To anyone who has been to Greece, and especially to those who have not, the little bit of land available to farm, produces the absolute most delicious fruits and vegetables you've ever eaten.
A year ago I attended a six-month online course at the Kapodistrian University of Athens on this subject. What is stated in the video is absolutely correct and matches 100% with what I was taught in university. I subscribed to your channel. Thank you very much for the effort you make and the knowledge you share. I am 72 years old and I am very interested in prehistory. Studying and learning is how I keep my mind and soul alert. (sorry for my english, I use machine translation)
@@HistorywithCyThe Alsótatárlaka ( Romanian: Tărtăria ) tablets are three tablets ( ca. 5500 BCE - 5300 BCE ), reportedly discovered in 1961 at a Neolithic site in the village of Tărtăria ( Hungarian: Alsótatárlaka ), in Erdély ( Transylvania ), Alba ( white ) County, Romania. - wiki On the basis of radiocarbon-dating, Hans E. Suess, an American chemist, established the age as 7500 - 7000 years, in other words 5500 - 5000 years BCE. Since 1966, there is a more accurate method, dendrochronology, which utilizes tree-rings in dating, according to which one has to add 700 years to every tree-ring for each find, which is older than 3000 years. According to this method, our tablets are 8200 - 7700 years old ( i.e. 6200 BCE - 5700 BCE ), the product of an already developed system of writing. - The Mystery Of Tatárlaka ( Tărtăria ) Part 5. By Klára Friedrich Kornél Bakay, in his work entitled: "Őstörténetünk Régészeti Forrásai" ( Archeological Sources Of Our Ancient History, Published: Miskolci Bölcsész Egyesület 1997 ) gives an overview of the time-frame of cultural history of Europe and Asia from 10,000 BCE to the beginning of our era. He dates the finds of Tordos and Tatárlaka to 8000 BCE - 6000 BCE. - The Mystery Of Tatárlaka ( Tărtăria ) Part 2. By Klára Friedrich Based on the account of their discovery which associates the tablets with the Tordos-Vinča culture ( 5700 BCE - 4500 BCE or 5300 BCE - 4700 / 4500 BCE ) and on indirect radiocarbon evidence, some scientists propose that the tablets date to around 5500 BCE - 5300 BCE, predating ( ca. 2000 years ) Mesopotamian pictographic proto-writing. - wiki The Tordos ( Erdély / Transylvania ) Neolithic settlement was first explored by Zsófia Torma ( 1832 - 1899 ), the first Hungarian archaeologist, in 1875. In 1908, a similar cache was found during excavations directed by Serbian archeologist Miloje Vasić ( 1869 - 1956 ) in Vinča. - wiki Baroness Zsofia Torma excavation near Tordos ( present Turdaș, Romania ) she has found some 11,000 articfacts about 7,000 years old several of them wearing ROVÁS ( Székely-Magyar / Szekler-Hungarian ) or runic signs. They can be seen in the History of Transylvania Museum in Kolozsvár ( Romanian: Cluj ). - Comparisons Between Sign-Systems In The Carpathian Basin And The Bosnian Pyramids By Klára Friedrich Hungarians in Romania are the largest Hungarian community living beyond the borders of the state of Hungary. A century ago, a Hungarian-speaking population of more than 1.6 million - i.e. 32 per cent of the total population - lived in historic Transylvania and other areas annexed to Romania after WWI ( together, these areas have since then been known as Transylvania ). - Office For The European Representation Of Hungarian National Communities "… it is quite possible that the Sumerians came from the Carpathian Basin and the Balkans in a similar manner. The linguistic parallels cited by Mr. Botos are impressive. The Tatárlaki Táblák ( Tărtăria Tablets ) have sadly been ignored by archeologists in the West." - John E. Dayton, London University Institute Of Archeology According to our present knowledge, the ancient inhabitants of the Carpathian Basin were the inventors of writing - concludes Géza Radics and, according to the archaeological data, he is absolutely right. - The Mystery Of Tatárlaka ( Tărtăria ) Part 3. By Klára Friedrich
Neolithic is one of the most interesting periods of human history (technically prehistory, but you know what I meant). Vast and fundamental changes to human society took place during that time. Thank you for covering this, Cy!
The Purple Dawn - Kronos - then Zeus reigned supreme. Polar Configuration. Clash of the Titans. 3000 B.C.E - Greeks wiped out by "Great" Flood.... most interesting indeed! ⚡⚡ElectricUniverse⚡⚡ P.S. Cy didn't cover any of it!
@JustGrowingUp84 Thanks, glad you enjoyed it! I'm relatively new to the subject as my expertise is more focused on the ancient Near East but I'm really enjoying researching more about Neolithic Europe. I hope to one day go into more depth and cover other regions of the continent. Thanks for watching, really appreciate it!
@@HistorywithCyI wonder how cooperative those villages were, or if there was a lot of infighting and pecking order rivalry. Your description of roads and town centers sparked my imagination big time. Learning those things using Neolithic archeological evidence seems impossible, but given human nature, the social dynamics at play in those early settlements as humanity developed must have been very fascinating. Were I to hazard a guess, it would be several leaders at the top of those societies bullied others to get along, with perhaps rival community heads posturing against each other and using squabbles to gain advantage. It's not impossible to imagine an exceptionally cooperative community forming as they braved the dangers of the day, but knowing how often things work now, it sadly seems unlikely. A fun subject to ponder though.
My grandparents were Greek. I often think of how cool it is that my ancestors may have saw all the beautiful ancient buildings and all the plays and philosophers
Just got done getting ready for bed and BAM. New Cy vid drops. Was having a shitty day and this just made it so much better as I’m tucked in starting to watch. Thank you for making THE BEST history content ANYWHERE. Much love. ❤
Thank you Cy for having make this video about archaic "Greece" because it's a topic that really intrigues me. Especially the later Chalcolithic fase that developed in the neighboring Balkans and the enigmatic Cucuteni Tripillian culture. I m sure you'll bring us many information's and give us - as usual - much to think and learn about . I m Happy-happy you started from the very beginnings of their evolution. You are the BEST! Let me come back from my vacations and I will buy your merchandise to support you ( could be the month after: I m going abroad and I don't know how much I will spend there...)
There is a small museum in the Athens airport that features a lot of Neolithic period discoveries (and other objects from various periods of Greek history) from archaeological excavations near the Athens airport.
Oh I missed that one. But one thing I love about Greece is that nearly every town I visited with over 100 people had an archaeological museum. It might have been two small rooms in an old house, but it was there! I was really impressed by this and can't wait to visit more towns and cities of Greece to discover more. Thanks for watching!
@@HistorywithCycould you do the city states like Opone and the macrobians or maybe even the Neolithic back to Africa migration of the natufian who split in two in Egypt with one going south to what is modern day Somalia and the other continuing west to what is now Morroco
It's really absolute speculation for you to characterize the development of agriculture as led by women. That is a theory and should be presented as so.
There's a theory I find interesting: the Pelasgians descended from Neolithic Greek peoples. The Neolithic peoples were probably not Indo-European speaking and Pelasgians might not have been either.
The theory that the Yamnayas are the Indo-Europeans is falling apart, so the one does not exclude the other. For the rest, you only have to read what the ancients wrote about the past.
Neolithic Greece is such an interesting topic! The sophistication of Copper,Bonze, and Iron Age cultures is astounding in and of itself; but, the Neolithic origins of those cultures and how they came about among Stone Age people is absolutely captivating.
Thanks! I hope to do more on the Neolithic period and European prehistory for the rest of Europe sometime in the future. Thanks for watching, really appreciate it!
I would like to visit Greece one day. There's so much interesting history and stunning geography there. Thank you for another excellent video! God be with you out there everybody. ✝️ :)
A couple important things to mention. First off when he brings up the obsidian trade the island of Milos was very sparsely inhabited at this time (if not uninhabited) and this trade route is believed to have spread far and wide since the early days of the neolithic. So whoever was going to get that obsidian can be assumed to be capable sea farers. Also as much as greece likely could have been home to the first farmers we dont actually know that for sure. It could have just as likely been the levant anatolia or even somewhere like the balkans. Also the east has their own areas of independent development of farming as well. The process of acheiving agriculture as we view it was almost certainly a patchwork process tho. Culutural diffusion playing out slowly over many generations of many different groups. Look into how the distribution of both the Venus sculptures and of genetic haplogroups matches up with the trade routes of the time and imagine how much change this would have caused in a world where a large percentage of people were stil hunter gatherers. At the end of the day we still have limited information on who shared what with who or who the true first cultures to make these advancements were but it does seem we are getting excitingly close to some big breakthroughs and that the roots of our culture go back far further than ever thought. Those venus statues for instance were being made for a crazy long time in a lot of distant places
Great video, wonder if you considered talking about Lerna and the House of Tiles for the Early Bronze Age or if you think it deserves a video for itself
Hi, that's a great question. I'll see if I can find a specific answer that I can quote but my understanding is its because archaeologists found the same amount of bones from large game animals at some of these early agricultural settlements as at earlier periods, and from this many concluded that if the men were still providing the same amount of meat, the women must have been involved in farming. Another is evidence of repetitive stress injuries that have been found on the remains of Neolithic women from the time (on arms, backs, etc) that may suggest the performance of repetitive tasks such as tilling fields or grinding grain. Also, anthropologists have studied primitive societies in our own time such as in the Amazon and parts of central Africa where the women are still more involved with agriculture while the men hunt and fish. Again don't quote me on this but that's my understanding, hope this helps. Thanks for watching, really appreciate it!
According to newer studies made all over the world, ancient hunter gatherers had an equal mix of men and women hunting, so it were not only men who hunted, gender based work roles came later.
This guys info is very much out of date. It seems he didn't read any research paper or book written in the past twenty years before making this video. Numerous genetic studies have proven definitively that farming came to Greece and Europe from people migrating from Anatolia and these people completely replaced the pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherers. There was no independent domestication of crops or animals. It happened in one location and was spread by migration because their crops and animals gave them a huge advantage and allowed their numbers to grow rapidly.
Yooooo I'm so behind on Cy videos but seeing this just got me so hyped to start catching up again! You've been dropping some really cool stuff lately (just based on the video titles lol) I can't to watch all of them keep it up man
Thanks man! Yeah there's A LOT more coming due to some end of the year trips I've been taking... a lot on Greece, Egypt, eastern Mediterranean lined up for end of this year, beginning of next. Stay tuned and thanks for watching!
The Greeks are some of the nearest or closest relatives and offshoots, substitutes, or placeholders of the early Anatolian Famere them as well as Persians, Italians, Spaniards, And Portuguese yeah.
@@RichardEdwards40I believe that they have some descent from EEF, but obviously loads from Zagros farmers and then later Indo Europeans, combined with some Middle Eastern lineages
I sometimes wish I could live like our ancestors did. Sure it has a lot of cons compared to the present, but I'd love to see the night sky as they did, and live a simple life based on needs, not wants.
I can't remember the source, but there appears to be indications that the transition to agriculture initially took place in the region of Northern Syria amd Southern Turkiye - on the hill feet near the complexes like Göbekli Tepe. I hope you'll make an equally lovely video when you find sufficient sources! Love how much the understanding of the transition into agriculturalism has changed since I was a child - I'm old, so a lot had happened! When I was a child my science fiction dream was having a portable telly - and now I'm watching this on my phone! Dreams do come true! 😄
The Egyptian delta was cultivated long before Mesopotamia, as early as 12 to 10 thousand B.C. This would be the origin of agriculture in the Eastern Mediterranean.
I am curious about the role that domesticated dogs played in this development towards the bronze age. If you have dogs you need less people to herd animals. They would give a significant boost to productivity.
That's a great and very interesting question. I didn't come across anything about it with regard to Greece while researching for this video, but I know that they did play a part in other Neolithic and even earlier societies in Europe. One day I'll do a deep dive in the more European prehistory and will try to look into this. Thanks for the suggestion and for watching!
Thanks, I love yours as well. I was actually going to leave for Egypt today but given the current situation next door I had to postpone my trip. Your videos are the next best thing to being there!
Good video. However, I understand that archeogenetics have all but confirmed that the Neolithic revolution came to Greece (and Europe more generally) through mass migration of Anatolian Farmers / Early European Farmers originating in Anatolia. They were subsequently replaced by Indo Europeans, at least in paternal lineages, but the vast majority of Europeans today have at least some and sometimes a lot of EEF genes. The closest population to direct descendants is Sardinia
Interesting, that's a good point. I need to read more about that as I want to learn more about Neolithic Europe in general. Any studies that you recommend? Thanks! Also thanks for watching, appreciate it!
@@HistorywithCynot a genetics expert by any means. Razib Khan (geneticist) has written extensively on this - he has a blog and opens up his older posts to the public. Tom Rowsell (Survive the Jive) also tackled a lot of genetics on his RU-vid channel, as does the author Dan Davis, who specifically covers the transition of Neolithic to Bronze Age.
Ah ok, I know of Rezib Khan, I think I saw an interview with him on Study of Antiquity if I'm not mistaken. I've heard of Survive the Jive but never seen any of that channel's videos so I'll take a look when I get the chance. Dan Davis History I know, great channel, love his stuff!
Nice, that sounds awesome! I'm hoping to visit some of the museums and historical sites in Turkey in the next few years and do some content on that. Thanks for watching and good luck with your studies!
World first cultures Lepenski vir, Starcevo, Vinca culture today Serbia. World first industrial revolution ca. 6000 BC. Bronze metallurgy. (BBC History news March 2010) Gordon Childe-The Danube in Prehistory, Jacque Pirenne-Agriculture at Danube Farming start about 6000 BC. Vinca First Calendar start to count years at 5508 BC. Farming wouldn’t be possible without knowledge of calendar. Both development started and developed together. Harald Harman about first cyrillic writings in Vinca culture in 5500 BC so 2000 years before any writings anywhere else on the world. Vinca Iron production 1400 BC. In today English language there is more than 2000 same or similar Serbian words. Names of the Balkan tribes: Pelasgians, Mycenaeans, Etruscan, Wendi, Illiyrians, Dardanians (Troy is here ,not in Turkey Homer wrote sea is freezing in the winter-Panonian sea), Moesians, Dacians, Tracians, Rasci, Celts, Scythians, Sarmatians, Arians, Sea People, Peleset, Philistines, Hittites, Bhrygians, Etruscan. Tribes spread in all directions all over Europe and Asia ……. Wild Greeks arived ~ 1000 BC from Egipt, Hungarian from Asia and Bulgariens from Asia they found culture on the Balkans, writings and language and they mixed with domestic people. 18 Roman emperors were born in Serbia because of Etruscan connection.
"The oldest of the bunch dating back to around 1300 years ago . . . " eh hem 1300 years ago they were using forged metals for blades and tools. You need to correct that. 2:46 min into video. WRONG! Perhaps you meant 13,000 years ago?
Χαιρετε. Σαν Ελληνιδα, θα ειθελα να συστησω, σ´αυτους που θελουν να μαθουν για την αρχαια ιστορια της Ελλαδας και οχι μονο, να διαβαζετε σε βιβλια οτι εχουν γραψει οι ΑΡΧΑΙΟΙ ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΕΙΣ. ΠΟΤΕ ΔΕΝ ΨΕΥΔΟΝΤΑΙ !!!!!!! ΠΙΣΤΕΨΤΕ ΜΕ.....
Hi! I know that there are but I haven't studied them. It's an interesting topic though. In the next video on the Bronze Age Cycladic culture I'm going to mention the island of Saliagos which back then was actually joined with what are today the islands of Paros and Antiparos but today is out in the Aegean by itself. I'm sure a lot of what was once there is now underwater. Thanks for watching!
Using geomythology and etymology we are stunned to see events and locations dating back to 23,000 BCE!!! Neolithic Greece represents a new start after the great cataclysm of Deukalion around 10,000 BCE following another one at 17,000 BCE known as the cataclysm of Samothrace.
Neolitic grece and anatolia were very different. Anatolian neolitic farmers migrated along danube river to european lands and removed l2 haplogroup Paternal Lineage Real europeans to north. They occupied all mediterrinean east europe. Than Yamnaya culture Paternal Lineage come to europe R1a and R1b haplogroup. So recent say greeks are not Real mycenian, they have mostly y DNA haplogroup E1V and j2 😂
Hahahha what did i just read? Neolithic Greece was colonisedd by anatolian neolithic farmers and caucausus hunter gathers in 3 waves from 3500bc to 1700bc, so there is no way their Halpogroup would be I2, thats exists only in south slavs today and not to Paleo - Balkaners (Greeks,Romanians,Albanians). Myceneans werent anatolians, they came throught Anatolia from the Middle east where they started and is not 100% sure that they carried the same halpogroups. Greek tribes entered Greece way after myceaneans and mixed with the locals. Both modern day Greeks and Albanians carry a mix of ancient anatolia, midle east and caucasus hunter ganthers so they are mostly of Pre - Greek, Pre - Illyrian origin. I love to see Turkish nationalist coming to talk about the greek genetics when themselves are mixed and closest to Arabs and Pesians than ancient anatolians.
Why isn't there a good video out there about the pre-flood civilizations of the Cyclades plateau? Yes, it was a land mass, or island, during the ice age up until the sea level rose in the Mediterranean Sea. Greece has been studying the area for a long while now, but I never see anything about it outside Greece. Are people too terrified that someone might call it.... "Atlantis" ? forbid that would happen.
Have you even looked? Because I just did a search of "Cyclades plateau" and found several videos about the subject. In fact, this very channel has done one. Are you saying that none of them are any good?
Professor Mc Alister 1927 Dublin University describes Neolithic framers as Dolichocephaly long narrow heads and long faced. there are depictions of Apollo in the delphi Museum of such faces.
Hi, thanks for the feedback... yeah several times in the past I've been told that I speak too fast, so I tried to slow it down a bit. This is something I need to work on. Will do my best to find a better balance in future videos. Thanks for watching!
Sometimes when i look at artifacts, like the mask one in the beginning, i wonder if theyre actually mistakes, like the person who made them was training...and just didnt do a good job or hasnt learned proper techniques yet lol. Or if they were just made by children. It seems silly to us for some strange reason on why they would waste time doing it for non important reasons, but...we literally do the same things today. We make clay creations for our kids and allow them to make them daily. And its not exactly hard to bake clay, so...why not is what i say. It would be neat to find out that mask was made by a kid trying to learn how to combine all the features of a face into artform, but still had some time to go to do it where it looks right, and not crooked. It would be neat to find out many of the non important things we do today has been carried on for such a long time. Like making simple drawings of faces , or in this case, etches. Using clay to make little figurines just for fun. I would love to hear that.
I loved it. dont wanna give anything away. I will say Dave Filoni is an excellent padawan to Master George Lucas. they only average like 8 episodes for a "season" at Disney. You have them beat in that department too!
Yeah Dave is great because he really respects Lucas and his vision, unlike... well, I'm not going to get into that here but you probably know a couple people I might be referring to lol). I saw the finale... I won't give anything away here but that last scene with Baylan... WOW!
I am always bothered by RU-vid videos that don't show the proper sea levels during the Ice Ages. The Aegean Sea is shallow in general and most if it was dry land during the Ice Ages.
Shallow? No. Many of the Cyclades and other islands were connected during the last glacial maximum, but there were deep channels between. We actually have a very good idea of the configuration during the last Ice Age.
casek6930 Although the time is takes for a seed to sprout is a few weeks, the time it takes for a plant to become edible and useable is way longer, so it is possible that hunter-gatherers didn't know that seeds become edible plants.
Great video, Cy. I hope you're planning on a video about the Early and Middle Helladic period, before the Mycenaeans, as I've come to a dead end regarding the entry of Greek-speaking peoples into southern Greece. If Proto-Greek was spoken in Epirus and Western Macedonia ca. 2900 BCE and Mycenaean Greek was spoken in Central Greece and the Peloponnese ca. 1650 BCE, when did the necessary southward expansion occur, and which phases of the Helladic period correspond to this shift from pre-Greek to Greek populations? Anyway, you've got a brilliant channel, carry on!
Hi, thanks for the feedback and kind words, really appreciate them. I'll definitely look into it. I'm not an expert on these topics so definitely want to research a lot more before I put something out, but I did visit a few Helladic sites a couple of weeks ago including Lerna and my interest in the period has increased tremendously, so perhaps a shorter video like this one may be in the works. Thanks for the suggestion, really appreciate it!
By that date we already have Mycenaean anactorial buildings so you can understand yourself that the notion that "the Greeks arrived to southern Greece at 1650 bc" is absurd...
The only way you’ll ever have any answers to your questions will be through (non-mainstream / politically weaponised) Serb / Slavic history, ethnology, etymology / linguistics, cults, archeology, etc... Lepenski Vir & Vinča are your starting points. Work your way up from there.
There wasn't any southward expansion my dear friend. Human is living in different parts of the globe like forever. Also remember that proper life conditions, begin from the places where life is easier to be developed. And the Mediterranean area allowed the development of civilization much earlier than in the Central of Northern Europe due to the last Glacier Period. Last but not least, there aren't pro-Greeks or...post-Greeks. There were Proto-Greeks and they developed language thousands of years before their first "alphabet" appeared (Linear-A aka Γραμμική Α). I can go on forever but it will take eons. Research and study more!
