Dr. Ebraheim’s educational animated video explains about the Important vitamins for bone health.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is important for vision as it works on the retina. Deficiency of vitamin A leads to poor night time vision.
Bone metabolism: Osteoclasts are irregular shaped giant cells that break down or reabsorbs the bone. Vitamin A is important for bone metabolism and bone remodeling. It is also important for differentiation of immune cells and maintains skin health. Vitamin A is found in dairy product, sweet potatoes, beef liver and raw carrots.
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 is important for synthesis of mood boosting hormones such as serotonin, it makes you feel good. It also plays a role in hemoglobin synthesis. The red blood cells contain large quantities of proteins called hemoglobin which bind to oxygen loosely and reversibly. Oxygen molecules bind at the center of each heme molecule. Heme makes it possible for the red blood cells to pick up oxygen for delivery to the cells of the body. Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs and deliver it to the body tissues. White blood cells from our immune system and help the body to fight against infection and foreign materials.
Vitamin B6 is found in foods like: bananas, ham, chicken, potatoes, eggs, salmon, tuna, apricot, pistachios, sunflower seed, and peanut butter.
Causes of Vitamin B6 deficiency are isoniazid intake which is used in treatment of TB, and L-dopa which is used in treatment of Parkinson's disease. Vitamin B6 deficiency may lead to sideroblastic anemia, chelosis or stomatitis which is cracking of lips and corners of the mouth, convulsions, altered touch sensation and mania. In orthopedics, Vitamin B6 is used as an adjuvant treatment in cubital tunnel syndrome and carpal tunnel syndromes. It is given orally 50 mgs, twice daily
Vitamin B12
Whenever you think of vitamin B12 think neuropathy and pernicious anemia. Vitamin B12 deficiency takes years to develop. Vitamin A is stored in the liver for 6 months. Vitamin D is stored in the skin and fat for 3 months.
Vitamin B12 is found in beef liver, oysters, and tuna. Vitamin B12 leads to accumulation of methylmalonic acid. Vitamin B12 leads to peripheral neuropathy because it affects myelin formation. Vitamin B12 levels should be obtained in patients with peripheral sensory neuropathy (normal values are 200-900 picograms per milliliter). Also, perform tolerance test to rule out diabetes as a cause of peripheral neuropathy.
Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to peripheral sensory neuropathy, megaloblastic anemia, muscle weakness and movement problems, and memory problems.
Risk factors for developing Vitamin B12 deficiency include pernicious anemia, gastric resection surgery, chronic pancreatitis, severe malnutrition and vegan diet. In the gut, Vitamin B12 is carried on intrinsic factor which protects it from proteolytic enzymes. Intrinsic factor also helps the vitamin to be absorbed in the terminal ileum.
The nervous system is affected in three parts:
1. The dorsal column: Affection of the dorsal column leads to problems in positions and vibration sensation as well as sensory ataxia.
2. The lateral corticospinal tracts: Affection of the lateral corticospinal tracts leads to hyperreflexia, spasticity and pathological reflexes which are all signs of upper motor neuron involvement.
3. Peripheral nerves: Axonal degeneration of the peripheral nerves leads to numbness and paresthesia.
In pernicious anemia labs will show MCV greater than 100, low hemoglobin concentration and low RBC count.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is found in citrus fruit, and green leafy vegetables. Vitamin C is important for proper collagen synthesis. It is required for neurotransmitter production. It protects the capillary lining of blood vessels and inhibits vascular permeability. It is an antioxidant and enables iron absorption from the intestine. It actively protects against osteoporosis.
Vitamin C deficiency may lead to scurvy. Scurvy leads to bleeding gums, loose teeth, bleeding in the skin and mucous membranes. Low vitamin C leads to defective collagen synthesis, fragile capillaries, abnormal gum bleeding, abnormal bone formation at the growth plate with widening of the zone of provisional calcification. Vitamin C is used in orthopedics to reduce the risk of RSD following reduction and internal fixation of distal radial fractures. The dosage used is 500 mg daily for 50 days beginning the day after surgery.
Become a friend on facebook:
/ drebraheim
Follow me on twitter:
#!/DrEbraheim_UTMC
Donate to the University of Toledo Foundation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Endowed Chair Fund:
www.utfoundation.org/foundati...
22 июл 2024
