Vygotsky - Zone of proximal development (ZPD), Socio-cultural theory 

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This video explains the concept of the Zone of proximal development (ZPD).
The zone of proximal development is the space between what a learner can do without guidance & what a learner can do with adult guidance.
As per Vygotsky, 3 elements are essential for the learning progress of a student in the zone of proximal development:
1) Presence of a more knowledgeable other
2) Social interaction between the learner & the more knowledgeable other
3) Designing scaffolding techniques to assist in learning