Unexpected Discoveries On the Moons of Jupiter: Gas Cycles and Weird Glass 

My father, Gordon Schulz, was one of the founders of the company that made the data recorder for Galileo (Odetics). When Galileo launched, it failed to deploy its high gain antenna and almost cost the mission. Because the Odetics data recorder was re-programmable, they changed the mission and allowed it to use the low gain whip antenna for the mission. The mission was originally intended to last 5 years. After 5 years, Galileo was still going strong, so they decided to extend the mission. After another 5 years, NASA ran out of funding, so they decided to crash Galileo into Jupiter. On the final day of the mission, my father was invited to JPL to witness the final command to Galileo. If you visit the museum at JPL, you will see a full size model of Galileo on display. The Odetics data recorder was so significant to the mission, that they have a backup data recorder on a pedestal on display in front of the Galileo model. On a side note, also in the museum, there is a full size model of Explorer1, the first satellite launched from the US. My father also designed the transport mechanism for the data recorder on Explorer1.

With all the garbage science on RU-vid it is such a pleasure to watch your detailed and informative videos! Thank you Anton! You rule!

“Now, I’m not saying life… but I’m not not saying it.” You know Anton, it’s exactly that kind of dry delivery that keeps me coming back!

If life is found, it will allow the very first comparisons of separate evolutionary paths. Whether or not it springs from the same source as earth life, we will have almost endless opportunity to study! Not saying there is; not saying there ain't. Life that is. Thank you wonderful Mr. Petrov!

At this point, if we DON'T find life on other bodies in the solar system like the Jovian moons, Saturnian moons and Mars, that will raise a looot more questions about astrobiology than if we DO find it.

Wonderful as always Anton. Thank you. 🙂👍☺️

It's kinda surreal that extraterrestrial life may be confirmed within our lifetimes.

Sometimes I’ll play the video with my phone in my pocket, just listening while I putter around the house. But when I hear you starting to wrap up, I always pull the phone out just to watch you wave goodbye at the end. That goofy smile is adorable and infectious. And just to clarify, coming from me “goofy” is one of the very highest compliments.

Not too long ago they discovered that if you have volcanic rock, specifically obsidian, and percolating water then you have a natural way to create everything you need to build RNA as we know it. So the probability of finding simple RNA or even DNA based replication is relatively high if the right conditions are met. And it will need an energy source and expell something in turn. It's the jump to multicellular replication that we have no clue about. That'll take bringing the right tools to look for it and physically going there to find out.

Unexpected discovery on Europa! A large black monolith! ... Wait a minute. o_________o

Io and Callisto don't get nearly enough love. Glad to see some work that focuses on them.

I'm wondering if Europa and Callisto would be called planetary moons. Because they have volcanic activity and potential for life. I'm still hoping Jupiters moons do indeed have life on them. Kinda like our underwater volcano life.

Sounding good Anton! Hope your better.

Thank you for another informative video!❤️ Best wishes im glad you are feeling better... You are a wonderful person.

there's a spec on your lens or greenscreen and was driving me nuts thinking was my monitor xD

This is a really good episode. Thanks!

Thanks for sharing

Thank you Anton

I need a wonderful t-shirt.

Of Jupiter's moons, I always saw Callisto as the one that would be easiest to colonize. "Boring" is better, and outside the range of the worst of Jupiter's radiation, unlike Europa.

Thanks Anton

Interesting... Thank you

Why aren’t we getting more Juno coverage?

Hi Anton! Meet me back here in nine years so we can discuss Europa!

Interesting thanks for this one*

Super exiting cosmic news ,as always ! Grtz Belgium

I like to envision an alternate history when in the 19th century, once a powerful enough telescope was invented, it was discovered that Jupiter’s moon Callisto was in fact a giant golden apple. Hail Eris!

Hey guys... as I'm watching there are just over 4000 views and only 795 likes... I think this man deserves more likes for this excellent work.

Your picture of the Galileo probe is wrong. The main antenna never fully opened. It significantly limited the functionality of the probe. It was a very unfortunate design.

Excellent news!!

Cheers from the Pacific West Coast of Canada.

Another great episode!!

LAVA LAKE!!! That’s AWESOME.

Gas cycles and old glass. Sounds like Dad alright.

Hello wonderful person

Hello wonderful person.

Should have included the super high res close-up shots of Io in the video as you were discussing it, rather than those computer generated animations.

HEYYYYbitability

Every time I hear about findings on celestial satellites all I see is a future refueling and resource station for future space missions :)

What are the odds we might find microbial life on Europa?

Greetings from the Big Sky of Montana.

Calisto is a good spot to built a space hub in next decades

It's a cratered icy moon

Wow!

Crazy. I discovered Juno in Starfield today.

More likely water and ammonia are photo disassociating and the lighter hydrogen and nitrogen are being swept away leaving the heavier oxygen that has nothing to react with to accumulate.

I'm betting on Europa.

Imagine having something as large as Jupiter in the sky that close to your home body.

Great show Anton, if you want to understand Vulcanism just ask MR SPOCK !!! Have a great weekend everyone. PEACE AND LOVE TO EVERYONE ❤❤.

The moon Io reminds me of Mustafar from Starwars. Where Vaders castle were located.

Imagine ice-fishing on Callisto? We're gonna need a BIGGER BOAT?😳🦈

Lakes of Dragon Glass!

I'm tellin ya - They need to make a mission to Io that places a 24/7 live webcam into orbit around Io, and streams continuous, uninterrupted 4K/30 FPS video to Earth, which is broadcast live on the internet. That alone would create a massive interest in space exploration, to say nothing of it being a totally awe-inspiring experience to watch interplanetary volcanoes erupt into space on a distant moon half way across our solar system. It would quickly become the most downloaded stream on the interwebs.

Carbon dioxide HYPE 😍

Looking forward to new discoveries...but🤔😊

Nine years is a reach when you're 74.

Freeze pop has a cool song called the moons of Jupiter. Listen to it Anton! It’s pretty

2:04 there's also an exosphere around Mercury . . . they're almost the same size.

what temperature is the sulfur lava?

Trying to keep fit to see the results from Europa Clipper & J. U. I. C. E. Find moon's of Saturn & Jupiter fascinating. Just on off chance the powers that be are granting random wish lists . Couple less nukes & few more missions to the outer Solar System. Especially Uranus & Neptune & the moons that orbit them

It’s life Anton, but not as we know it……. Warp factor 5 Mr Sulu….

May the Fourth be with you

There is life on Callisto

Carbon Dioxide and water,... sparkling water ? Evian ! On Calisto

Darth Vader: If you only kneeew the poower of the Dark Energy!

1:01 It almost looks like an old Harddisk read/write head on one of those solar panels. Wat da frick is that? The antenna?

Fascinating. Let's see what else they can discover. 😊

👍🙂

Calisto IS the most likely of the Galilean moons to have life. The other three are too strongly affected by Jupiter's magnetic field, unless they have life that has somehow adjusted to this.

🖤🖤❤️‍🔥

Io looks like a New York style pizza with black olives.

This is not 'ice' ice, baby.

2.....

Greetings Anton! Interesting video. It would be positive if the Europa satellite could be reached much sooner than 9 years. Analyze those seas under their ice cover. And even more its grooves. If you could take a sample and take it to the Space Station to study.😊

Anton, something cannot be very unique; it is either unique or it is not. Unique - original, one of a kind.

Let's go!

Is it possible that the N came from ejecta from Earth after asteroid impacts like the one that wiped out the dinosaurs?

Going be a big problem for evilution

Bet that lava life is like starfox 64

It is pointless to resist

!remindme 9 years

Arrowhead Lake

Is Io's vulcanism 'hot', 'looks hot' or what?

May the fourth be with you

Hello wonderful pepple.

don't don't say it.

🙄🧐🤔🤗😊😉

Sounds like the whole planet is farting in our general direction! Sounds a bit continental for aliens, if you ask me..

Cant wait to bring from some moon a larva type alien that will wipe us all:)))

141th to comment.

Isn't life the most likely explanation for significant amounts of free oxygen?

IT IS LIFE JIM, BUT NOT AS WE KNOW IT

Man I really hope they can develop those nuclear engines so we can cut down those 7 years a little… at least for future missions

For space missions, I usually double the launch date reported by the mission administrators

I do have a question. How intense is the radiation being generated by Jupiter? Could someone give me a comparison so I could understand it when I Google it it I get lost because I'm cute but not very bright

There's hot stars and there's cold stars (maybe)

LIFE LIFE LIFE LIFE LIFE!!! I DON'T WANT TO BE ALONE ANYMOOOOOOOOOORE!!!!!?

To think that a lot of these discoveries being made by the Juno space craft were a result of a happy accident and near-mission ending problem. The original scope of this probe was to study Jupiter and do it by orbiting extremely closely to the gas giant. The would require Juno flying through the high damaging radiation belts on a regular basis as the orbital period was meant to be a 14 day one. This would have meant lots of mission data teasing out the mysteries of Jupiter's interior, how it forms the planet's giant magnetic field and study the progression of the storm systems. However, that meant that the mission only had an 18 month life span to collect all that data, because the effects of the planet's radiation belts would have eventually caused the failure of Juno's internal instruments and computers, despite being shielded. However, just a couple of months after arriving in the Jupiter system and completing it's first orbit, NASA discovered a problem with the helium valve fuel lines for the engine - seeing as they needed to perform an engine burn to put the probe into the much closer, science collecting orbit, this issue could have been potentially disastrous. Activating the engines with the faulty valves could cause a propellent leak or even an explosion, which would end the mission there and then. Mission management eventually decided to bin the super close orbits and keep Juno in the more eccentric, 53 day orbit that swung the probe over Jupiter's poles. Initially it was thought that though this change in plan would save the orbiter, but lead to a loss in crucial data collection for studying the polar magnetosphere, magnetic field and gravitational field. But as a matter of fact, this seeming negative actually turned into a huge positive for Juno. The longer orbit meant that it didn't fly through those deadly rad zones nearly as regularly, and it even extended the scope for what the probe would and could do in the planetary system. This mission was meant to really be a Jupiter first one, with only a couple of flybys of a couple of the Galilean moons (Europa and Io) to be completed before the mission ended. Now with this longer, sweeping orbit though, Juno could now study not just Jupiter itself, but it could visit those moons and Ganymede too, giving NASA the chance to get a closer look at moons like Io at a resolution not seen since the Galileo mission in the mid 1990's. All of the flybys of Io, Europa and Ganymede that Anton has reported on in previous videos and in this one, all occurred *after* the primary mission was supposed to have ended back in 2018. So I guess we can be thankful for a malfunctioning valve that Juno has become the long running and highly successful mission it currently is now. Long may it continue!

"...a really large gas cloud of carbon dioxide." Look. If it's not a methane cloud, it's not my fault. Just saying.

6:23 Habitability. :)