Using radioactive drugs to see inside your body - Pedro Brugarolas

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Investigate the science behind how doctors use radioactive drugs and PET scans to detect and diagnose diseases like Alzheimer’s and cancer.
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Is there a way to detect diseases like cancer and Alzheimer’s before they advance too far? Doctors are using injected radioactive drugs that circulate through the body and act as a beacon for PET scanners. These diagnostic tools can detect the spread of diseases before they can be spotted with other types of imaging. So how exactly does this work, and is it safe? Pedro Brugarolas investigates.
Lesson by Pedro Brugarolas, directed by Artrake Studio.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Liana Switzer, Maija Chapman, Pamela Harrison, Mighterbump , Beatriz Inácio, Robert Hargis, Soma Ali, Mark wisdom, Ai Ejima, Irindany Sandoval, William Bravante, Elizabeth Parker, Sai Krishna Koyoda, Therapist Gus, Samuel Barbas, Betsy Feathers, Victoria Soler-Roig, Pavel Maksimov, Barbara Younker, Cyrus Garay, Yvette Mocete, Mike Azarkman, Valeria Sloan Vasquez, Patricia Alves Panagides, William Biersdorf, Michael Aquilina, Kshitij Shah, Mohammad Said, Victoria Veretilo, Rebecca Reineke, Felipe Hoff, Kyanta Yap, Lewis Westbury, Ojas Kapoor, Mirzat Turap, Jaime Arriola, Emilia Alvarado, Javid Gozalov, Paul Beard, Deepak Iyer, Markus Goldhacker, Mihai Sandu, Keven Webb, Maurice Castonguay, Kristiyan Bonev, Maryam Dadkhah, Joshua Wasniewski, Michał Friedrich, Arlene Spiegelman and Doug Henry.

Опубликовано:

7 сен 2024

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Комментарии : 365

@BobMcCoy 5 лет назад

*All the respect to people that work in Hospitals!*

@babunking7401 5 лет назад

YES!

@jorunholm9060 5 лет назад

BabunKing why did you say ,,yes,, yerdk so bad taste yrderrrrrr kho

@thewormholetv7228 5 лет назад

Again you, go find some work dude.

@Tbarlow99 5 лет назад

(also the researchers and engineers that develop the technology)

@Baldoxxx4000 5 лет назад

But I dont respect the healthcare cost, ill cost you an arm an a leg or all your libs

@clingclanglarry3327 5 лет назад

Wait.... Hospitals have particle accelerators?

@drewfisher1619 5 лет назад

What's cooler is they are colliding electrons (matter) and positrons (anti-matter) and recording their energy trace. People are already finding application for antimatter in our lifetime!

@soudaminipanda1761 5 лет назад

I do amused

@strawman7428 5 лет назад

Soudamini Panda what

@Jordan_Dossou 5 лет назад

LOLOL that's what I said

@tuesdaywithanh 5 лет назад

Adithya Prakash Yeah, that's what I said

@naveenraj2008eee 5 лет назад

I wonder why these cyclotron was in hospital.. No body had patience to answer to my question... Now i got answer ted-ed.. Your way of explanation with crystal clear animation is very good.. Thanks for your video Ted-ed.. You people are educating us...😀

@Jordan_Dossou 5 лет назад

@LagiNaLangAko23 was that dark humor and a pun? Wow 😭 You're saying that of he waits, he'll get cancer soon enough...as 60% of people do. And that if he's *PATIENT* enough....as in a hospital PATIENT waiting for their pet scan, you'll find out🤷‍♂️ or am i just looking in it too deep

@thejesuschrist 5 лет назад

Modern medicine never ceases to amaze me! Science is the true miracle.

@arnavgoyal7952 5 лет назад

Jesus believes in science!

@sandrawong6787 3 года назад

Jesus you don't even need that.....

@bakrobertjohnston4889 2 года назад

Thanks Jesus very cool

@Liam.Johnston_ 2 года назад

Hello, Jesus!

@grainfrizz 5 лет назад

Nowadays, we have combined physics, chemistry, and medicine to save lives. We've gone so far. That's why I don't understand why there are flat earthers and anti vaxxers.

@razzvyberry4694 5 лет назад

It may be a combination of unhealthy paranoia combined with lack of understanding.

@FishoeShoe_da_great 5 лет назад

@@razzvyberry4694 I agree with you. That's why we need to educate our people more.

@razzvyberry4694 5 лет назад

@@FishoeShoe_da_great indeed, education is very much the solution, unfortunately, a lot of people refuse to look at thinks logically or accept that their point of view is wrong. It may be a bigger problem that we do take the time to try and teach people, but we hit a brick wall. I wish the word to be better, and being open minded is a quality that I feel is lacking on a general scale.

@PrinceKashyap. 5 лет назад

Don't live in past boys. Flat Earthers had long been dead. Now everyone knows science and let's engage in some serious stuff.

@razzvyberry4694 5 лет назад

@@PrinceKashyap. I wish it where that way. While flat earthers are hard to find and they barely even exist, not everyone knows science per say. Nevertheless, finding reasonable people is possible and it's much more fun to speak to someone who has the ability to admit they may be wrong and are willing to listen and learn.

@nsp6590 5 лет назад

Of course something as cool as a particle accelerator would also have a badass name ending in -tron. You don't wanna mess with the Cyclotron.

@lezhilo772 5 лет назад

It's got a younger brother called Synchrotron, which is even more badass! It is essentially what the LHC is, and enabled us to discover the Higgs boson!

@ismatara1260 5 лет назад

sounds like something from transformers

@hansypants 5 лет назад

Because they need to heal them in a flash.

@potatinator9831 5 лет назад

is this a reference to the tv show?

@safir2241 5 лет назад

Get out

@_Faisal_ 5 лет назад

What a 'dad' joke

@DonnaJordan1964 5 лет назад

Hahaha!

@unclekanethetiberiummain1994 5 лет назад

You've out there buying cigarette for 12 years dad. Please come back.

@masterimbecile 5 лет назад

Are you sure that's how Positron Emission Tomography works? Yep. I'm positive.

@insightfultoaster2965 5 лет назад

Ok google Can I delete someone's youtube account

@TinyMedicine 5 лет назад

Great animation! One addition. Why do Cancers take up radio contrast dye? because tumors have a rich blood supply and they consume more glucose/energy than normal cells as they divide fast.

@PrinceKashyap. 5 лет назад

But what if a normal cell consumes them up? A false positive?

@matheusribeiro8523 5 лет назад

@@PrinceKashyap. All cells can consume these glucose-based radiotracers but cancer cells do it in higher ammounts. You then look at the distribution of it in the body. If a region/spot is strangely "bright" in PET when it shouldn't be, that probably is wrong and you then you start thinking what it could be.

@PrinceKashyap. 5 лет назад

@@matheusribeiro8523 A'ight I got it. Btw, just checked out your channel, that's some amazing skill you got there. Nice presentation.

@charbelnakad7668 5 лет назад

Other Viewers: woah that's amazing... What is your opinion? Me: yes

@Rachel-ff3ze 5 лет назад

why do so many people on yt have your icon?

@salonisingh3972 5 лет назад

I've been doing a lot of research into particle physics and radiation (7th grade physics is boring) and I finally found a way to apply what I've learned. Watching a TED-Ed video always makes me feel great.

@justwinks1553 5 лет назад

In 1988 I was 12 years old and started volunteering at my local hospital. No one would explain these questions. Thank you so much. I have waited over 30 years for this very video

@MM-by6qq 5 лет назад

O Allah keep me and the one who read this comment away from those virulent diseases, and help those who have it💔

@diphylleia5069 5 лет назад

As a medical imaging technician, thank you for this highly informative video 😊👌💥

@aguuuung08 5 лет назад

hello fellow medical imaging technician 👋🏼

@diphylleia5069 5 лет назад

@@aguuuung08 Hello colleague! 🙌

@PrinceKashyap. 5 лет назад

Hi Seniors!👋

@OmarChida 5 лет назад

All the respect to you and to the working team on these amazing videos.. All thanks to scientists and researchers who save our lives ❤️

@GAMEOVER-yy6zj 5 лет назад

We don't even know the name of scientists whose inventions made our day to day life luxurious, but we all know about useless historic political figures. General awareness should be based on basic sciences not based on who was whose father.

@OmarChida 5 лет назад

@@GAMEOVER-yy6zj I 100% agree ! Well said.

@Haburg 5 лет назад

Back to back videos. Another reason not to do my homework.😁

@nafrost2787 4 года назад

I use this video as research for a school job

@abbieq11 5 лет назад

I never heard of particle accelerators in hospitals until earlier today, so this was just on time!!

@zeawesomepug7193 5 лет назад

Personally, I think the animation is one of the best parts and pairs very well with what they teach in the videos.

@codmaiden5393 5 лет назад

How in the world did someone come up with this or even the CT scan machine??.... How!???😕😵 CRAZY RESPECT TO THEM!!🖖

@drink15 5 лет назад

CODM Aiden what’s crazy is the things that are possible that haven’t been invented yet.

@clopensets6104 4 года назад

Yes...It takes a lot of ingenuity to incorporate such high-energy phenomena into medical applications. Props to all the scientists that made such a revolutionary detection mechanism possible!

@suirahplanogemo3407 5 лет назад

I love how ingenious this technology is. The sheer amount of time and effort required to create such a system must have been monumental. Well done, everyone involved.

@Ali-yr3eq 5 лет назад

And in process of gaining wisdom from humans we develop more humane nature and methods. They in turn make us empathetic and compassionate. That’s why we have particle accelerators at hospitals; because of the wondrous curiosity that lies within the brains of wondrous beings called humans and their desire to do good for their fellow beings. Thank you Ted ♥️

@mehulgrover3848 5 лет назад

Hey there

@rainylight6268 5 лет назад

My questions have been answered by watching these videos, and I learn new information. Thank you Ted Ed!😀

@charbelnakad7668 5 лет назад

Ohhhh... So that's how Ben Ten's watch works

@azrafrahman8456 5 лет назад

Pew News.

@charbelnakad7668 5 лет назад

@@azrafrahman8456 no seriously no

@azrafrahman8456 5 лет назад

84÷6=14.

@azrafrahman8456 5 лет назад

174×62=10788.

@charbelnakad7668 5 лет назад

@@azrafrahman8456 ohh ohkayy

@devins7457 5 лет назад

What an interesting video covering a question I never knew I wanted to know. Love this channel.

@bobstickman4480 5 лет назад

Love those quotes at the beginning

@delcreme 5 лет назад

Bob Stickman they really get you thinking and wondering, i enjoy them too.

@nazzzirismail 5 лет назад

I have no idea about any of this but I Love The Relaxing Voice

@poweroffriendship2.0 5 лет назад

*Plot Twist:* The accelerator is actually a Hulk serum.

@tosanesoko726 Год назад

This is the Juncture where Physics, Chemistry and Biology meet.

@siva-ok9qk 5 лет назад

The Power of Science and Technology in Constructive Way... 🎆🎊🎉👍

@shivamtayde07 3 года назад

Today my physics teacher taught us about cyclotron and recommend us to see this video! It's very interesting 👍

@stormysamreen7062 5 лет назад

0:21 that is so satisfying to watch except the person who has cancer, of course.

@judyjohnstone1809 5 лет назад

Exactly! Mujahid Syed

@yna480 5 лет назад

Hi There! Have A Fun Time Scrolling😊😊

@asnek2527 5 лет назад

I've seen 3 tracer comments already, no i don't

@DecemberGalaxy0 5 лет назад

Hello Ted-ed, I am a native Arabic speaker, and am looking forward to enhance my language support onto any of your videos; unfortunately and for some reason these aren't enabled for community contribution ,any reply about that? thanks in advance.

@claeab255 3 года назад

My mom was having a PETscan while I was watching this. She has traveled melanoma under her right armpit and they're trying to find the original tumour. Thankfully, survival rates for traveled melanoma are above 90%

@siddhantkamble291 5 лет назад

Oh finally I understand something about cyclotron.

@RakeshSharma-dl7sy 5 лет назад

Last few videos were not as good. But this one is completely awesome. I was just waiting for a science video. Well done TED-Ed.👍

@bigdickmcgee3293 5 лет назад

I love how that doctor is smiling at that persons brain tumour like "Yeah this is fine."

@batman_2004 5 лет назад

Wow, never thought hospital house a partial accerlator! Thanks for this, this is truly awesome.

@blackmanfatess9629 5 лет назад

But I am already tracer.

@stormysamreen7062 5 лет назад

Um, to "accelerate particles" amirite?

@francescpuig7278 5 лет назад

Nice vídeo. Just one caveat, it is a serious misconception that no amount of ionizing radiation is completely safe, and it is not based on scientific evidence. It is also relevant to know that aside of F-18, produced with accelerators, the most widely used radioisotope for this kind of diagnostics (with tens of millions of procedures per year) is Technetium-99m, which is produced in nuclear reactors.

@briannafielder5681 2 года назад

It's nice to see someone memtion 99mTc.PET imaging is better but is only a fraction of what nuclear medicine can do and, on it's own, faces numerous issues with widespread use.

@topasio 5 лет назад

Thank you Ted ed for keeping me uptdated on the latest technologies

@deepsaha6676 5 лет назад

This channel is beyond our education system.

@topgurl9313 5 лет назад

I'd never even thought of what other machines was needed for PET scans to work, I always just thought the necessary things were the computer and the chemicals within the room.

@cactusbloom7848 5 лет назад

I always wandered why, thanks for answering Ted Ed!

@JLaraB 5 лет назад

In fact, hospitals have another type of particle accelerators... a linear accelerators (LINAC), in an Radiation Oncology area. With a LINAC, they could obtain electrons and photons... and then treat cancer. 😊😊😊

@paulofranca77 5 лет назад

The medical advance is simply amazing.

@bepisman4127 5 лет назад

This animation is top notch! Truly amazing!

@mmmk1616 5 лет назад

Excellent video, thanks TED-Ed!!

@heatherlee2967 Год назад

I was at the NYC concert too! It was iconic

@Shickelgruber Месяц назад

0:02 Oliver asks for more.

@NewtonNoN 5 лет назад

Thank you for uploading this video! Btw, doesn’t oxygen-18 have 8 protons and 10 neutrons?

@ozakrw 5 лет назад

This was very *illuminating!*

@Qlegal 5 лет назад

Great animation. Adoooooooooro

@doncaballero4532 5 лет назад

How can you cure a phobia or to be specific claustrophobia? Due to this I’m always afraid to go to hospitals. I always get a dark feeling going to elevators and always thinking about how Ironic a hospital can be hell to people with phobias.

@billnye8154 5 лет назад

Fun fact that you can also use FDG to find osteomyelitis in the body because the body uses a lot of resources to fight the infection and heal the bone I needed that injected into me over the summer because I had acute osteomyelitis

@lynndeatherage4874 2 года назад

I had a newclear stress test in Dec 1 2020. It was a good time to get a new one who is a good idea to have a chance of getting into an option to make sure it is not a big deal of a dangerous at all times.

@brain2728 5 лет назад

Meh , My local hospitals don't have these equipments yet. Yes I am from a underdeveloped location.

@lynndeatherage4874 2 года назад

Had stress test in nuclear images on my heart scans, and she accidentally took a picture of my vertebrae were I dislocated vertebrae in L1 L2 and then they saw a fractures behind the 2 vertebrae that had a fracture by mistake was a good thing.

@nefertiti18z 5 лет назад

You explained PET even better than my Radiology teacher in college 😊

@aguuuung08 5 лет назад

me too! i need to find lots of sources to fully understand how PET/SPECT works. worse thing is, i live in non-english speaking country and most of those sources are in english :| so glad this video exists

@nefertiti18z 5 лет назад

@@aguuuung08 yeah, entire radiation medicine is difficult, we medicos are not well versed most of the time with physics in detail and the principle of radiation medicine needs us to be good at that. Try improving english because most of the sources are in English, in my country we have this coaching institute "DAMS" try their online app, their radiology teachers are good...

@seethetruth7427 5 лет назад

Lovely educational video!! Can you make one on Parkinson's disease?

@unleashingpotential-psycho9433 5 лет назад

I am thankful to all the healthcare people who save lives every day.

@suntzu2102 5 лет назад

Can't resist on clicking a new Ted ed notification Like if you also cannot resist

@randomstuffdotnet4080 5 лет назад

A TED ad had also came with this video

@KnightSlasher 5 лет назад

Because they watch Rick and Morty

@mrchocolatebean8878 5 лет назад

Stop

@Uiru11 5 лет назад

AYYY Cyclotrons. UBC student here! We got the biggest one! Gotta represent!

@nerd8342 5 лет назад

Awesome animation Ted ed

@baltazarakkuairuzc.4117 5 лет назад

Explain what BPD or Borderline personality disorder

@adityashankar5267 5 лет назад

Wow...Proud of Science!

@brookharris4517 5 лет назад

Particle accelerator? Dr. Wells we would like to know your location! Barry? Cisco? Caitlin ya there?

@mjstory1976 5 лет назад

Awesome and informative video

@ismatara1260 5 лет назад

because they need to accelerate the doctors and nurses so they can keep up with all the patients

@DaliaSleman 5 лет назад

Please make Arabic captions on videos ....there are very good and useful 🌸

@shiki.8254 5 лет назад

Should Have Built A Time Machine.....

@Wotterblue 5 лет назад

This is insanely cool.

@carrotiq6879 5 лет назад

It was help full ,love from India 🇮🇳

@ghostderazgriz 5 лет назад

Well first I need to know what a particle accelerator is and what it does. You know, other than accelerate particles as I'm sure that's obvious.

@EMRE55TURK 5 лет назад

Ive undergone a pet scan like this. I got scared shitless when i saw the radiation symbol on the huge metal syringe before i got injected lmao. I had to lay still for a while afterwards. I could swear i felt the radiation soar trough my body(obviously just some placebo going on lmao).

@cyzhouhk 5 лет назад

Hospitals have particle accelerators? Not just STAR Labs?

@DivineSeaDragon 5 лет назад

CY Chow lol they can now make meta humans

@djb903 5 лет назад

Matter-antimatter anihlation emits a gamma ray, not "something like an x-ray." Right?

@varshachintawar524 5 лет назад

Ted ed I love this channel...

@YurajPess 5 лет назад

This is very Smart Chanel

@usama57926 5 лет назад

wow thanks a lot

@ez4762 2 года назад

Surely kicking off a neutron from oxygen 18 would make it into oxygen 17 not fluorine 18. To do that wouldn't you also have to add a proton? 1:16

@ez4762 2 года назад

Oh yeah it is added from the proton slamming into it im being silly

@daltoncasey 5 лет назад

So how does it get accelerated? It says it spins but what propels it? And. If I put this in a thunderstorm and hold a big metal chain, will this send dark-matter lightning bolts into me and will I be in a coma for 9 months.

@daltoncasey 5 лет назад

Answer: No. My mother is living

@nirwansendraperiera2043 Год назад

Sending admirations to our beloved Radiologic Technologist, who specializes in nuclear medicine (nuclear medicine technologist) 💉💉💊💊. ☺️☺️☺️ .. underrated but visceral.. 💓💓💓💓💓

@mangeshkolvankar4262 5 лет назад

Roses are red Violets are blue Im not first Neither are you

@sanjanasoni2262 5 лет назад

mangesh kolvankar you are not the first but do you really care ?

@MM-by6qq 5 лет назад

What's that's mean🤷

@keltar2007 5 лет назад

Wow...humans and their huge brains.

@asnek2527 5 лет назад

Yeah except the people here complaining about radiation and how positrons and electrons "aren't even real"

@hopenilsen605 5 лет назад

I thought the particle accelerator was made up in the flash

@eugiboy1 5 лет назад

You missed that cancer centers use linear accelerators to treat cancer.

@maggierommel8955 5 лет назад

Could you do a video of hyperhidrosis?

@kaarthymurugan7928 5 лет назад

My concern is wd all Flu-18 leave the body system eventually, though low, still is remains.

@marulisu 5 лет назад

In my hospital us radiographers do the injecting and imaging.

@Illijah02 5 лет назад

1:52 what about a British Tracer?

@dontmove2257 5 лет назад

Nah, it's for time traveling. Doctors send some terminal patients to the future and fix all diseases before sending them back here. Trust me, I was one of them.

@averyrivera9603 5 лет назад

*reads particle accelerator* the flash?

@zherrera3493 5 лет назад

I got that when i was in a car accident it felt so weird i felt like i was peeing myself

@evergreen1127 5 лет назад

*Well to accelerate the particles.... Obviously*

@aadil1023 5 лет назад

I will be a doctor

@quantumcity6679 5 лет назад

Great explanation and animations are awesome ..keep it up.. 😇

@FishoeShoe_da_great 5 лет назад

So if I understood correctly, we can determine if there's a tumor when a certain area has accumulated FDG? Wouldn't it be possible to see it when blood has accumulated on that area? (Since the tumor has blocked the blood flow)

@asnek2527 5 лет назад

The scan doesn't detect blood, and i don't think cancer doesn't stop the blood flow really, just sucks up the nutriens and other stuff that it's carrying(feel free to correct me) Watch the video how the scan detects the radiation off the accumulated stuff inside the cancer please :)