Here in Mexico we have "The 3 stages of clothes". 1 stage: Buy new clothes 2 stage: When the clothes is been used a lot or don't fit anymore, we used like pajamas 3 stage: And the very used clothes we used like rag
you're missing an intermediate step between 2 and 3. When they're too shit to use as pajamas but "still in one piece", you use them for things you know will get them permanently dirty like painting the house ;). Saludos
One of the first synthetic plastics, Bakelite, used sawdust mixed with phenolic resin. It is a composite material where the sawdust is a cheap filler and the wood fibers add additional tensile strength.
are you sure about that ? Bakelite was I think, THE first ever plastic, a phenol formaldehyde resin. Horrible black, brittle smelly stuff, used in things like old timey telephones etc. once you smell it you never forget it.
In medieval England damaged old clothing would be left in water with a little lye to break down and then when there's a jelly like emulsion of fibres left it would be lifted out on a mesh and while wet a makers mark would be hammer into it with a dye {hence the term watermark} the then mix would be gently squeezes of most water and then left to dry, producing an extremely high quality parchment.
parchment is made of animal skins. also, the watermark isn't "hammered"into the wet paper. it is pressed with a roller. also, at the time, most paper was made of new linen fibers. wool was an unsuitable fiber, and cotton wasn't terribly widespread. and this was much, much earlier than the discovery of the process used to turn wood pulp into paper.
@@JohnLeePettimoreIII no that's vellum Actually it was usually a hammer at the time as they ere considerably cheaper No they weren't they were old linen, I never mentioned wool. If you're going to needlessly troll. Have a clue what you're on about 🤡🤡🤡🤡
We currently use laminated high pressure wood plastic composites as part of our machines because they are durable, easy to machine with common tools and fire resistant. Maybe this cotton plastic composite material will become popular as new applications are found for it.
15:25 What is interesting to point out is the recycle one change color as it reach it's breaking point. It goes from it's initial color to a light-grey color and just as it snap it return back to a darker grey shade.
The laser cutter you used, has some misalignment in the lenses, or the tube does NOT output a consistent round laser beam. Check all the mirrors and focusing lens for dirt or cracks. If everything is okay, test the laser beam shape with an acrylic piece thick enough, at low power, to see the shape of the beam.
Most lasers do not make a round beam that would be the older type or some of the CO2 or argon based gas tubes modern lasers are mostly a LED type device or you could say solid state.
One thing that would reduce the need to recycle would be to make durable clothing again. I still wear a shirt I got in high school in the 1980's. New clothing lasts me about 6-24 months, no matter where I buy or how much I pay. Fashion oriented people might be okay with disposable clothing, but for me it means wasting more money, time wasted shopping, and leaving a trail of polymer pollution in the form of lint everywhere I go.
Planned obsolescence: short term use items need replacing more often, making money for manufacturers and sellers of what amounts to trash. If all the PET bottles in landfills and the ocean could have been made once, reclaimed, sanitized and reused, we'd have enough bottles to last for generations, and the manufacturers would be bankrupt. So, manufacturers must be legally responsible for the full life cycle of every product they make, including all the steps stated above, or they'll just keep making single use trash no matter how bad things get.
@@JeremyNasmith Sadly, Planned Obsolescence (invented by "Uncle Sam" back during the 20th century depression) is still mandatory in so many countries (to keep the economies running). P.O. is a crime against the environment and humanity in general.
Thank you very much for this video! The problem with recycling of plastics is, that it is almost impossible to sort the wide variety of different polymers out, be it due to the lack of the knowledge of the customers, be it because different plastic layers are combined within the same object, be it because of the lack of different containers for PP, PET, PE, PVC, etc. Perhaps a slight help would be the addition of specific pigments with a unique spectral signature in the UV, or VIS or IR light, so that machines could sort (most) of them aautomatically out. On the other hand instead of burning the plastics, you could pyrolyse them (e.g. with solar arrays reflecting the sunlight to its reaction centre at the focal point) and distill the produced vapors to collect the various substances out of it like alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, etc. and the residues of charcoal mixed with S, Cl, F, ... and metals like Al, Sn etc. Landfills are the worst solution.
You know most plastic in the ocean is fishing gear 50% alone {approx} is fishing nets, something like 90% {approx} is fish related plastic items. Straws account for less than 0.05% Highly recommend seaspiracy
The fibers mixed with plastic remind me of melmac from the 50s dinnerware made of it is damn near indestructible. You could definitely make lots of useful items with this, and I'm sure that the process will be refined and improved for industrial production.
@LabRat Knatz I was wondering that too. It'll take a bunch of experimenting, but of they can make expensive things like Pelican cases cheaper I'll definitely buy some more of them!
@_____ it's not too hard to make a heated press or machine two piece molds like that if you're determined. Having one setup for a group of model plane enthusiasts for example would make a lot of sense for them all to chip on on.
@_____ it sounds like an incredibly amateur friendly polymer material. This is really kinda exciting, I'm going to have to try and follow the progress on this and maybe try to make some, or a similar material myself.
I think one day these dump yards will be very valuable. All the plastic and the smorgasbord of other fuels will be dug up and reused in perhaps a similar way to the way we use oil fields today. Nothing is ever waisted, it's just not always consumed at the moment.
The problem is that a lot of this plastic trash is from improper disposal and/or littering. I mean, I live in America which isn't the most environmentally-friendly place, and further a poorer rural one on the east coast. Guess what? We have state-managed waste management sites where you can take your plastic/glass/aluminum cans and toss them into a single container for them to all be recycled - as well as containers for cardboard/paper. Do you know what I routinely see when I go there? People taking empty cans/bottles out of their car, putting them into plastic bags, and throwing them into the non-recyclable container that is destined for the landfill. Of course, you're not allowed to do this - and they know that they're not allowed. They're just lazy/don't care.
The future solution for such a thing which isn't practical everywhere is advanced sorting machines that can identify and sort stuff as it goes through large conveyor belts, maybe going through several sorting phases since garbage can be messy. VERY expensive to set up such a thing and we don't have the AI database (of garbage) to identify many things in their many broken/dirty forms just yet but I think one day it will be possible. Where I live, our council/government doesn't even want to deal with garbage so they sold the garbage facilities off to private companies whom immediately made it quite expensive ($35+ per small trailer load) to bring garbage in. The result is more garbage ends up in the environment. Nobody seems to want to pay money to setup the facilities to correctly recycle this stuff, so instead we send everything to places like Vietnam, China, or Korea and let people sort through it by hand for what amounts to breadcrumb like pay! _(and lots of risk to the health of the people sorting this stuff out)_ I honestly don't know when humanity is actually going to really start caring about recycling and waste management; maybe it kills us in the end.....
For now the problem is that manufacturers have successfully lobbied to make such items destined as waste the consumers responsibility. If say one were to put enough pressure on them to use biodegradable polymers, you're striking the head instead of haphazardly slashing at the feet. I hear what you're saying though, and most products dont need to be in glass containers. As for aluminium, i dont have much an answer for that aside from what the other commenter said. I will say this though, recycling is a bit f a waste of time in some areas as the presorted materials often get sent to landfills anyway, and there are plenty of shady businesses that promise to take away you recyclables and properly dispose of them fpr a fee, only to drive them into the next county and dump them in the landfill.
@@nunyabisnass1141 Yeah I know all about recyclables being put into landfills despite whats advertised. That is also partly a failure of the government regulating such industries to ensure they do the correct thing, and even supporting recycling. BUT when your government sells off recycling and waste to private companies... there is little hope of change!
@@PRiMETECHAU i found out a looong time ago that government doesnt care about the things that we care about, they care about the next election and who can help them get there. Most of the environmental programs look good on paper, but in turn really just most the problem somewhere else.
@_____ i agree with using biodegradable materials as containers for wet storage, we had the technology 70 years ago, except at that time it was considered necessary to use plastics for food containers and shipping over paper and celluloid polymers, because plastics have a longer shelf life that also extended to shelflife of food, which during the cold war or just economic instability which was still very fresh in everyones minds, shelf life and storage capacities would be critical in smoothing out food supply flucuations if they could be stockpiled. But as that threat faded away, the convenience of petroleum based plastics did not and was already a huge powerhouse of an industry that no one wanted to let go of, and we as a society had forgotten about why we let plastics dominate as the default material. Also, thyosoi is wrong about there not being any natural decompser for plastics. Two species of bacteria have been found that can naturally break down plastics for energy, but they are unfortunately inefficient as these adaptations have only arisen within the past 15 years. In 100,000 generations they may be stromg enough to solve our plastic problem, but that could be between 50 and 100 years from now with no gurantees of anything. If ppl knew the history of technology beyond the industrial revolution of steam and what we developed as weapons of war to be more comprehensive, we might have the necessary maturity of voter streangth to so much more of what is wrong with our current approach to material sciences, but we are instead taught the sexy side of science, just like econnomics. In economics we are told how to make a lot of money without actually telling you how to make any money, instead its all personal management. Just as with environmental sciences we are told what the end result is, but no one is explaining how we got here.
I don't think it's actually possible to run out of places to bury stuff. Plastic ending up in the ocean or as pollution elsewhere is a matter of either lack of infrastructure or societal indifference, not something inherent to plastic or waste in general.
There are cities build on top of landfills, if done properly it can work. The only problem with landfills is when they are not properly made in respect with protecting the underground waterways, and if you are going to build on top of it, you have to do proper engineering because there can be pockets of gas that turn into holes . I don't know why people think just land-filling plastic doesn't count as a solution, while they still keep dumping on the ocean or sending it to poor countries, which is even worst. Heck, literally burning the plastics in a autoclave with a closed catalyst would do the trick (yes, that emits CO2, but it would be such a tiny amount of CO2, we still have fucking coal burners, heck literally burning plastic instead of coal would be better)
We in Israel recycle plastic bottles into containers for fruit. In every market you see sellers use it. There is 1 and 2KG container. It is thin yet durable enough to hold the produce. I often use it again as a small trash box.
can it be 3d-printed? essentially it's fiber reinforced plastic. sure, I don't think that it will be great for fine prints, but sometimes you just want to have something sturdy and use a 1mm nozzle (or larger).
I'm also a diving instructor in a technical diver. I saw the first example of that at the French and Spanish border where I saw Dead Sea for the first time and it was microplastics throughout the entire water column and nothing alive.
Plastic coated interlocking bricks for construction I think is the ultimate use. Rough surface for rendering and chemical bonding with glues. They wouldn't crack and they will be water proof and no rising damp. The bricks could be simply dipped in the plastic or sprayed with it.
Surely you just make the fibres from the fabric longer when you chop them up. Longer fibres might introduce a reinforcing effect which would perhaps make the materiel stronger?
Correction: there are bacteria and fungi who can break down plastic. However, they simply do it way too slow. Well, thank Green Activists. They spent 20th century advocating for more plastic use and less wood/paper use.
When i have a shirt that tears, i still wear it for a work around the house shirt. When it becomes unwearable, my wife turns it into a dog shirt for one of our pups. Our pups love wearing their shirts.
There are bacteria that break down plastics. And in the wild they are evolving to get better at digesting plastic. This was inevitable, and we can hope they get better at eating all that plastic, food for them. There are a couple of videos on RU-vid about them.
@@JohnLeePettimoreIII or lignin - a constituent of wood, which is really hard to break down; it took millions of years for the bacteria to "learn" decomposing this and even then it's a slow process as the depolymerisation is a gradual process and it takes decades until a single trunk gets decomposed naturally
As a chemist what do you think about chemical recycling, so seperating waste into its individual elements or some form of raw material like oil in case of plastic?
"anything into oil" is old tech now.. plastic, organic matter, etc. There is a plant next to the Cargill chicken plant here in Missouri that converts the waste trimmings into fuel oil.
@@demandred1957 I saw that technology make lots of science news articles years ago but I never saw it catch on. Every landfill was going to become a source of oil with the metals and glass separated out for added revenue. Every waste stream from almost every industry was going to be gobbled up. Years after these articles we still ship “recyclables” off to developing countries so it looks like they aren’t going to landfills.
@@froschreiniger2639 yeah, you can do that with the anything into oil plant. It's just not that economical. They get more bang for their buck turning it into fuel oil. all plastic is made from various oil feedstocks after all.
@@capitalistdingo yeah, the catch is the waste stream has to be fine tuned to work well. So they just can't dump a trash truck onto a belt and convert it. But if you can fine tune it like Cargill did with the beaks and feet, and whatever else waste they don't use it works brilliantly. The bottom line is exactly that though.. As long as oil is available at a *reasonable* cost it's far cheaper to just make new stuff than to set up a plant to convert stuff back to a feedstock oil.
The problem isn't that we don't have methods of recycling plastic. It's been known for many years that it's simply cheaper and more energy efficient to produce new plastic. So much energy was needed to make this. That on top of degradation of the materials during the process, needing MORE pure PP in order to even make it, etc.
Please don't change your accent! There's something very unique about it, that sounds very scientific to say the least! Learning something new from every video you upload! Thanks for giving it away for free! 🙏
He tried getting native speaker to narrate for him at some point, but he got a bunch of negative feedback. I like his accent because despite being thick, it's very understandable.
Two things; one we have bacterial enzymes that can decompose plastic over 48 hours, two there is ecology in plastic patches in the ocean that now solely rely on the plastic to live. The latter is why birds are often found trying to plastics. There are snails and fish that look like plastic trash.
Recycled pressed plastic has been used to make make composite timber for a while now. The problem with pressing and cutting is it's slow and wasteful, unless it can be injection moulded it makes more sense to use it for items that can be pressed to final dimension.
Would you consider making a video on plastic pyrolysis? This is a process that is fast, cheap and easy and does not require sorting of different plastics. Plastic pyrolysis creates a synthetic light crude oil and carbon. The oil can be refined into petoleum products or new plastics. The carbon can be reused or sold. Some plastics also release chlorine and sulfur which need to be managed. Although toxic, these products are also useful in industrial processes.
@@JohnLeePettimoreIII Of course. You would see that I mentioned chlorine and sulfur as hazardous byproducts. I'm sure there are other considerations to be made. That is why a video on the process by a qualified chemist would be interesting.
Plastics and other synthetic materials can be pyrolized into fuel. Plastics and synthetics are made from natural gas or petroleum products to begin with. Through pyrolizing/heating, they can be broken back down into the materials they were originally made from. This would allow the resultant products to be remade into plastic/synthetic or burned as fuel in electrical generators or boilers to desalinate seawater. They are a resource that is not being utilized on a large scale but is being done in some remote areas without other fuel sources.
There already are some micro-organisms and bacteria eating plastic. In fact, this is one of the discoveries challenging our current ideas on how fast can evolution take place. First examples of this were actually in the early 2000's with the CDR/DVDR eating fungus destroying out burned data (at the time nature seemed not to like piracy hehe)
Plastic is indeed a very versatile material, and quite recyclable, but the energy cost (which translates to money cost) of doing so is still much greater than just sending it to an 'emerging' country in which it will be mismanaged, and eventually ending up in the ocean
A solution to the trash problem is incineration with electrical cogeneration. It's not a perfect solution, but even if you believe in CO2 global warming, the incineration simply would replace emissions that would be made anyways. Pollutants can be scrubbed from the exhaust, which adds cost but is necessary.
What I do not get, and I would explore if I had more money, is why plasma processors are not focused on particular substances in order to implement processes of higher efficiencies. For example plasma processing focused on specific materials. A plant designed to process polymers, a plant that is focused on cellulose, tuned specifically to those, and other, substances. Specific focus will lead to efficient processing of materials into methane or syn-gas products which can be used in efficient fuel cells or polymer precursors. Like cellulose can be use for polymer precursors. While either can be used as methane for fuel cells which have have greater efficiencies than other methods of producing electricity.
Hello. I have seen a recent scientific study which shows the ocean has developed its own plastic consuming bacteria. There are also bacteria and fungus that can dissolve next to anything pretty quickly including plastics and chemicals.
Whether your hairbrush is sitting inside on table versus outside doesn't matter. You're still expending energy and further processing plastics and making a carbon footprint. It's like saying "no my soccer ball that sits outside in my yard isn't littering! Only the soccer ball that sits over there in a pile (landfill) is littering!"
Actually, A few months back I heard that a bacteria was found breaking down plastic in Japan. Unsure on the finer details, but you would be surprised how quickly bacteria can move to fill a niche.
Whatever happens please don't ever change your voice, it is the first reason I watch. There are many other reasons I watch too of course but just don't change your voice...ever.
There is a need for fence posts and star rails in yards and patios that if dyed properly could use up millions of tons of plastic. Just needs someone to make them. I have been using plastic boards as steps and posts for years and they still hold up just fine.
Dave Haskins started "precious plastics", but made it completely open source. It works. He now is in Portugal , and his RU-vid is "Project Kamp". Keep up the recycling!
It's in Copenhagen, Denmark. It's called Amager Bakke (Amager Hill) as well as Copenhill. It opened in 2017. It features a recreational area on top with a dry ski run, hiking trail and more.
if im not mistaken they already have found the solution to the problem of plastic, which involve high pressure and water i think?! and they turn it back into oil / hydrocarbur. something along that. they have also found bacteria capable to process plastic..
Waste sorting and the energy used in transformation are the economic challenges at the heart of this topic. Is it economically scaleable? Is it a complete solution? 'Many a slip between cup and lip'!
There are bacteria that can digest plastics thanks to a mutation in a gene that used to break down cellulose. But the problem is there's not enough of them to make a dent in the sheer amount of plastic waste.
@LabRat Knatz Reminds me. There was a game, a sequel to a cult classic game on the Xbox, for the Xbox 360 - "Steel Battalion: Heavy Armor." In it, a microbe is responsible for the crash of modern society by, "eating all silicon-based microchips." Now... The game kinda glosses over what happened to the billions of tons of sand, but... It was an interesting premise. We basically went back to WW2-era technology with modern day (and future) engineering/manufacturing techniques. A terrible game, however, since it was Kinect-only and half the time you couldn't do what you wanted to with the motion-capture (from what I understand, I never played it). Which is really disappointing since the first Steel Battalion came with this huge like 2-foot long game deck/pad to control your mech tank in.
@LabRat Knatz "For an amusing and accurate 'layman's take', I refer to George Carlin" Tend to agree. It's human ego and hubris to think we're having as much of an impact on the planet as some think, and even worse, can solve it somehow. I recycle, I don't litter; I exercise reasonable environmentalism. Not because I think it's going to solve the earth's problems, but because I don't like garbage on the side of the road and because it's cheaper to recycle aluminum than to mine and refine it anew which means my beverages are therefore cheaper. But when I see activists talk about how we basically need to stop human civilization and progress and bankrupt most nations to fight such matters... Come on... To think that humans are that much of a lone impact on the Earth and that we alone can fix it... That's just hubris talking.
In regard to plastic and clothing, my idea would involve turning the unrecyable plastics into bricks that can be used to build stuff. The clothing can be used as "filler" or aggregate depending on the engineering requirements for any given application. For example, a building will require different standards than a decorative fountain. As for microplastics, I guess we'd have to coat the bricks in something like epoxy resin to ensure the bricks don't erode and emit microppastics. That said, I don't know how much heat and energy it would take but this would be a relevant consideration.
@@krz8888888 but what if we melt glass and encase the bricks within that melted glass? Okay yeah, you're definitely right about first example... and this revised example is an exercise I'm madness. Even if it could be done without leaking microplastics, it would be no time before industry skipped and built the crappier version.
This material is perfect for factory applications. It's cheap, durable and easy to recycle. It would be great for hoppers, conveyors, bumpers, guards, signs, fixtures, housing covers, pallets, and boxes to transport material. Seriously, factories could use this material and other recycled materials that never really see the light of day. I dont see this being used for ordinary consumer products because it looks ugly, probably has varying properties from batch to batch, and is honestly not as durable as other specialize engineering plastics.
Its not the plastics that need to change, its society. Quantity douse not have a quality of its own!🤑 We need "Recycling prevention programs" reusable containers, eco friendly detergents, less consumption, less over packaging. "ONE GRAM OF PREVENTION IS EQUAL TO A KILOGRAM OF LESS RECYCLING" This self destructive behavior can be corrected by tracking consumption digitally on a personal level. We all have devices that can monitor and correct behavior, punishable with fines. Just because you have the ability to over consume douse not mean you have the right to overconsume. Recycling costs energy, if we prevent construction and implementation of disposable materials we will not need to spend more energy to repurpose those materials, over and over. Just a thought...................
I think you can make construction material like a board in shape of stones it's very expensive in my country But I think 🤔 if this is safe to the people with time and some heat ?
there are several types of physical "strength" that need to be considered. bending, compression, stretching, and twisting. each plastic has different properties that could make it better in different situations.
actually, birds ingest stones or any manner of items to take on the role of mastication in they stomach. If they can swallow it they can regurgitate it.
There's an interesting documentary about how those clothes end up in Africa and kill any chance of a clothing industry to take root. Clothing industry is one of the first industries to arise and are highly labor intensive (create a lot of jobs). This material may end up solving more problems than we think!
The problem seems to be the industrial moguls wanting to maximize efficiency while minimizing cost with the promise of passing down the savings to the consumers while in reality maximizing the mogul’s bonuses
An australian company has a patent on method where they put high pressure on plastics to the point that it breaks down into crued oil again. Only problem is the high energy consumption, which maybe in the future should we ever gain fusion wouldn't be an issue then anymore. Then again australia should have no problems with going solar energy.
Can you show us how to make homemade glow sticks, and what chemical properties is in them and are they really nontoxic, and why they never last long lasting just s short time like around 6 to 8 hours if your lucky? Are firefly's glowing butt glow with the same chemical makeup as them or different? If so what is it? Are the military grade glow sticks chemicals different or same just lot more concentrated? Also would like to know if dry ice would attract mosquitoes, like say you put dry ice on the other side of your backyard and you on the other will it keep them away and go to the dry ice since they find animals this way to get the blood from them or us? Try that experiment then add a used sweaty sock beside it because they are also attracted to the smell of our feet sweatier and smelly your feet the more mosquitoes will buzz around you and more bites, so I'm wondering if that will work? Might be a nontoxic solution for repellent instead of those nasty stinking sprays and stinking citronella candles?
Wonderful ideas . Were more of my neighbours , to recycle properly it would make it easier & would work . That leaves the collectors of said sorted garbage - the glass we seperate into colours , the collectors dump it into one bin . Other household rubbish , often gets dumped into one bio-bag , put into the rubbish bin and it goes from there to the dump , from which a creek exits , and a gas collection system has been buried , to flare off methane , which could be captured , for the city supply , instead it's flared off , 24 / 7 .
one of the biggest issues with recycling is the infrastructure. while only a percentage of the population actually sorts their waste products, this small amount STILL far outstretches the capacity of the recycling industry.
Thoisoi2 sounds serious and studious when you listen to his original speech. But the translator takes it to different direction, which appears like those standup comedian who keeps joking without smiling.
