The unique Spanish of Gibraltar 

What do you make of Llanito? Let me know below. And go to ground.news/robwords to stay fully informed and see all sides of every story. Save 40% off through my link to get unlimited access on the Vantage plan for one month only.

I am a Texan who has spoken both English and Spanish all of my life (60 yrs). I am quite used to what we call "Tex-Mex". Spending time in Gibraltar in 1984, blew my mind. I did not identify Llanito as a language but as a European version of the Tex-Mex I knew so well. The accents, though, blew my mind and really through me for a loop. Before the brain tumor, I had a gift for both languages and mimicking accents and the Gibraltarian version just seemed so incongruous. It makes so much more sense now. I have enjoyed most all of the RobWords videos I have seen but this one has been a special pleasure.

Actually, Americans use both cilantro and coriander. We use cilantro when we are using the leaves. The seeds are called coriander.

French infiltrating old English after 1066 came to mind when hearing English being used for government/education/technical words in Gibraltar as French was for judicial/culinary/fashion words in England. Rob, you’ve taught us so much!

As a Puerto Rican, Spanglish as we call it is a particularly popular dialect for us for the obvious reason that we are an American territory. The historic diaspora to the NYC area and more recently the Orlando/central Florida has preserved a lot of Spanglish (with many American colloquialisms). Some of us will either code-switch (e.g. “no tengo el numero de tu cell” / “llámame when you get home y te lo explicaré todo”) or we’ve just straight up incorporated American English into entirely new words: janguear (to hang out), parquear (to park, as in a car), parqueo (parking), or the bit more crass come mierda, which directly translates to “eat poop,” but shares a similar linguistic origin to the American idiom of someone “thinking their s*** don’t stink,” aka extreme arrogance or cockiness.

I'm so used to hearing people switch between Latin American Spanish and American English that it's a bit of a shock to hear people speak in a language that sounds like someone switching from European Spanish to European English 😆

Is this language the correct answer to "English or Spanish?"

Our Spanglish isn't just code switching either. We have words like "el parking", "la troca", "confleis", etc and use a lot of English filler words, most prominently "so" instead of "así que" or "entonces", and we also use the phrase "te llamo pa'trá". The only thing distinct about Llanito is its use of British English in place of American as far as I can tell.

I would argue that Andalusian Spanish is more predominate in the New World, not Castilian due the large representation of Andalusians who immigrated. It's similar to why Cantonese is more prevalent in the world's "Chinatowns" and not Mandarin. Most of the disapora are from Southern China.

Having grown up on the US-MX border we also have a lot of calques, anglicisms, and code-switching. Te llamo patras, and fuera de orden are present, as are words like marqueta/mercado coexisting and taking on new meanings--where marketa is a place, wherease mercado is the broader market. Dona (donut), baika (bike), troca (truck), aseguranza (instead of insurance), and verbs like watchar, to give a flavor. Educated speakers can switch to formal Spanish and English. I very much remember, Hey, watcha, a qué bathroom, dijo la teacher, que us, no podiamos go? By the way, Mexico is in North America, and in Latin America, but (perhaps with the exception of Chiapas from a linguistic point of view) not in Central America.

Puerto Ricans also say "Te llamo pa' tra'" (without pronouncing the final "s" too). Different linguistic ingredients, same results 😮

Unrelated to Llanito but I saw it in the video... never in a million years the connection between Buckaroo and Vaquero has crossed my mind, as a native spanish speaker, it's hilarious but also mind blowing lol

Manuel Enriles looks like a hybrid of Jack Black and Mandy Patinkin.

This is literally how everyone in Miami speaks. And it’s not code switching because even people who were born and raised in Miami who are not bilingual will still use words from both English and Spanish. It’s like they heard other people code switching and just learned that as the only language they know.

Dear Rob. I was once in Miami and I heard a woman with strong Colombian accent tell her grandson "Mira mijo sube la window que me esta pegando mucho wind en la face". In Venezuela we use "chatear" (chatting), "brohder" (brother or close friend), "Hon rohn" (home run for baseball), "Macundahles" (Mac and Dales for luggage or stuff) and many other words that have the correct meaning like coffee break and full. There is a children's poem that goes like this "Pollito chicken, gallina hen, lapiz pencil, boligrafo pen".

Incidentally, for coriander, Spanish has both cilantro and coriandro. And in English in the US, cilantro only refers to the leaves, while the Spanish cilantro can actually refer to the entire plant.

6:59 I don't think I agree that this is different from what many "Spanglish" speakers do. Many people I know who here in California lack vocabulary for many words in Spanish, so they always have to reach for an English word for many ideas. That sounds a lot like what you're describing. I do think people from fancy Spain may not want to accept that they're doing the same thing that many many new world Spanish speakers do in English speaking locales.

I think the main difference is Spanglish is mainly from a variety of Latin-American spanish and American english, while Llanito is Andalusian Spanish and British English. Latinamerican and Iberian spanish have loads of differences including grammar likewise their english counterparts but in principle spanglish and llanito looks quite very similar to me. Some on the examples presented in this video actually exist also in Spanglish like "te llamo para atras' although in llanito version utilizes Andalusian accent 'pa' tra'. BTW I hope the map showing Mexico as the door from central America refers to that is indeed the bridge for Central America and South America, acknowledging that Mexico is North America.

What I have seen is cilantro for the leaves and coriander for the seeds. It was on a cooking channel from Canada.

I'm Puerto Rican, born and raised in Massachusetts, and somehow I feel I've spoken Llanito my entire life

I hate to disagree with you Rob but Spanglish does include English words that have taken over the Spanish words. Now I understand that Llanito speakers might have some sensitivity because they want to believe that they have a very unique thing when it's just another example of something that has taken place in every shared space.

Virtually every example you give of ‘llanito’ happens in ‘Spanglish’ too. (‘te llamo pa’ tras’ for example.)

This sounds a lot like the way a lot of bilingual English and Spanish speakers speak in Southern California. You hear switching back and forth from sentence to sentence, or one word from one in a sentence mostly made of the other.

In Texas we are familiar with "spanglish". Typically, it's a mix of spanish and english phrases. You often here it when spanish youth are speaking to their grandparents. :) But I realized there's something else I would call "spanglish". It's when a native spanish speaker understands conversational english but doesn't have the spelling/grammar. My first experience with this was The Tamale Lady that visited my company. She had business cards that had the phrase "All Cains". I realized, phonetically, that would be pronounced, in spanish, as "kines" which is exactly how most Texans pronounce "kinds". Later, a second grade teacher friend showed me a paper written by her "prized" student. At first glance, it was mostly gibberish but, if you sounded out the words using spanish phonemes, that kid was very bright. It seems like Llanito is a nice mixture of both of these language melding phenomena.

Just a funny example of our Southern California Spanglish. I heard a friend say to another, “Levántame a las siete.” I pictured the first man raising his friend off the ground in his arms-until I did a mental literal translation into the English phrase, “Pick me up at seven.” Oh😊

It sounds just as we speak here in Miami. We mix Spanish and English exactly like that all the time.

Reminds me of a few Indian friends in London, and I absolutely LOVE hearing them speak with their parents - it's a kaleidoscope of Punjabi and English bashed together at breakneck speed. They sound like birds chirping its so vibrant and beautiful sounding.

Miami speakers will say they “turn off” a candle and, less tolerable for me, they will refer to the ground outside as the “floor”.

I lived in the "Tex-Mexi-plex" El Paso/Cd. Juárez area in the '90's, and [E]spanglish was quite common. We would say things like "Tienes zapatos muy nice" & "Estoy diciéndole que he is working hard". It was fun to hear and speak. 😂

Spanglish variants usually also do those things you describe as examples of why llanito is not like that. Llanito technically is a kind of spanglish, but just like chiac in Canada it's a native mixture. That is the bigger difference.

In Northern Ontario, similar to Spanglish, we have Franglais. I wouldn't consider it an actual language though because there aren't any standards in it, people just make it up as they go. My aunt is hilarious to listen to because she flip flops between using the English word and the French for something so frequently that you'll hear both in the same conversation. One of the big ones I've observed is that people who speak the horrible Franglais do away with the -ing at the end of English words they use and put an -é instead. Drivé instead of driving and the like. I hate it, lol, and my whole family speaks like that.

"I got down from the car." Makes sense considering the dimensions of the average American SUV monstrosity people tend to drive through inner cities these days.

6:44 As a native of the Lower Río Grande Valley, Texas, USA, I have to respectfully disagree that the “Spanglish” spoken back home (locally called Tex-Mex) is more than just code switching. There are instances where syntax from one language is used for the other, new words born of both languages are also used (washatería for a laundromat can be found as far north as Houston; I’ve seen a hot dog stand in San Antonio called “El Weinacero”; etc.).

This seems very similar to US Spanglish, which linguists insist isnt a separate language because the speaker jumps back and forth between the two.

Llanito is a language and even as a quirky mish mash of English, Spanish and several others ... it's worth preserving, because it gives a different viewpoint, and because linguistically I want to see where it goes - which is why it should be taught to the young, and not just preserved, but allowed to change

I grew up in southern Arizona. We had something similar called Spanglish. “No problemo, yo tengo four wheel drive, bro”

Spanglish is not all about code switching. To say Llanito is different reeks of European exceptionalism. As a Spanish person living in America, born in PR, I can confidently say in Spanglish there are many English words that are essential and have replaced Spanish words. For example, mapo in PR means mop, unlike in Spain where it’s called a fregona. There are many, many examples of this. Spanglish may also use the English construction of a sentence. Saying “te llamo pa tra” is a good example of something you’d say in Spanglish, so it’s not a great example of what makes Llanito unique. I say this because I don’t deny Llanito’s history and classification of a language. I just think Spanglish is also just as interesting, particularly varied depending on the country of origin you’re from, and is essentially equivalent to Llanito. No need to lower its value so that Llanito speakers can feel special. They’re both cool languages.

"Te llamo pa tras" and other uses of "pa tras" as the English "back" are quite common in "pocho Spanish" (Spanish from the US)

There's also Germlish: "Die Kuh ist über den Fence gejumpt." - heard from German immigrants who'd been living in south Alabama for some years. 😊

In Nuevo Mexico, we call it _spanglish_

The Australian term Jackeroo (a cowboy) comes from Vaquero/buckeroo, although a cowgirl is Jilleroo instead. I had no idea till recently that the term had come from vaquero at all.

Ha! I've visited Gibraltar a few times as a Royal Marine and always loved the uniqueness of Gib. I loved how people people had names like Dave Gonzalez or Juan Smith! I remember being at Devils Tower camp and walked past a couple of the Gib Reg guys on the front desk, I walked past them once and they were speaking to each other in English, then the second time they seemed to be speaking to each other in Spanish, then the third which seemed a mix of Spanish and English.

Not only in Gibraltar, also Cal-Mex border and at least mid-southern California too. My students would ask, “When is lonche?” for lunch/almuerzo.

Do you know what the difference is between an alligator and a crocodile? The crocodile is one that you see in a while, but the alligator you don't see until later. 😂

Dale has the same surname as the USA"s Secretary of Transportation, who's father's family is Maltese. It's neat to see that connection.

There is another hybrid language here in the Philippines, specifically in the Zamboanga peninsula (southwest region of Mindanao, the largest island). It is a quirky combination of Spanish and Visayan. This is because the country was under Spanish rule for over 300 years, and Visayan is one of the more widely spoken dialects out of the 170 we have in this archipelago.

Castillian Spanish isn't what's taught here in the USA. Grammar, perhaps, but not the pronounciation. For instance, we don't say "therVAYtha", we say "serVAYsuh" (cervesa-beer)

Very interesting. Rob, you would probably be interested in taking a look at Taglish (Tagalog + English). It isn’t code switching at all either - we mix these two languages into a seemingly seamless dialect.

I’m a history ball and I believe language is an integral part of history. Keep up the good work as I love watching all your videos.

As someone with a Spanish dad, a British mother, who lives in Alicante, but has a flat in Belfast. Well Llanito is something that's interested me as it's like my background without being my background. And I couldn't find much on the internet so thanks for this 😊

I know a fair bit of english and un poquito de español, but jumping from one to another in a split second makes my brain stall.

Another time one of my kids was saying .. papá My toy is all "brokado" 😂 (broken+quebrado)

Llanito seems rather similar to le Joual in Canada :3 it's considered "improper french" but has remained a widely spoken language across Canada

The OG Spanglish. A different form is used in America. “Hey, dude, hand me those chingaderos over there, let’s get a boorrito after this ‘yob “

You should check the english influence in Menorca too. They were english just few decades, but english lexic penetrated the Menorcan day to day life. (Mostly in sayings and alocutions): For example: BORD is a tray (From BOARD) A farmer will say: "OCS OCS" to induce the "OX" to plow. But the ox itself will still be called "Bou" (Like most catalan dialects) On a fight, someone turned an eye BLACK to someone else. In Menorcan, he turn the eye "BLEC" to the other guy.(But the color is still "negre" in any other situation). things like that...

Something interesting I found is that the pronunciation of the Spanish part of Llanito sounds more like Spanish from South America. This makes sense because Gibraltar is located in southern Spain (Andalusia), near Seville, where the first ships set sail during colonization. This could explain why their pronunciation doesn't use "ceceo", which is common in central and northern Spain and is one of the reasons people consider Spanish from Spain different from Latin American Spanish. But I don't know, don't quote me on this 😅

You forgot to mention all the hand gestures that Llanito also apparently requires 😂

The linguistic phenomena Rob uses to justify Llanito as a language are exactly the same that occur in any variety of Spanglish. The example of "llamar pa'trá'"(with or without /s/) is what speakers of Spanglish say in the US, or even in border Mexico. Even Spanish-speaking newcomer immigrants who don't know English use it because that's the norm. The difference here is that Llanito speakers have given it a different name. That Llanito speakers don't see it as Spanglish is garden variety British exceptionalism. As someone pointed out, it is a patois, on its way to a creole (I would add), if it survives and continues to diverge. Oh, and just to reinforce, Mexico is North America.

I've heard "llamar pa'trás" being used by latinos from Florida.

Was so delighted to see this video! My sister was born in Gib in 1968 and I spent months there. My mother and sister, who live in southern Spain, go there often. Since I speak both English and Spanish either alternating or simultaneously, it never seemed odd to me. The first thing we ever heard this in Gib was a woman in a pharmacy telling us how to make some herbal tea, speaking in English, instructing us to boil some water in a "saucepancito" For a moment we stared in astonishment, surprised to hear her say this, a way we've spoken since the early sixties! As for it's difference from "Spanglish", I think there is room for both and what it's called in any given location is not important. In Gib, they call it Llanito. Elsewhere, something else or nothing at all. It is a natural thing when you grow up speaking two or more languages as my sister and I did. Her first sentence was "dame (DAH-may) light" - literally "give me light" because she couldn't reach the light switch. Thanks for this fascinating glimpse into life in Gibraltar.

Rob is like: “It’s like Spanglish in Puerto Rico but is not the same because I asked the Llanitos and they said so” Hey Rob did you happen to ask anyone from Puerto Rico? Because every Llanito sentence that you used as an example I’ve used with my friends and family in Puerto Rico.

"Hey, Mexico! You hear about that British guy in Gibraltar? He's saying you aren't North America anymore!

In Miami they are no😮t Code switching. CHECK THIS OUT ROB - Miami has officially been declared as having its own dialect - a mixture of Spanish grammer or as you mentioning saying common Spanish phrasing in English. You dont stop by someone's house for a visit. People say in Miami instead, "I'll pass by your house tomorrow " They aren't just doing a Jersy driveby. They mean to stop to come in for a visit. So I would have heard them in a shop in London and thought they were from Miami 90% of people today in Miami speak like this. By the way my Cuban Grandmother moved to Miami pre-Castro. She loved the US even before the revolution. She taught herself to speak English, had a huge vocabulary, though heavily accented. Cake was Caki (as you would pronounce the Spanish "i" vowel - but it was because she instinctlualy want to pronounce every letter in Cake, Make, Take, Bake... I guess she wasnt alone And ALSO in Miami people walk up to you and assume you speak Spanish and start speaking to you in Spanish. Im first generation on my dads side but my mom was from NYC - we all - including Papi, spoke English at home. In fact my family like was basically the old I Love Lucy show. Mom was a funny Lucy, Dad a suit clad Ricky Ricardo. So I lean into English outside of Miami. But here, where I know I will be understood I slip into the common spanish words abd phrases used as the best way to see say it, I do pass by my friends houses in English. Or say "¡Coño Hijo!" when the other driver cuts me off but no one can hear me but me. ALSO BTW at my doctors office No One Speaks any English BUT the bilingual doctor. No one. Theyre answering machine and texts messages are in Spanish. One day I asked Walgreens to speak to an English speaking pharmasist - they told me to come back tomorrow as No One in any department at any level - management included spoke ANY ENGLISH other than "Tomorrow come again."

I live in California and every example of Miami English I've heard here a million times. Some I've even said myself at times and I don't speak very much Spanish.

Point of information: In the USA, Latin American Spanish is taught in high schools. It is also the variety spoken by most university professors. Some professors speak Castillian, to be sure, but I would guess that almost no high school teachers do. We border on Mexico and have Puerto Rico as a territory, so there is little motivation for most Americans to learn a minority dialect from across the ocean.

Arizonan here. We totally mix up Spanish and English all the time! Sometimes I actually can't remember what language I'm in...

I am Mexican-American and grew up in California. Most of us speak "Spanglish", I don't see any difference from how Llanito is used. It isn't always code switching. Works like "parking", "truck", "printing" are used as in English or Spanishized as in "el parking", "la troca", etc. We also say "te llamo pa' tra'", "te llamo", or "get down from the car". Their examples are not unique to Llanito as it is also a part of Spanglish. None of the constructs, grammar, and usage presented as Llanito are any different than Spanglish. Spanglish is an identity marker for many Mexican-Americans and Chicanos just as Llanito is for Gibraltans, it would be hard to understand the Mexican-American community and history without Spanglish as Spanglish is the story of two cultures and languages merging together into one. Spanglish has a long history of over 100 years and has been used in poetry, song, and used in Spanish TV commercials. It is an integral part of Mexican-American and Chicano culture. It is also a "class thing" because of its association with immigrants. Perhaps a visit to Los Angeles could help you understand Spanglish better because it is not solely about code-switching. Luckily for us, Spanglish isn't dying. Btw, Mexico is not Central America. It is North America. Central America begins in Guatemala and Belize.

0:38 - My sense of Gibraltar is that as Kaliningrad Oblast strives to be more Russian than Russia is, and Calais under Henry VIII strove to be more English than England was, Gibraltar strives to be more British than Britain is. It's a kind of defiance when one is a tiny exclave surrounded by a huge territory of another country (or, for Kaliningrad, two other countries). So, expect to see a LOT of British nationalism such as on the mailboxes, phone-booths, and flags.

The state of New Mexico in the U.S. is very similar regarding language. Much of our Spanish combines Spanish, English, and the local Indigenous languages. It would be interesting to compare notes!

Has a Chicano I am accustomed to listening and occasionally speaking Spanglish myself. Ultimately we will all be speaking something similar to what's predicted in Blade Runner

This was a particularly exceptional ad transition Derecho is another wonderfully descriptive spanish word for a meterological event!

Very interesting...we humans are NATURALLY PRACTICAL when it comes to communicating. I was raised in a town that borders Southeastern California, a Mexican State called Baja California, (better known internationally as Baja), and when I was a kid, thanks to English influence, I was thought and learned to refer to a pastel or a cake as a "keki", just as in Gibraltar's Llanito!!! Watch at 3:00. In both California and Baja the influence of English and Spanish, particularly on Hispanics is so evident on the way they speak, that when they use, but not mix English and Spanish words in a sentence, it is called SPANGLISH. ....In parts of Florida the same linguistical phenomena is called CUBONICS!

Hope you enjoyed your break Rob. It’s always a delight to see your videos pop up when I’m looking for something to watch while I eat dinner. Keen for the next Words Unraveled with Jess

"English or Spanish?" *Yes*

14:10For Yanito to assert itself as a language independent of English and Spanish, which is the right path, Yanito must seek unity with the TexMex dialect, with Statenitan Spanglish, with Papiamento,Mahonese,limonese creole,Talian, Sabir, Cape Verdean and in fact leave the nickname zone of English and Spanish mixed, behave as a truly autonomous language. It was a great video Rob 🎉🎉🎉🎉❤❤❤❤❤❤

Grew up in a literal Tex-Mex family, mom was from Mexico of Spanish lineage and father was Tejano from native American/Mexican Indian background, whose first language was Spanish. But as I entered grade school, learning English as fast as possible was pushed upon us with minimal to no preservation of both languages together. The subsequent mixed language, Spanglish, that we spoke amongst ourselves began to die off as a wave of immigrants from Latin America reduced the Tejanos/Chicanos culturally.

As a Californian, it’s so cool to hear the similarities between Llanito and what my local “Spanglish” speakers say

This was amazing, te amo llanito

Being a native English speaker who learned Castillan Spanish in school, I find this fascinating. I'd love to learn this language, too!

One of the most fascinating of all the fascinating videos from RobWords!

In New Mexico, we also have "te llamo para atras" and also "do you want to get down from the car?" Plus ca change plus c'est la meme cosa.

In American English, cilantro and coriander are two different parts of the same plant, and they have distinctly different flavors in seasoning. Cilantro is ideally used fresh while coriander is dried.

a lot of second gen immigrants to english speaking countries speak "minglish", which is english seasoned with words and phrases from their local language, or vice versa. english as a language is a mix of so many languages, it lends itself exceptionally well to carrying non-english phrases.

What a delightful addition, Rob! Thanks.

This is similar to what happened in New Zealand.The discouraging of speaking Maori in schools meant that the language nearly died but is now making a strong comeback.

I've heard many people from New York whose parents are Puerto Rican say "Te llamo pa'tra". In fact, nothing from what they've said in Llanito was anything from what I've heard in Spanish. I understand this is part of their identity, but it is not that different from what is happening on the other side of the Atlantic. However, I found it really interesting to know about this!

Is this a living example of how Norman French and Old English merged to create Middle English? It's fascinating and made me realise I do similar with my family - my mum is Ukrainian and we use certain Ukrainian words when speaking with my family. I don't even think about them and find that I'm able to express myself better.

Due to the influence of the Internet and the lack of words for new things, in Italy younger people are starting to speak in a way that is kinda similar to llanito in that it integrates English words (even made-up ones, believe it or not). It's obviously not as radicated as llanito since it's not a thing that is native to us but it's a practice that's gaining popularity only recently. Ever since the modern IT technologies began to be widespread, we've integrated related English words such as "computer", "mouse", "cloud", "monitor", "screenshot", "meeting", "call" etc, some of which have literally no equivalent/alternative in Italian. And during the pandemic we invented a brand new English expression, "smart working", which refers to working remotely from home - I have no idea why, I guess English words just sound professional and cooler whereas their Italian equivalent may probably sound verbose and much less impactful. People who are online 24/7 will also use English words or phrases like "anyway", "i guess", "yep/nope" and some others, in a sort of code-switching way. Which I personally find irritating.

Was cool to see you around Gib, good promotion of the unique of the place this 😁👍

Y "el rufo me likea"? "voy a parkear el carro". That's not just code switching. I suppose both are dialects, just with differences, which I'm really really interested in learning.

8:00 How could you miss Nueva York? =D

Siempre me ha fascinado y me provoca risa que los Angloparlantes Americanos piensan que todos los Hispanohablantes tenemos el mismo acento generalmente Mexicano y usamos las mismas palabras latinas en España que alli😂

Loved the different content, delivered in your usual great style!

In Mexico we have added many English words and expressions to our vocabulary, It used to be that we recognized Mexican-Americans, or Mexicans who lived near the US border by the English words they inserted in regular Spanish sentences, or the new words they invented to follow Spanish grammar, like saying”parquear la troca” (park the truck) instead of “estacionar la camioneta.” We used to call this being “pocho.” However nowadays there is so much more code-switching everywhere in Mexico, and at all socio-economic levels, due to television, globalization and the internet. We can hear sentences like « qué cool » instead of « qué bien/qué padre/qué chido » or “relax” instead of “relajarse” etc. This has also become a sign of status, because people who go to private schools or have more money, tend to have better English classes or travel abroad, so code-switching becomes a way to be understood by their own circle and not by others. It's so interesting how this used to happen when the English elites used French to not be understood by the “domestiques” and now this is done by the elites in Mexico, but with English. 😮 I actually live in Quebec, Canada, and this phenomenon of code-switching and creating new “anglicisms” has existed for generations, but is still being fought against by linguists. In order to preserve French vocabulary, new words that come from English and are even used in France, have been invented in Qc to make them sound less English, like “magasiner” instead of “shopping” or “clavardage” instead of “chatting” Languages keep evolving and we are more and more aware of it nowadays 😊

This resembles how many Caribbean Hispanics in NYC and other major U.S. cities talk, but with a British accent lmao. I’m Dominican and I’ve had conversations just like this with my NYC born sisters.

Interesting video Rob! Thanks for making it😀

You are correct, Rob, I was yelling at my screen, "It's just Spanglish!" With Spanglish, words are used randomly depending on what words come to the speaker's mind. So I wonder how Llanito chooses which words go into a book. How is it codified?

Heyooh welcome back! Took you long enough haha.

Toujours passionnant MERCI

This is super fascinating! Also-it looks _so_ beautiful there!