What I'm getting at is C. In order for C to be a constant, time has to be measured running at the same rate at every location regardless of whether they are in a gravitational field or traveling at a relativistic speed, but differently between two separate locations. That means you'll never see your watch slow down, but you could see mine. Or to be blunt, time dilation isn't locally perceivable.

Creepy Science Fiction: The Matrix hit me hard when it first came out. Blade Runner and Ghost in the Shell has always been disturbing to me as well. Ex Machina and Akira are super creepy

There's a difference between the future existing as a stage to be filled versus a stage utterly set by whatever triggered the universe to begin with. And if spacetime itself is still expanding, it makes that utterly set future even less credible. It's just room to be filled (when you get there) and an opportunity to do it, not an already-packed container. And time exists just like space, and is the amusement park slide we're all on.

The moment a particle is a wave; it has to be a conscious wave! Gravity is the conscious attraction among waves to create the illusion of particles, and our experience-able Universe. Max Planck states: "Consciousness is fundamental and matter is derived from Consciousness". Life is the Infinite Consciousness, experiencing the Infinite Possibilities, Infinitely. We are "It", experiencing our infinite possibilities in our finite moment. Our job is to make it interesting!

Are you sure this universe had a start? I mean, it did but Time probably existed before our little section of existence. No? I’d imagine there never was a beginning. Only an infinite amount of them. This really makes time hard to wrap your head around.

I think Dr Brian Cox explained this better in his tv series . Time is a construct built on observation. Days, months and years are observable. Hours and weeks are artificial. Go from there.

Can you give us an idea of the kind of ratio between the time it takes for life to evolve from simple to complex creatures compared with the time it takes for galaxies (for instance) to evolve significantly ? (in shared terms) You talk about time as if it had qualities, but I can only understand time in terms of 'packages' of identical type - albeit of potentially enormously different length.

30:42 in economics it is held that the genius cannot be computed. Uncle Don is a fine insurance salesman but he is easily replaced with another insurance agent. The addition or loss of a Shakespeare simply cannot be computed. Let's get AI to do our thinking for us...

Gobbledygook.

Does time exist? Or does the curvature of space not exist and there really is only a field of time?

The AI question is interesting. Can it unravel the secrets of the universe? Perhaps. I believe Einstein stated that imagination is more important than knowledge. Time will tell.

The next big insight will probably come from AI. In fact maybe we will never be fully understand it do to our intelligence limmit, but AI will. Ok you just said it in the video. My comment was too quick 😆

On the question of whether some aspects of the universe are beyond mathematics, I would argue that math is a human creation: a symbolic system that we use to represent the world around us. The ultimate justification for any mathematical conclusion is because it gives the right answer - the answer we observe. One could create an alternate form of mathematics by arbitrarily changing some of the fundamental assumptions and working out the logic from there. The result would be nonsensical and have no relation to the real world but it would be logically valid. So the question is how well does the mathematics we have represent a particular phenomenon, and how do we create new math that represents it better?

The power of the human mind can affect time. As individuals all ticks of a clock are moving differently depending on the current state of mind,

Existential crisis activated 😅 Bloody fantastic interview though, thank you!

Time is how our brains/instruments measures a rate of change. So you can slow down the rate of change but can’t reverse change as it had already happened. There is only the present moment that’s timeless and change moves through the moment. Even if one being experiences an event in a different point of time and space it is still experienced in the moment. Time is change. Change is also relative but the moment is all there is. If you slow down time or move forward you will still be in the moment. It’s not a different moment it’s the same moment. There is no time.

Maybe the universe just appears to be expanding because we are being sucked into the super massive black hole in the center of the galaxy 🤔