This is the story of how fuel injection transformed from it's simple beginnings as a mechanism to burn fuel oil to the complex computer driven integrated fuel management systems found on today's vehicles.
@@michaelpielorz9283 he didn't say he didn't know any of the stuff in the video. he said he was taught a few things. you're misinterpreting him and looking stupid doing it.
Being a Ford Master technician, I understood every single aspect. Where were you 15 years ago. I would've got this under my knee in a week, not years 😂 Exceptional quality and accuracy.
Well done, what a fantastic video. Being an auto sparky for 50+ yrs and ex Bosch automotive technical trainer for 17 of them, I knew some of these facts, but you've opened my eyes up to so many non-Bosch systems and variations that existed. Brilliant work 👏
Fun fact: Airburst fuel injection was still used up until very recently on the Mercury optimax 2 stroke outboard engine. It was developed by a company called orbital fuel injection in Australia and it used a belt driven air compressor. They worked very well and were quite reliable. Some seadoo 2 stroke engines used this as well (951DI) and they had a small piston air compressor driven off the end of the balance shaft.
My first encounter with fuel injection was a square back (wagon) VW that my step dad owned and I drove in the late 70’s. It ran great and I never did any repairs. It was the car I also learned to drive with a manual transmission. In 1982 I became an automotive tech right out of high school. I have since worked on almost all of these fuel injection systems. In September I celebrated 40 years as a tech. I found your video to be very interesting and somewhat enlightening. Well done!
Truly an excellent video. 30 plus years as a certified Master Auto Tech with Advanced Engine Performance certificate and I thoroughly enjoyed your presentation. You nailed it, Bravo!!
I’m sending anyone that doesn’t understand fuel injection here. You broke it down so anyone should be able to fully understand it. A lot of people understand it in its most simply form yet you broke it down to its core in a way the pay person can understand. I like how you threw in speed density as in up until most recently it’s been the most prevalent form used along with mass airflow, in both everyday driving and performance applications. Nice job… Also, I can see someone paid attention in English class on how to properly compose an essay/paper/presentation on a given subject. Intro/body/conclusion! I minored in English and notice in your videos you always start with a clear and concise introduction stating your topic and briefly summarizing your points while staying your thesis too. You follow it right up with supporting evidence and wrap it up with a clear and concise direct conclusion, restating your thesis/position for the reader (viewer). Textbook work…excellent A+
I'm a mechanical engineer, my first introduction to FI was because I bought a dodgy Gti with Bosch K in injection in 1986 while in college and quickly needed to learn how to troubleshoot the many problems because I could not afford VW or Audi shop rates.
Always quality content! Would love to see another video focusing on extreme materials... Materials technology really is the BIGGEST barrier we have to overcome to implement increasingly complex technologies (and even reimplementing older technologies that were abandoned due to materials constraints). Keep up the great work buddy!
@@TheLtVoss he spoke about -half- *Semi* conductors, on this one. Super conductors are used in only a few fields, and they are literally the only reason that field of study exists. We didn't know, and no one had ever predicted with any certainty, the effects below 4°K, until we discovered super conductors, BECAUSE we got to 4°K. So if he didn't talk about that, that'd be weird. POLYMERS, fits in with polymeric CARBON, (organic chem) and in almost the same way, so do ceramics and glass. (inorganic chem). If he spoke about how a catalytic convertor works, that's physical chemistry. (the 3 branches) It seems like you're a chemist at heart, (that's not a dig, or a judgement, I did chem in uni.) there are a couple of great channels that go over all the aspects you spoke of. starting and staying mostly like this video. While being incredibly insightful The only thing, you have to watch a 'first video' about what words mean. Because everything is latin/French/english or even acronyms. I'm sorry if I've got that way off, *but* if that is the kinda thing that sounds interesting to you, there's some channels that are like this one: that are engaging, well produced and researched. Again, If I'm wrong, I apologise. I'll post them here for you if I'm right. Hope life is good.
@@renagenic at first Englisch isn't my native language and going in too scientific topics isn't really helpful with a kinda limited vocabulary (same times i just struggle to translate a singel word especially compoundwords out of german in English is a challenge see semi-conductor and Halbleiter ->Halb =half or part, semi +Leiter =leader, conductor, ladder ) And my comment was referring too the comment on the video not the video itself just because the introduction of semi-conductor is mentioned in the video dosnt mean it is the topic of the video (of course there are good videos about that out there on YT but with my answer to the previous comment I expressed that i would like too see more videos from the same YT channel because the quality was way over the standard Also you talk about chemistry (organic or in-organic or physical ) not Matirial science (they are interweaved at same points but there is a huge difference) look wenn I mentioned Carbon I was referring to carbon fibers, naon tubes, Graphen and other modifications of carbon I wouldn't really put that in organic chemistry (even if they classify in chemistry as organics) especially if you modified the Graphen too be a Transistor or logic gates utilising quantum physics Glas and ceramics are not the same. chemical maby but the structure of atoms/molecules is so much more important for a Matirial and Glas is amorphous ceramics have cristaliny structures but could be made out of the same stuff chemical speaking but have complete different physical properties Super conducters are a relatively new field but you know that in the last years huge progress did happen in the field and we aren't limited to 4°K any more and to get materials that have such propertys at higher temperatures is the Material science part of it aka the hunt for propertys
I regularly drive my 1955 Mercedes Benz 300 Sc Einspritzmotor. #14/200 produced. It was the first Bosch fuel injected MB. Its reliability and power is still astounding after 70 years. 175 hp, detuned from the 200 on the Gullwing. I also own a 1970 280 SE 3.5 that introduced electronic fuel injection. 200 hp. Both cars purr when they are ignited and are in perfect running order and still are the stars of the road
It is just amazing how you make these videos so incredibly detailed with animations and everything. I love your videos so much. You are absolutely awesome!
I bet you probably have enough on your plate already, but if you need another idea: “ *The History of Gaseous Engine Fuels* “ (or something along those lines) Could cover “wood gas” / “coal gas” (aka syngas), especially post WW2, then move on to “Autogas” (Basically Propane/LPG for Automotive Use), then Finally Cover Methane (CNG, LNG), and Dimethyl Ether. Between all that history, and the technical stuff (especially for the Autogas, ie Liquid Phase Injection for Intercooler like Cooling, rather than vapor phase injection) that you really excel at covering, i think that would be an interesting video and fit with this series on engine stuff. Granted i love all the other videos like the one on Flywheel Energy Storage, or Surface Roughness etc, and again, you may have enough on your plate already, but I thought I’d just throw this idea of mine out there. Either way, keep up the great work! (Edit: Text Formatting/Typos)
The work, research and time on these videos is nothing but incredible. I love your videos. Thank you sir and keep up the incredibly great work. Thank you. 🖖
Outstanding. Sir, you have a talent for reaching the very edge of what your average person can understand and delivering high-quality complex content to scratch intellectual itches I think some of us didn’t realize we had. I’m always excited to see when one of your new videos gets posted. I had no idea electronic fuel injection came about in the 50s! That’s a full two decades earlier than I would have guessed. Very interesting. Again, great content. I keep up the good work, my man.
As someone who is curently is researching the next generation of gasoline fuel injectors I have to congratulate you on your work reguarding the history & trends of injectors. There are a few things to expand upon reguarding current and future trends . But really top work well done, I enjoyed your video. :)
There also was such thing as mono-injector (I know some MK3 VW Golfs had it), a carburetor looking device that actually had one large injector controlled by ECU. But if you ask me which one was the BEST in terms of drivability for me it was K-Jetronic because of instant response on throttle, I had 1986 MK2 VW Golf GTI 16V no catalytic convertert, no lambda sensor just pure K-Jet with 140bhp out of 1.8 engine and thats in 1986. Best car ever. Nothing comes close to this day in throttle response. Loved that car.
Here in Australia we had the Ford EA Falcon it had a muilti point carby where 2 injectors lived in the carburetor and were controlled via a ECU very reliable with most cars having an original carby well into the 400K kms on the odometer
It's a miracle, the amount of engineering that goes in the modern cars. I'm happy to see more people are being brought in to appreciate this field of science. Modern cars (1996+) run extremely efficient. Back when environmentalism was about engineering and not just policy. Even the sports cars get more horsepower while doing less damage to the environment. Even the family sedan four-cylinder had more horsepower than the V-8's in the muscle car days of the 60's/70's. Our cars used to run "dirty", but now they're so clean and efficient the air coming out the tailpipe is cleaner than the air going in. (Remember, when Porsche started bragging about that? Now all of them are like that.) Even the Dieselgate Jetta was clean. It was a modern marvel of efficient diesel engineering. They built diesel cars that are fun and sporty to drive. The Germans have ben working on the Jetta since 70's and by the time it ended it had quite a reputation. There was just some stupid new rule about NOx levels in the exhaust gas passed at the last second. That caught Volkswagen off guard. All the years and decades before NOx levels wasn't a problem but environmental groups became radicalized and blah blah blah just like that, they lowered the acceptable level to something unachievable without decades of research.
Having worked for AlliedSignal/Bendix and Bosch it was very heart warming to see that you got the history of Electronic FI correct down to Bosch Licensing the Bendix technology. It is well documented that the original Bendix unit rebuilt with quality capacitors to original operate the hemi-powered DeSoto flawlessly. Antilock history mechanical and electronic charts the same way with the Bendix-Chrysler being first followed by Bosch. This History is a great demonstration of the innovator's dilemma and how sometimes being second is more beneficial.
The difference between carburettors and fuel injection is best demonstrated by WWII planes, especially in the first years of the war: - The Spitfire (and the Hurricane) used an SU float chamber carburettor. Pushing negative Gs (sharp nose down or flying inverted) you got 2 effects: a) the fuel in the carburettor flies up, causing a starvation of the engine b) the float also lifts up, opens the needle valve, flooding the carburettor, which in turn would cause a flooded engine. Both causes a momentary power cut that would right itself nearly immediately, getting the right amount of fuel to the cylinders once the carburettor was no longer overfilled. By then, the Me 109 would have pulled away. You'd have to roll and lull and roll back instead of pushing negative Gs. (The Me 163 Komet also suffered from negative G while powered, due to an elbow design of the fuel tanks -- there was no space "below" the fuel tanks.) The field-adapted solution was "Miss Shilling's orifice", basically a "washer" as flow restrictor that would not allow more fuel into the carburettor than the engine could need at maximum power. Later on (from 1942) , Rolls-Royce's Merlin engines started using a pressure carburettor -- which does not rely on a swimmer; thus solving that specific problem. But that is not the only difference. The injection engines had significant cross draft (both in and out valves open, increasing cooling and getting all the combustion leftovers out of the cylinder) --- after all, there was no fuel in the incoming air. And thus they could run lean and use less fuel. A carburettor's engine cylinder intake has a fuel/air mixture, so cross draft would allow fuel-air to pass into the very hot exhaust piping --- not a good thing. That means also they would have to run rich for increased cooling.
@@abdulabdanahib9617 Nope. I tend to more realistic games[1], some might call it simulators. Though I understand WT has implemented that bit. [1] Yes, WT even in the least arcade mode is still an arcade game. It uses the likenesses and names of historical, semi-historical and purely mythical vehicles and planes, but none of their correct stats.
Another amazing video as always! The way I see it: 1) You can have a very simple engine design that is easy to keep and fix but is a gas guzzler 2) Or you can have a highly fuel efficient and clean engine that is a nightmare to repair and to keep You can't have it all, engineering is about trade offs after all.
Well a simple fuel injection system can be very reliable. The problem isn't that. It's the cost cutting measures and all the other tech that gets added on that makes the system too complex to be easily repaired or reliable. Also planned obsolescence is a thing.
1967 and ‘68 VW “Backs” had Bosch FI that required a set of FI points in the bottom of the distributor. By the time we bought ours in ‘76, mechanics were forgetting about this. My Squareback began losing power and sucking down the gas to the point that it was getting 3 mpg and laying down a smokescreen worthy of a WW II destroyer. I drove it home this way for 24 miles after a tuneup. When I got home the mechanic was on the phone telling me he finally realized the problem. I think we had to drag it 24 miles back to the shop behind my 914. On the way home it was back to getting 30 mpg.
The first commercially mass produced car with fuel injection as a standard feature was the W124 Mercedes E-klasse. With the E standing for Eisenspritzen or fuel injection in German.
No mention of Lucas mechanical fuel injection? At 11.00 there is a photo of a Triumph 2500 with twin SU carburettors for some reason, perhaps because Lucas injection was used on these engines? Lucas injection was used by all Formula 1 engines from about 1963 to the mid 1980's.
@@NewMind glad that you approve. He presented such a serious factual interesting presentation. But I just couldn't resist it when it came to mind immediately. Thank you for the reply. You mention that the 57 Corvette had fuel injection. My dad's brother had a fuel injected 57 Chevy convertible.
Excellent video. I own a diesel that uses piezoelectric injectors driven by a Bosch made ecu. It is the diesel variant and eventuality of all the developments added to GDI systems. It had to address the higher fuel pressures of diesel as well as diesel emissions criteria. This TDI system was developed during the time of the EU diesel marketing push. Development has been slow recently as a result of dieselgate and may never recover. My sensation is that modern direct injected gasoline is very equivalent to modern this modern diesel from an efficiency standpoint, even with the higher energy density of diesel, due to emission standard and how the systems perform in an ordinary household use case. The need to top up exhaust fluid and use a fuel additive makes running diesel a bit more maintenance too.
Just stumbled on your Channel from a search about brake systems watched that episode and then this one. Incredible animations MASTER CLASS caliber delivery. New subscriber 15 vids keyed to watch I think I'm going to enjoy exploring the rest of your channel.
Fantastic as always. I think even the Wright Flyer could be considered to have used fuel injection although it was manifold injection and not quite a true fuel injection system. Just something I saw in "tested" recently
Fuel injection is so easy to troubleshoot and repair. It is so much easier than working on a carburettor. I work on both systems, and the in between system of the throttle body fuel injection system, as well. By far, port fuel injection is the easiest to work on for any purpose.
A 1930s book I have said that Diesel wanted to use airless fuel injection quite early on but had to wait until Herbert Akroyd-Stuart's patent for it to expire. Akroyd-Stuart pioneered the oil-engine and his invention of practical "solid-fuel injection" (ie. not blast-injection) was just a forgotten byproduct.
Fascinating. I thought these things are simple, and in their modern form, they are. But the road was long and hard, with a lot of ingenuity and creativity going into it.
The bendex injection system used on the Chrysler products biggest problem was the control unit was not in a Faraday cage so when they when past area of lots of electrical interference, this was not found out till a few years ago when a electrical engineer got one and diagnosed it.
Great video, very informative. Just as an anecdote I was I out cycling this summer when a couple of vintage cars passed me by . . . the amount of unburnt fuel exhausted from these cars from the 60s / 70s was shocking! I was almost ready to faint from the stench of petrol fumes and there was three or four of them, I can't imagine what it was like in LA / San Francisco / Detroit back in the day.
Keep in mind that there are more people that have a car right now than back in the day. Next to that old cars suffer from... being old, they are not as fresh as they used to be, but changing the engine takes away the nostalgia.
In LA in the 60's/70's, it wasn't like the whole area smelled like unburnt fuel, but you could not see the hills 10 or so miles away and your eyes stung on bad days. By the end of the day, your eyes felt gritty.
Probably badly adjusted caburettors. Maybe even a bit fuel rich on purpose. You should not have any noticable gasoline smell from a well adjusted carb.
Excellent as always. Please check your reference regarding the RR Merlin. I believe it used an "injection type" carburetor. The lack of fuel injection caused problems for the Spitfire and Hurricane aircraft during WW2.
The 'injection carburettor' is really a kind of single point fuel injection. It does not rely on the depression in the Venturi to pull fuel into the airstream, instead the pressure provided by the fuel pump sprays fuel from a nozzle (typically located at the eye of the supercharger impeller). The venturi and ram air tubes basically act as a pneumatic MAF sensor that regulates the flow to the fuel nozzle.
@@KW-ei3pi They started fitting them to Merlins in 1943 with the introduction of the Merlin 66. Prior to that British built Merlins used various 'fixes' to their carbs that mitigated the negative G issue but never fully solved it.
Great video. Having been part of the development of Diesel piezo direct injection systems and gasoline direct injection as an engineer, I can say that it is very well explained.
My friend's1982 Volvo 240 turbo that had a KE-Jetronic. Just as described, it mainly let the K-Jetronic do it's thing while the electronic controls trimmed the fuel. It ran pretty well and started right up even in frigid temperatures. (The only carbuerted car I've owned, a 1972 Cadillac, also started up fine in cold weather as long as you gave it the 1 pump to set the choke, but some of those "malaise era" vehicles that was not a given.) This must have been for emissions, I recall seeing in the manual (to my shock and surprise) it having extra startup instructions for Canadian models, they were still using a carbuertor with a MANUAL pull choke (there were instructions in the manual on how far to pull out the choke knob etc. to keep it going in cold weather.)
Actually Brayton applied for a patent in 1887 which was granted in 1890 for an engine that used a variable quantity liquid pump with a spring loaded relief type injector. The engine operated exactly as a diesel except for the compression ignition component. Patent # 432114
14:35 the U.S. EPA was established by president Nixon in the summer of 1970 and didn't have an administrator until almost '71. There might have been some kind of emissions regulation established in 1968 but it certainly wasn't enacted by a department that didn't even exist yet
The Porsche 1973 911T used the earlier MFI system in some markets (US, Australia) for the second half of the production year (sometimes called 73.5), CIS Jetronic only started in the 74 model year
I worked on K-Jetronic systems for quite a few years, first with VW, then with most German cars. It wasn't bullet proof, but with regular filter replacement it was very reliable.
As always.. a ton of info yet... fascinating. One take away I have... as a matter of just perspective. The early systems were cost prohibitive due to the cost of transistors decades ago. Now, we get a billion or more transistors in a CPU for a couple few hundred bucks..lol. Not to mention that we need a simple microscope to see them! 2 nanometers is pretty damn small lol!
Absolutely perfect history of FI.. Great work.. I've been a licensed automotive technician for over 45 years. It was painful at times working on all those stages of FI.. I've always believed sequential FI with direct is a good combo.. but now most manufacturers are using Atkinson cycle with the EV.. . best of 2 worlds. No power but great fuel efficiency.. Keep in the great work..