The Ugly Truth About STROADS & How to Fix Them! 

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The biggest miss in Cities Skylines is the lack of mixed use zoning (residential and commercial in one building). That would make nice lively streets.

It makes me so incredibly happy to see the message of Strong Towns and Biffa’s content combined into one video. I’ve been following Biffa since 2020 and discovered Strong Towns a couple months ago.

We got into Strong Towns in my hometown with development on the main street ages back and we're so glad of it. People were pushing to add lanes due to traffic caused by a new Big box store that was being built just outside town on our main street, but there are two roads (one to the north and one to the south) to use instead if you need to travel through town fast. The center of town looked like two long thin boxes stacked on top of one another with the five "main roads." All stroads, no foot traffic that wasn't drunk. They narrowed the main stroad and made it back into a street with wider, nicer sidewalks and space for bikes. [On the sidewalk, which isn't great but better than a painted gutter.] The two roads parallel to the main street were repaved with more lanes to soak up the traffic, with brush and hedges cut back for better visibility. While the houses and such are still there, when the curbs were redone they encouraged shared drives and corner homes to move their driveway to the side street if at all possible with some amount paid by the city and low-interest rate loans for the rest. We also got a 65+ apartment tower with street-level shops and public access parking garage where a small dead strip mall and grain silo used to be near one end of the main street [no train has delivered grain to that silo in my lifetime] and cheap loans negotiated for the main street shops to fix their facades up. The local bank went in on it since it was all guaranteed by the town. Something like 80% of the shops used the facade money to replace old signs, repaint, replace siding, and fix/add awnings. New signage had to meet certain aesthetic standards, painted and sculpted signs with lights aimed at them were preferred, but "historic or iconic" lit signs like the old theater's neon were cleared for a glow-up. The street lights also got an upgrade to LED lamps aimed DOWN at the sidewalk to be green and reduce light pollution. 10 years later all this means our main street doesn't have a single empty storefront despite world events and the Wall of Marts opening with its acres of parking. People walk around to do their errands and even to go out at night with the nice streetlamps. One of the new shops on the main street is a bike shop and they are doing great, got a nice city bike with a basket in the window. Nice crowd of seniors walking or biking from the apartment block to the Church, Synagog, or library as they do. One of the shops on the ground floor of that building sells mobility gear like scooters. They used to be off the county road with no sidewalk and 45mph traffic, moving there is probably the smartest decision that business owner ever made. The local mall has about 1/4 or so empty shops, and the big one half an hour away has been a ghost town since the lockdowns. Anyone who could do business outdoors had all the sidewalk they could ask for, and everyone else did curbside pickup with the new 45-degree parking that lines the street. Was it legal to put up a posterboard sign on a 2 by 4 held up with a sandbag saying "curbside parking for XXX only, please don't honk more than once" in front of your shop? Yes. Were any fines issued? Only the one business [because there is always one] that tried to put up six of them. Nobody defaulted on the loans, and even with the cheap rates the town still made money off their cut of the interest payment. Strong Towns works, and it pays for itself in increased sales and property tax. Though I will mention - the city owns the power plant. City utilities are a good chunk of the revenue for the town, and that's why the local bank was willing to make the deals.

Biffa plays Cities: Skylines with the 'Strong towns' mod. Top work chap

This made me realize one of my city's long-time trouble spots for traffic is a big stroad.

Ideally, where possible, I would sink the road by at least a meter (3 foot). I will reduce noise and make the pass-overs for the pedestrians and bikes a bit lower and smaller. It worked quite well here in Paris, France with the Peripherique as an example.

It makes me so very happy to see the discussion of stroads and an example of a conversion to a road here in Mississippatea. I've been following Biffa's content, Strong Towns, and Not Just Bikes for a bit over a year to two years now. I'm hoping that ST and NJB will notice this episode! 😇🙏

The results here are beautiful, but never in a million years would a small town in America agree to have its primary commercial street destroyed like this. Absolutely never. The American way would ALWAYS be to build a highway bypass around the town.

That turned out amazing!! Big fan of Strong Towns and Not Just Bikes! Now that the stroad is now a road we can made extremely walkable/transit focused streets for downtown! I think by Strong Town's definition that's make it a "Place" for people.I think the idea is that roads to meant to get to walkable human focused, rather than car, Places.

I was watching a documentary about stroads a few weeks ago. Apparently they're to blame for the high accident rate in American towns and cities. They're too fast for people using pedestrian crossing, drivers pulling out onto them etc etc.

As an American (USA) born and bred who has visited all 50 states, lived in 6 of them, and served as a city manager for 30+ years in 3 states I have never heard of a "stroad" except as a humerous amalgation or as a grammatical flub. Still learning! Great shows by Biffa. Keep 'em coming. A happy suscriber and rare commentor.

You can actually get pedestrians to use an elevated path/ramp to get to a tram stop if you put one end of it on the tram stop (in the middle of the road). Using node controller, you can then make the path thinner so that it only overlaps the median of the road, and it actually looks quite good.

Love it! Stroads are the worst. A few things I was thinking about. 1) The U-shaped pedestrian bridge in the middle, couldn't it just be the same shape as the other two? Except that it doesn't cross the main road? There's space for it, inside the new bicycle path you added. 2) There's some free space for more commercial zoning near one of the pedestrian bridges. Three squares deep. 3) Is the subway entry now better off, if it faced the other "new" commercial street? Details, I know. But just seems more logical if the stairs out of the subway came out on the new commercial street? 4) As the park on the right side (when entering the city from the highway), now is almost twice as big (as you removed half the businesses on the stroad, the one's on the right side), maybe one or two places inside the newest city area, there could be a few cafes or smaller shops, inside the park, on the road that is nearest to the WIS™ (Wastly Improved Stroad)? Just to get more business back replacing the ones that had to go to improve the road? As always, great episode. Going to check out the two books you suggested!

One huge problem I notice right away: if your Stroad is the main east-west thoroughfare for your autos and trams, there IS NO main north-south thoroughfare providing access between the southerly neighborhood and the northerly one. That means ALL traffic with a north-south component to their motion has to turn onto the Stroad and back off of it!! Provide a contiguous north-south connection, either with an at-grade intersection with the Stroad, or with an overpass flying over it. That will decrease the traffic on the Stroad--especially the turning traffic--dramatically. Cheers

The size of the concrete slabs needed to create that underground bikepath look ridiculous. Surely there must be some other more realistic assets available for tunneling? This looks like a WW2 bunker :)

Love to see you featuring some content from Strong Towns. I'm a big fan of their work, as well as Not Just Bikes, City Beautiful, and a couple others. The stuff they discuss inspires a lot of what I do in my C:S builds. It's pretty standard for collectors in my cities to be completely empty of any zoning, and instead have long expanses of roadside detailing and the occasional plopped building (usually underground metros). It's actually very helpful for traffic management and makes for a nice aesthetic.

Re: the traffic stopping at the nodes where the BIG road transitions from 4 lane to asymmetrical; you should check the node type in node controller. You want them to be “bend” I think which will make them act like a “middle” where traffic doesn’t stop and there’s no crossings, but still gives the nice visual of the median gradually changing width.

This video will get notice by not just bike channel,someday

Biffa just went full CPP mode with all this theorecrafting and explaining of road hirarchie/planning aspects LOL

Great video Biffa showing how to carry out an effective conversion. I too used to have stroads in my early cities but I now tend to set up gridded areas of streets surrounded by main roads. I have nothing at all zoned on the main roads and have a roundabout in each corner joining the main roads together. I have pedestrian paths over the top of the roundabouts and over the middle of each section of the main roads getting people from one gridded area to the next. I play vanilla so can’t use Traffic Manager but I remove lights from all junctions and use asymmetric roads to get traffic in and out of the gridded areas off the main roads. Seems to work well from a traffic point of view.

I think the Stroad to Road conversion was a great success and a big improvement to the traffic in the city. The one main thing I would have done differently is that I would have changed the part on the south side of the (st)road. You removed a lot of shops and only added them back on the north side. On the south side you have a lot of room which is now mostly a park. I would have changed the area slightly, moved the park paths more to the south and added another road in for shops between the park and the former stroad. Basically mirror the north side. With that done I would probably have changed the bike path to run through the park. Or I would not have added a bike path at all and used the roads with the shops for bikes.

Enjoyed hanging out in the premiere chat. You should do this more often or perhaps start streaming cities skylines?

it was a great improvement, removing the trams. Why did you move them 'Up" into the suburbs? all the residents gave unhappy faces. you could move it "Down" to the nature strip where you added the bike path . looks like it would fit really well!

This is incredibly cool- not only does it show off a lot of good design for cities skylines, but it also makes a lot of the strong towns design ideas immediately click in a very visually apparent way. There's a difference between hearing or thinking "Yeah, separate out pedestians/bikes from cars! Of course, don't make roads a destination!" and actually *seeing* it, and how it can be done. Gives me a little bit of hope for us here in the states.

I would recommend a barrier behind the shops bordering the stroad.

Nice episode again Biffa! Tip: watch videos from the youtuber "Not Just Bikes". He's a Canadian living in the Netherlands, vlogging about why North American road design & urban planning s*cks so much. Really great videos with a humoristic tone to them. As a Dutch transportation scientist I can recommend his channel very much!

Thanks Biffa! I discovered why my main roads where so ineffective to reduce traffic, my city is working way better! I had to many stroads, and before this video, I had everyone doing their business on the main roads!

The intersections on the road formerly known as stroad where a left turn is involved, could benefit from the asymetrical 3/2 road you have used on different parts of this same road. Traffic flow would improve even further :)

The main problem is that you have an arterial road functioning as a collector, but without enough roadway connections (which would ironically mean that traffic was distributed across all three lanes, meaning traffic light changes would be more frequent and there would be less queueing). Either commit and make lots of connections, or none/with ramps only. Refacing all the shops away from the road makes the tram stops/tramway placement less useful.

@17:48 You can't turn off the crosswalks there. Then the pedestrians are trapped because of the tram stops. You need more walking access in and out of the tram stops.

I’m currently reading the first strong towns book and it’s fascinating! I also follow notjustbikes, city beautiful, and citynerd, who are all fantastic resources for understanding the flaws in american city planning and how it can be fixed. Now, if you’re planning on making your city a realistic american city, keeping the stroad would definitely tie in with the realism and highlight the some of the traffic problems that show up in irl stroads. But if this is more of an idealized american city, then yeah getting rid of the stroad was a good idea.

Loved every minute of this- you are an amazing commentator. I have become obsessed with Marohn's work on North American urban/transportation design. It put a name to the things I've hated all my life but never even knew what they were. I'm considering joining Strong Towns as a member because I have never felt so strongly about any sort of cause before. Stroads and car dependency are disastrous on every level, and I seriously dream of living in a place where I'm not forced to drive literally everywhere. Time to get Skylines back out and put all this to the test myself!!

TIL I learned that the road I live on is actually a stroad, which really does explain why I hate driving on it. It's nice that the cims are civilized enough to not park in bus stop spaces or randomly double park right next to an intersection, because people IRL do both of those things and good grief is it just the worst. If I lived in Mississippatea, I would be over the moon with the mayor's dictator-like implementation of these new zoning and construction policies! (After I got over the fact that my home had been destroyed and re-oriented, of course.)

On other good addition resource is "not just bikes"

Amazing. I was just watching a video on this thinking "it would be cool if Biffa or CityPlanner would do something with this concept in game. Thanks!

At 25:00 the dedicated turning lanes mean that you are halving the capacity of the junction to process traffic. Better to have RIGHT and STRIGHT-ON sharing a lane. Lane mathematics works at junctions too.

Biffa! It’s so great to see Strong Towns principles put to work! 👍🏻 I love it!

Just had to do this one of my cities. Great tips and works so well to reduce traffic.

biffa you're the man for referencing strong towns! Bravo with the work done in this video. Getting rid of that stroad was the only suggestion i had for your build!

Another Great book is "Sick Cities" a 1965, yes, 1965 book by Mitchell Gordon on a similar theme, albeit with slightly less focus on transport and more on social mobility and other associated socio-economic issues

Great work! I can't help but think connectivity between the two halves of the city would be improved with a couple of low-speed flyover streets crossing (but not connecting with) the road you've been working on in this episode.

Great video Biffa!! I loved the Stroad to Road little explanation. One thing I noticed is that you left zoning disabled in the zoning adjuster mod, so every road u built after that had no zoning available. U´re the best!

You should get some proper elevated pathway mods with stairways and raised railings to really complete the look. Love this series!

My current city uses semi-Stroads very successfully, which sounds weird but it works. The main roads are large 6 lane roads (sometimes with bus lanes), with bridges across the road rather than crosswalks, as few intersections as possible, and office zones on the sides. In my city, cars are heavily discouraged and public transit and walking routes are everywhere, so the offices which typically just create civilian traffic now only create pedestrian traffic which can travel using the bridges. The main roads have the inner lanes going faster for people who just want to get from one side to the other, and the outer lanes are uses by whatever few trucks, municipal services, and cars that need to pass through and enter the buildings, and the bus routes; most of the offices are just only used by citizens who visit the offices on foot.

What a difference the changes made! Ive realised ive got stroads a plenty but this episode has inspired me to change them... nice one Biffa!

Come to São Paulo, Biffa! We have a bajillion stroads lol (many are uphill/downhill, too!), especially on poorer areas. The amount of commercial buildings on roads that are the only way to go from one place to another (which includes buses, you often see lots of trucks, too) is astonishing. That combined with the fact that São Paulo is one of the hugest cities in the world, the third largest if I recall correctly, people take hours to get anywhere. In my last job, I once took FIVE HOURS to get home on a particularly horrendous traffic day. And no, that job wasn't in another town/city lol. And no, I'm not exaggerating. I actually took 5:12 hours. :') SO I would say traffic in your CS is pretty chill lol

I love the "Lift 09m for Pedestrian overpass - 4lane Tram 0m" stream asset. It provides an overpass with access to the median and elevators down to the tram stop. Basically, it provides a tram stop + 4 lane tram road overpass + access to the median WITHOUT the need for pedestrian crossings. Be sure to place it with Anarchy turned on or the overpass may connect to the side of the road instead of be elevated.

Great job. The walking paths still provide the same access to those commercial zones from the bus routes and metro along the main road.

About the "issue" with tram stops in the center and people randomly crossing: I found nice "pedestrian bridges" on the workshop that also connect the tram median with stairs or an elevator. That way they can safely enter/leave the median and you can disable crossing on the nearby junctions. And a nice example for avoiding stroads can be seen in my home town in Germany: the main ring road has no traffic lights, all junctions are either below or above it (or smaller streets have a separate join/leave lane) and wherever possible they have moved it to a tunnel to avoid noise pollution and put a park in top.

I have way too many stroads in my current IRL city, I love this. I really hope that I see more Cities Skylines youtubers work on eliminating their stroads

nice eppisode! I would rezone the commercial zone behind the pedestrian bridges. I you use tram roads, I remember them also being used by pedestrians, so the one from the depod could be one like that. On the other side of the tram depod, where the hub is, you did some weird double pedestrian bridge/road thing. Where you removed the connection to the main road in the end, you could dezone the entire main road and make all the buildings spawn on the side roads (good for traffic and the eyes). Where you removed the commercial on the stroad you fixed, you could mirror the other side somewhat and build a commercial street with the big parking build in and keep the park in between the housing and the commercial with some of the fancy park/path items.

its a good thing i took a look at this video. i was watching city planner plays, and he has commercial builds all along his main road

Interesting take on the StrongTowns approach. I know this is just a game but I'm not sure this approach would be endorsed by StrongTowns. Yes, you converted a Stroad into a road, but it deserved to be a street. Think about it: Strong public transport, commercial district, connections between housing and offices. But it was all destroyed to move cars faster through the city. You've essentially carved an urban highway straight through the city!

It's a nice main road, but might be even better as a more limited access "semi-highway". The two roads I am not fond of are the two links to Spring Hills. I think that area could possibly be better served by access from the left and the right, rather than from the repaired stroad. You could possibly improve the road in the hemlock district and then provide access in that side, and then look at connecting directly from the hickory district road to spring hills. That would remove two semi troublesome intersections, increase traffic flow towards hickory district, and encourage the use of the road past your transit hubs. At that point, you would be looking at maintaining only the connection to Crest square as the only intersection in the whole flow. in the long run, it's why I mention semi-highway. This will be a key roadway towards the "right" side of the map, at least until you develop more highway connections.

I see you talked about mixed bicycle+ped paths again and using assets from the workshop that ultimately caused more problems than fix. But all of the paths accept both pedestrians and cyclists by default, the bike path only restricts peds from using it.

Huge fan!! I've been watching your videos for 2 years now. I'm a console player and watching you has really helped me understand how the game works. Thank you and keep up the great work!!

Ooh a surprise. Great timing. I have some traffic fixing to do and this was helpful to get me thinking.

Seems like you’ve started to build the way I do, though your tracks are bigger where mine are more modular. I call them “cells”, but not the prison sort. I did some experimentation and found a cell type that can be zoned with a singular type of rci, so you can just copy the cell and zone in whatever you need at the time without having to worry about how the connections will manage. Complete with metro connections, and interstitial spaces for services.

Nice you're doing strong towns stuff. I know safety isn't really a thing in C:S but from a safety perspective sharper turns at junctions are better, though it seems the US (and to a lesser extent the UK) rarely seem to truly optimise for safety. This is especially important with cycles and pedestrians crossing at-grade at those outer junctions or where they need to access transit (I noticed you left the buses on the road - but who really likes to wait by a loud smelly road for their bus if given a choice?)

16:00 those tram stops need access to cross the street, so those crossings need to remain or else the tram stops will be highly inefficient.

Great video, as always!

Regarding the cycle path alongside the road, that's actually a trick I picked up from City Planner Plays in one of his vanilla games... in the absence of the zoning control mod, putting a cycle path alongside the road has the effect of blocking unwanted zoning while at the same time improving cycle connectivity.

So you reverse the fronting of all the commercial and thusly force all the traffic to/from them onto a street that also serves the residential(which that 5×5 has a lot of intersection) and then also pump the tram traffic onto said street. So you switched one stroad which was equipped for medium flow into a street now a stroad that is far less equipped to handle the lode. Instead of taking the trams off the road system on Laurel there and adding a tram only road parallel in the nice newly created green corridor where the commercial on the south side was... Only Biffa would implement such a roundabout fix... But kudos on actually using a tunnel for the bike path mate! Cannot say how often I yell at my screen "no use a tunnel it would work sooo much better"!

Nice Video again. But what i think is this. You done a great job on your STROAD. although I do think a city's sort of have them as a result of time progress. In this case the stroad was kind of an exceptional case. I was the central crossing of the city and highway throughpass of on going traffic. Stroads can work if you use underpasses at crossroads for specific straight through. when having a stroad leveled they are trying to be every form of road and street at the same time, while never become a specialists in anything at the same time. Another way of dealing with this *Stroad* is using a stacked road above the shoping street. In this case the shops didnt had to be moved to another location, and the tram could have stayed serving twice as much of shops in the same spot. Perhaps try doing a video of stacked roads in a stroad fixing video.

Biffa's most popular videos is of New Tealand and the Fixing Your Traffic videos, I wish we could go back, I don't enjoy these videos as much as I enjoyed New Tealand. Edit: I think I started a war in my comments lol

I got round the tram issue by adding a section with 2 1way roads and a tram way in the middle, you can then add a connection up to the walkway at the end of the tram section, where it ties in with the road footpaths

looks really good! But you might want a few more pedestrian connections between the shopping street and the main road. Particularly near the metro station as I think they currently have to walk a long way round to get it

Hi Biffa! Enjoyed your episode today. I think it would be nice to turn the tram system into a lightrail system at a future point. You see it in many american cities and it is a good alternative to train or metro. There are also nice lightrail tracks on the Steam Workshop. Have a nice day :)

Biffa I like the road changes you made and I have a minor fix for you at time index 34:40. You have a building overlapping into the road you modified at that intersection. Otherwise everything else looks real fine. Also, I have been doing some research on Node Controller and find out it can also be used to adjust the nodes on paths, key walls and I think canals as well. Plus, I find out its good for making Dead End roads looking better too. You might want to consider trying it out in these areas as well.

Worlds colliding! I've read through the two books from Chuck Marohn over the past year, and its really interesting stuff. I've definitely learned a lot and have even applied it in my CS towns too.

I love this transformation, the structured technique you used was excellent, making this an easily replicated process!

Very logical. Wish I could do this on my console. Keep up the good work.

I had a busy street like that in a city with trams, what I did was build a pedestrian overpass, and then let the overpass have a way down the middle of the road where the trams would stop. Had to make the ramp smaller to fit, but worked like a charm

Lots of great changes in this episode! Keep it up!

Nice Video!

I have learned so much about traffic from Biffa. The Traffic god....

"Biffa stroad confidently into the game, making the necessary changes to enable traffic to run smoother." Yes, he did this... 😆👏😌

Great content Biffa! Super calming, thank you very much

Biffa, check the speed on the main road near crest square (where you edited towards the end of the video). The speed drops very slow and then speeds up again after the intersection heading out of town.

Strong Towns and Biffa at the same time is a hell of a good drug. Bravo

Killed it Biffa!

Apparently no one had this discussion with the street namers in my Canadian town. I grew up on a single block road that doesn’t even connect to the collector, just the collector’s collector (it connects to 2 “drives” that connect to another road, with mixed housing and commercial on the collector road). Alternatively, a few of our biggest arterials are streets, loaded with commercial businesses and single family housing. One street even just becomes a highway (not a massive freeway, just a more rural highway) as it exits the city. Looking at a map, there’s also the collection of crescents (that aren’t as they end on different “roads”), drives, way, avenues, courts, boulevards, and other random street ending tossed all over the place in nonsensical patterns. I feel like this definition of a street is this and a road is this has come after most of the roads and streets have been named.

Since the main road now has a median you can use asymmetric roads on the intersections without compromising lane count and help the traffic flow even smoother. Also a tip for the future, if you want to have some commercial buildings near a main road you can try adding service roads. Can’t wait to see how this city turns out 😊

[Late but i guess still relevant] Good that the irl problems are being tried to be solved like irl , wich is helpfull for the CS players that maybe study planning but havent really had much expirience with it

Nice Biffa .....was waiting for it

Another awesome vid. All American cities are covered with huge parking lots and parking garages. Please add those all over!

Thanks for the videos~

Interesting distinction between streets and roads. It's different where I live, streets run north-south, and are named after how many blocks away from main street you are. So East 6th street is 6 blocks east of main for example. Roads are also north-south, but exist for when blocks are later cut into smaller chunks, so if a new "street" needs to be built between say, 6th street and 7th street, it becomes 6th "road". Avenues and lanes are the same, except they run east-west. Boulevards and courts are ones that run diagonally.

Never thought I'd be happy to off work with a bad back, thanks for helping me heal biffa ol' chap.

It's true that people will walk a long way to cross, but the game will take its time matching jobs to people after the connectivity is severed (in this case it wasn't really that connected before, but in a more normal, non-US, space it would have been). As a rule of thumb, one elevated crossing every two blocks would have been paramount at a main road. In CS one every couple is more than enough. In the future this road might be repurposed again back to a main attraction with unique buildings and whatnot, and replaced by a tunnel directly underneath it.

Lots of garbage trucks coming from the industrial area and get into the main road. Maybe you can adjust a service road for them to reach the other side of the city and ban them from main road.

Never heard of strode or whatever its called. Interesting concept. Great episode! awesome changes. I'm sure besides the one person who was going to a shop as it got deleted, everyone is happy!

Oh man, my city is stroad central! I've managed to make it work with decent public transit, lots of ways to access the same locations so not all cars need to go the same way, and relocating some things that were major attractions. Could be much better but it does work. I have very few traffic backups across the city.

The best thing i saw to deal with pedestrians was to have the junction at ground and effetively a cycle and pedestrian raised roundabout. Obviously, the direction of travel wasn't controlled, but it was a much simpler solution than having loads of pedestrian crossings breaking up the flow of traffic or a space eating roundabout. This was for a dual carriageway at a junction with residential areas either side. I mention this because it would work at the ends of the stroad where your T-juntions had the crossings removed.

Biffa...*slow clap* wasn't expecting that title!

This was great. 👍

19:20 Biffa "Now the other elefant in the room!" Ah, now he will fix the trees in the middle of the road... "The Trams!"

Been waiting for this day, Biffa, ever since.

I do have stroads in my city and it's really annoying.... I mean... MY REAL LIFE CITY!!!!!! 🤦‍♂️🤦‍♂️🤦‍♂️ Amazing video, I'm addicted, your commentary is just so fun and perfect, and I'm learning a lot watching you. It's Awesome!