Understanding Thermoacoustic Engines & Refrigerators (CZE Subtitles) 

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Not necessarily the case. However, it is possible to match the frequency of the piston to the resonance frequency of the system (resonator tube) to achieve optimal performance. This is known as lock-in or synchronization. When the frequency of the piston is close to the resonance frequency of the system, the energy input to the system will be most efficiently converted into thermal energy, resulting in the highest temperature difference between the hot and cold end of the system.

Most prototypes are used for research and experimenting and are not available for commercial use. However, in regards to sizing, total length varies around 60cm with the large diameter equal to that of the loudspeaker. But it could not yet compete with conventional units due to its lower efficiency and power losses.

The efficiency of a thermoacoustic engine is equal to the acoustic power (desired output) divided by the hot heat flux (required input).