Watch a Tsunami be Generated by a Volcanic Eruption

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On October 12th of 2022, a small tsunami was generated by a volcanic eruption of Mount Stromboli in Italy. This video displays the entire sequence of events which created the tsunami via a pyroclastic flow entering the Mediterranean Sea. Although this tsunami was relatively small, other recent ones at Stromboli in the last 1,000 years were incredibly destructive. However, the recent tsunami provides an excellent case study for determining how volcanic tsunamis form.
I want to give a special thanks to INGVvulcani / INGV, Progetto UNO (@uno_progetto on Twitter), and Tullio Ricci for allowing me to use footage of the pyroclastic flow. It was posted on the INGVvulcani channel ( / ingvvulcani ) at • Stromboli, 12 ottobre ... under a CC BY 3.0 license.
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Graphics, tables, and images which contain eruption dates, lengths, and/or VEIs are sourced from (and sometimes courtesy of) the Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution (although sometimes with minor changes made by GeologyHub). volcano.si.edu/
Citation: Global Volcanism Program, 2013. Volcanoes of the World, v. 4.11.2 (02 Sep 2022). Venzke, E (ed.). Smithsonian Institution. Downloaded 20 Oct 2022. doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.VOTW4-....
Source of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) methodology and criteria: Newhall, C. G., and Self, S. (1982), The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism, J. Geophys. Res., 87( C2), 1231- 1238, doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231. Accessed / Read on Oct 5 2022.
Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers
Creative Commons Licenses used for specific content (such as a single image within the video which as a whole does not entirely fall under the same license) or sections of specific content (such as a photo within a table) in this video (not the entire table for this example):
CC0 1.0: creativecommons.org/publicdom...
CC BY 2.0: creativecommons.org/licenses/...
CC BY 3.0: creativecommons.org/licenses/...
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Sources:
[1] U.S. Geological Survey, (USGS) Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, "In depth: Surprising tsunamis caused by explosive eruption in Tonga", www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc/ne...
[2] U.S. Geological Survey, "Pyroclastic flows move fast and destroy everything in their path", www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/pyr...
[3] Mutaqin, Bachtiar & Lavigne, Franck & Hadmoko, Danang Sri & Malawani, Mukhamad. (2019). Volcanic Eruption-Induced Tsunami in Indonesia: A Review. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 256. 012023. 10.1088/1755-1315/256/1/012023. CC BY 3.0.
[4] Sun W, Tian F, Wang K, Xie G. The formation of explosive volcanos at the circum-Pacific convergent margin. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1407913/v1. PPR:PPR470137., CC BY 4.0.
[5] Rosi M, Levi ST, Pistolesi M, Bertagnini A, Brunelli D, Cannavò V, Di Renzoni A, Ferranti F, Renzulli A, Yoon D. Geoarchaeological Evidence of Middle-Age Tsunamis at Stromboli and Consequences for the Tsunami Hazard in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea. Sci Rep. 2019 Jan 24;9(1):677. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37050-3. PMID: 30679656; PMCID: PMC6346119. CC BY 4.0.
[6] Fornaciai, A., Favalli, M. & Nannipieri, L. Numerical simulation of the tsunamis generated by the Sciara del Fuoco landslides (Stromboli Island, Italy). Sci Rep 9, 18542 (2019). doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54..., CC BY 4.0.
[7] Omira, R., Ramalho, R.S., Kim, J. et al. Global Tonga tsunami explained by a fast-moving atmospheric source. Nature 609, 734-740 (2022). doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04..., CC BY 4.0
[8] Pakoksung, K., Suppasri, A. & Imamura, F. The near-field tsunami generated by the 15 January 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano and its impact on Tongatapu, Tonga. Sci Rep 12, 15187 (2022). doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19..., CC BY 4.0
[9] Mohammad Heidarzadeh, Aditya Riadi Gusman, Takeo Ishibe, Ramtin Sabeti, Jadranka Šepić, Estimating the eruption-induced water displacement source of the 15 January 2022 Tonga volcanic tsunami from tsunami spectra and numerical modelling, Ocean Engineering, Volume 261, 2022, 112165, ISSN 0029-8018, doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.20.... (www.sciencedirect.com/science.... CC BY 4.0.

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19 окт 2022

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Комментарии : 373

@GeologyHub Год назад

This very small tsunami provides a great case study of how many volcanic tsunamis form; through pyroclastic flows.

@hawaii50th Год назад

Can you explain what happened by a place called "Sugarloaf Peak outside of a town called Collbran, Colorado where a lake blew up on top of a mountain? Thank You.

@SpaceLover-he9fj Год назад

It’s definitely a very good case. I saw the pyroclastic flow on the video generate secondary explosions from the interaction of hot volcanic debris and the waters of the Mediterranean. I remember reading about Krakatau and some accounts said that pyroclastic flows reached Sumatra. Some people say that this was too far for a heavy pyroclastic flow, and instead this was a pyroclastic surge. This could be due to a phenomenon seen on the video of Stromboli’s eruption; As the pyroclastic flow reached the sea, it seemed to generate steam. Part of it fell into the ocean, producing a tsunami, while some parts continued moving. Simulations of Krakatau’s pyroclastic flows and surges generated something similar but much larger. As the pyroclastic flows from the collapsing volcanic island raced outwards in every direction, much of it fell back into the ocean, producing the infamous tsunamis from Krakatau which killed more than 36,000 people. The heat of the pyroclastic flows produced steam, providing a layer or “cushion” for the lighter parts of the pyroclastic flows to move on. As a result, these pyroclastic flows or surges accelerated significantly, reaching Sumatra as some accounts said. This recent eruption of Stromboli as well as video footage has provided invaluable evidence when understanding pyroclastic flows - The most dangerous volcanic hazard known.

@MADDLADO1 Год назад

I wish I could understand how pyroclastic flows create tsunamis. The dynamics are above my understanding.

@MADDLADO1 Год назад

I really don't get it.

@daos3300 Год назад

@@MADDLADO1 one volume displacing another, fairly simple. like if you put an object in a glass of water, the water has to go somewhere.

@toddbu-WK7L Год назад

Although not volcanic in origin, I had once heard that the 2004 Indonesian tsunami was caused by the displacement of 130 cubic miles of seafloor when the Eurasian tectonic plate rebounded at the edge of the Sumatran Subduction Trench. That amount of displacement is absolutely mind-boggling. It would be very interesting to see a video on this

@scrappydoo7887 Год назад

It's the kind of kinetic energy that the human mind just isn't equipped to understand. Truly amazing

@obsidianjane4413 Год назад

@@scrappydoo7887 Even when you do the math it just become abstract really big numbers.

@scrappydoo7887 Год назад

@@obsidianjane4413 definitely. It's really incredible to think about

@zeff8820 Год назад

Actually 2004 sumatra earthquake displaced the seafloor as long as 1200 km

@qwryzu Год назад

Let's clarify our usage of some terms here - the length of the fault that slipped in the 2004 Sumatra earthquake was 1200km. HOWEVER, that does not mean that the fault moved 1200km. There's many different calculations for the actual slip amount but I'll use the one given by Yoshimoto and Yamanaka (2014). They cite a maximum amount of slip of 29 meters, with different segments of the fault peaking around 8 meters or so. This means that along a 1200km long fault, there was 29 meters of movement at most. This is still a ridiculous amount of slip, don't get me wrong. Very few earthquakes produce that much slip. Imagine if your house moved 30 meters (like 95 feet? from where it was a few minutes ago. It is not, however, even close to the scale of hundreds of kilometers or miles.

@xBaRLoGx Год назад

I'll never get bored of you saying Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai

@tonydagostino6158 Год назад

Love the sedimentology example! The density segregation of the pyroclastic flow is beautifully illustrated. The densest, basal part of the flow entered the water while a significant fraction of the flow of lower density continued, as you said, several tens of meters out over the surface of the water generating a frothy wave while the least dense, most turbulent cloud continued even further.

@deborahferguson1163 Год назад

Yea, that was pretty cool to see!

@ot8210 Год назад

Crazy. That hunga tunga volcano was gnarly. Just incredible. A 290’ tsunami? Wow, glad it did not take human lives. I did not realize that the sound wave went around the entire earth and a pressure wave could cause that kind of wave you mentioned. This channel is such a great source of Scientific information on volcanoes, how they form, kinds of lava they produce, earthquakes they produce and why and so much more. I really appreciate learning from this channel and all the Analysis scientific research that goes into the making of these videos. Thank you.

@Soonpizza345 Год назад

There was more to it. changes in weather patterns have happened.

@roadkillavenger1325 Год назад

It killed a few people, therefore it did take human lives.

@ForzaMonkey Год назад

if you think 290 feet is big, you should check out the Lituya Bay megatsunami.

@roadkillavenger1325 Год назад

@@ForzaMonkey If you think the Lituya Bay mega tsunami was big, you should check out the one from the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs.

@ForzaMonkey Год назад

@@roadkillavenger1325 I was referring to WITHIN human history, but you've got me there.

@lestatsgames7426 Год назад

When I was a teen, I wasn’t allowed to watch much television. On Sunday mornings though, I watched TV before football came on. Reruns of Time Tunnel was allowed, as it gave me a love for volcanos. One episode had me spellbound as Krakatoa was the featured guest star. At 63, I am still in awe of the power and brute force of plate tectonics giving berth to volcanos and earthquakes. While I never made a commitment to study science, my love of scientific discovery has never diminished. Your videos hold me spellbound like I am a young teen again. Thank you for everything you include in your videos. I follow about 100 creators who produce scientific videos. You are in my favorite top five. IMHO, that’s impressive as we are in a golden stage of video production covering almost every scientific category. Thank you so very much.

@aquarius5719 Год назад

Yellowstone is the next Krakatoa. If my gut feeling is correct, it may take a few years or months to go off. And I have reasons to believe it will be big enough to be the biggest cataclysm in human history.

@SJR_Media_Group Год назад

It is always amazing watching a proclastic flow when it hits water.... steam from super heated material acts like a hover craft, allowing the flow to easily go long distances over water. You could be standing on a different island watching the eruption, only later to run for your life when a steam assisted pyroclastic flow easily crosses the 5 km between islands.

@vapormissile Год назад

Agreed. This video certainly showed that effect. The leading edge was going "wheeeeeee!" Then it looked like it was boiling...

@SJR_Media_Group Год назад

@@vapormissile Thanks for observation... "water... no problem' wonder how many fish died ?

@vapormissile Год назад

@@SJR_Media_Group I'll be like those people running out right before a tsunami to grab all the fish when the water rushes out before the wave. I know I'm probably going to die but I'll be paddling out to get all the steamed seafood "Squeeze the lemon! Melt the butter! I'm going innnn!"

@SJR_Media_Group Год назад

@@vapormissile That would make a great action/adventure movie... count me in.

@SpaceLover-he9fj Год назад

Very true-Krakatau in 1883 did the same, with its pyroclastic flows and surges reaching Sumatra-According to a 2002 simulation, a steam cushion would have been generated, accelerating the pyroclastic flows and surges. Stromboli’s recent eruption seems to confirm this.

@MADDLADO1 Год назад

Just incredible man, thanks for your really cool uploads.

@edwardlulofs444 Год назад

I have never heard any of this information. It's a very important addition to our geological understanding. Thanks for this video.

@user-fp8bm4ci3r Год назад

Thanks, I liked this. It’s all balanced and easy to watch n listen. I’m subbed now 🤙🏼🙏🏼

@TheRichard991 Год назад

I start my morning every day with this channel, Thanks brother!

@tedbaxter5234 Год назад

Awesome illustrations! New subscriber. Thank you!

@DaveTexas Год назад

These tsunamis are truly terrifying. Both the pyroclastic flow/landslide tsunamis and the underwater crater collapse tsunamis can do inconceivable amounts of damage. I’d be very nervous to live at or near sea level on a coast, especially in areas that are more likely to experience a tsunami.

@generalmarkmilleyisbenedic8895 Год назад

Thats amazing, i struggle to comprehend the volume of land that slides into ocean, only to displace it and form tsunami that can travel the world

@scrappydoo7887 Год назад

It really is amazing. I guess it's just wave generation mechanisms. Wave length is evidently key, they are so long front to back that the energy just doesn't dissipate

@KazumaPrime Год назад

I would like to add to this, that much rarer and far more isolated would be in the case of collapse of a volcanic structure into a body of water, generating a far more destructive wave, such as what happened at Mount St. Helens when the landslide from the bulge and cone hit Spirit Lake and forced the water out, dragging the trees from the surrounding ridges into the lake that are still floating today. While there aren't many instances of volcanoes next to lakes, even far less with those that would result in another Mount St. Helens, I feel like possible candidates for a collapse might be the Hawaiian Islands or the Canary Islands, notably the former as those have evidence of past collapses.

@Volcano-Man Год назад

Actually strangely volcanic edifice collapse in to the ocean, especially from the Canary Island's will not result in the type of tsunami that Day, Ward and McGuire claim! They used a model that is used to investigate tsunami's originating from they same type of seismic events that triggered the 1755, Great Lisbon earthquake and tsunami, the 1960 Great Valdiva earthquake and tsunami, the 1964 Alaskan earthquake and others. They ignored evidence from events like the Grand Banks - 1926, Papua New Guinea 1998 earthquakes and tsunamis. They also ignored a well documented edifice collapse of a volcanic flank in to the ocean which was actually witnessed by people - Ritter Island. Yes it created a tsunami, but the amplitude of the initial wave was nowhere near the 2000 metres Ward, Day and McGuire presented. The Lituya Bay incident was not a tsunami in the true sense, it was a 'Big splash' constrained by the geography of the bay. Once the surge reached open water it rapidly dissipated - another dact tbat Ward, Day and McGuire overlook! Then there is the physics of getting a column of water to rise 2000 metres all the time being dragged downwards by gravity. Such a wave would have to travel upwards at a velocity in excess of about 320 metr4s per second - Mach 1. They also conveniently ignored the provable fact that the 1949 'rupture' isn't - it is an expansion fissure related to the emplacement of magma between about 1936 and the eruption in 1949 - three shepherds testified that the fissure opened releasing g the stink of sulphur and even gave the date and time as '... About 3 hours before dawn in the night 3 nights after the full Moon ... ,' the Moon was Full on the night of 10th June 1949, the eruption started about 09:00 at the Duraznero vent on the Cumbre Vieja. One of the trio admitted to me he had never read the contemporaneous report '... As it is in Spanish ...!', It was a good way to get an insurance company or two, to finance their research in return for a scare story. Researchers at Eindhoven University and elsewhere have shown that the edifice is stable, that it's growth rate of ~1.6 mm year indicates it will take about 10000 years before it could potentially become unstable. There is also the dimensions of the Cumbre Vieja - from its northern limit at the Cumbre Nueva, to its southern end it measure about 25 km, and its summit is 1949 metres above sea level. There is insufficient mass even allowing for the ~4000 metres below sea level, to trigger the big tsunami. There are a lot of other factors too, which indicate that any failure will involve relatively small volumes - Panyannis and many others.

@Volcano-Man Год назад

The Canary Islands have more capacity for generating undersea debris flows than the Hawaiian Islands. Tenerife has a record of approximately 24 debris flows - some immediately obvious on sonar, others are buried under later deposits. They also extend further, are thicker and wider, than the Hawaiian debris flows.

@sativothegrail461 3 дня назад

I've been on this Island 20 years ago just next to this spot and witnessed an eruption, the ground was shaking and it was crazy. This place is so beautiful, I recommend you do a boat trip around, these islands are breathtaking.

@midlife_crossroads Год назад

Thanks for making your viewers smarter with every vid!

@GeologyHub Год назад

No problem! Also thank you for supporting my channel :)

@AmazingPhilippines1 Год назад

Love your explanations!

@10thletter40 Год назад

I saw GeologyHub asking for some footage the other day, I love the effort they go through to make sure he gets permission and properly cites his work

@NoalFarstrider Год назад

The Elves and Numenorians won't survive this...

@sueann1985 4 дня назад

😂😂😂😂

@robertfletcher3421 Год назад

Thank you that is a great explanation.

@andreah.5962 Год назад

As always, it's a pleasure watching your channel.

@mooonpaw Год назад

@GeologyHub - I would like to request volcano activity on other planets or even just volcanic features like Olympus Mons for a nice chance of pace. :) Thanks for all the hard work.

@steveeddy6876 Год назад

Thanks for the video!

@hestheMaster Год назад

Some amazing videos and explanation of how you can get a tsunami from a volcanic eruption.

@caerdwyn7467 Год назад

Could we get an overview of the Mount Konocti complex in northern California?

@heidipetrick918 Год назад

Very interesting! Thank you!

@user-pi4wj7bm4z 11 дней назад

A good learning curve. Greg.😊

@jonathandehn9910 Год назад

Was there for the 2002 Stromboli eruption, all tsunamis wrap around islands not just traveling in a straight line from the event. Much of the damage was in the backside of Stromboli, away from the eruption and landslide.

@Rhino1277HotRails Год назад

Imagine Krakatoa surge/blast- generated wave(s)... coupled with huge caldera collapse. Surge/blast interaction with seawater one thing, yeah that'll make waves...a 20?km-cubed subsidence, in hours. Only island slope failure waves are larger. Great work again GHub.

@baystated Год назад

The new clips of the fountain on the lava lake are wild!

@janegilmore102 Год назад

Enjoyed your channel. New Sub 🇦🇺🙏🏻🤗🌹

@mattmaria2226 Год назад

Love your channel. I have a question.. does the super heated nature of the pyroclastic material entering the water add appreciably to apparent volume of displacement.? Or is the more affected by velocity and volume. Your matt

@Rhino1277HotRails Год назад

It does. The interactions are complex. Water actually increases the reactivity of the super heated flow. Water has a "quenching" effect, but evidence shows super heated blast/plume collapse flows can run out as far as 60 miles, possibly further if the eruption event is strong enough.

@meisterslx Год назад

People, I saw some of the huge amount of breathtaking footage by Katja and Maurice Krafft last week, originally shot on 16mm film. I saw it on a big screen, in a cinema. This couple, they were completely crazy, approaching erupting craters, lava flows etc. seemingly as close as no one else would. A pyroclastic flow killed them in Japan in 1991.If you ever have a chance, watch it. It blew my mind. Edit: Great update here, too!

@josh032687 Год назад

It looks like the molten avalanche in the pyroclastic flow may have cause a lot of the water displacement through steam generation. If you watch when the flow hits, there is a series of large black "rebounds" or boiling that occurs in the main flow, and the smaller flow that reaches the water shortly afterward.

@SpaceLover-he9fj Год назад

Very true. steam generation is the reason why Krakatau’s pyroclastic flows and surges went quite far, all the way to Sumatra!

@stefanmargraf7878 Год назад

I love it when he says: The hunga tonga ha'apai volcano....😂😂

@gatormike1434 Год назад

Great job. Thanks.

@JonnoPlays Год назад

Could you do a video about the potential for tsunami in California. Which faults could create one, which areas would be susceptible and how many times it happened in the past. I went looking for this info once a few years back and the situations that could cause one are somewhat interesting.

@lockdown727 Год назад

I can hear more depth in your voice..did you get a new microphone?

@lockdown727 Год назад

It's hard to comprehend the forces at play. thousands of tons of hot Ash comes down the hill slamming into the water. The water is temporarily displaced and water rushe back to fill that space and in that exact moment a "wave" is formed. That's how I see it.

@generalmarkmilleyisbenedic8895 Год назад

I actually struggle very hard.

@hawaii50th Год назад

Can you explain what happened by a place called "Sugarloaf Peak outside of a town called Collbran, Colorado where a lake blew up on top of a mountain?

@JoeyTheSinic Год назад

Damn you Ice Cube and your Pyroclastic Flows 😂

@DestinationArt Год назад

I love it when you pronounce the volcanic eruption in Jan 2022.

@chrimony Год назад

I like how you give credit for photos and videos as they are used. Much better than just listing them in the credits, or even worse, giving no credit at all.

@aninternetuser4306 Год назад

Very cool footage

@scottjustscott3730 Год назад

I'd love to know more about the image at 1:37 as it's fascinating and stunningly beautiful. I assume it's ash with erosion features on its surface.

@sarahb.6475 Год назад

I can't help but wonder who filmed this huge flow of ash rolling down the steep hillside and what did they think? did they believe they were going to die? seeing it erupt like that? the sound alone surely was deafening? i presume it makes a loud noise??

@stonew1927 Год назад

My guess is that geologists placed the camera there to monitor the area and weren't necessarily present when the eruption/slide occurred, although they could have been.

@b.a.erlebacher1139 Год назад

It was filmed by a drone piloted by someone from the Italian national geophysics and vulcanology institute. You can get more info by following links in the description. It's really wonderful how the recent ready availability of drones has made it possible to view events in dangerous or inaccessible places.

@stonew1927 Год назад

@@b.a.erlebacher1139 Makes sense. Now that I reviewed the video it does appear to be a drone shot, as you say.

@scrappydoo7887 Год назад

Does anyone else find beauty in pyroclastic flows? Naturally I'm meaning ones that cause no harm or damages but they have a certain amount of, I'm not sure what to call it, maybe graceful? Awe? I'm not sure but either way they're definitely fascinating

@SpaceLover-he9fj Год назад

While they do cause death and destruction, yes, they seem to be ridiculously beautiful and complex. A survivor of the Mount Saint Helens eruption of 1980 , If I remember correctly, his name was Mike Moore, said that the Lateral Blast and the Co-PDC clouds from the lateral blast were some of the most beautiful things he had ever seen. For me, they’re the definition of “Beautiful and deadly”, which seems to be a theme in nature.

@scrappydoo7887 Год назад

@@SpaceLover-he9fj yes I agree on the way you put it. Beautiful and deadly 👍

@SpaceLover-he9fj Год назад

Well, apparently he and his family was camping on an area north of the volcano. When it erupted, they were hit by a shockwave, and had to take shelter in a dilapidated hunting shed. Eventually, the ash moved east, but rescue would not arrive until the next day, so they camped for another night. They heard the volcano rumbling. Do note that I have only mentioned part of his story, so make sure you look it up. :)

@scrappydoo7887 Год назад

@@SpaceLover-he9fj ah Mike Moore 👍 yes I will definitely give it a look 🙂

@daos3300 Год назад

harm/damage is irrelevant, like many things in nature they are ultimately beautiful, regardless of the eventual effect.

@JSDudeca Год назад

I was wondering if you could consider a video explaining the distinct paleozoic anticline folds in the area of the Bald Eagle state forest in PA, USA. I scan google earth from time to time and that area seems very like a very unique formation that I've not seen anywhere else in its visual distinctness. Seems like an interesting topic. Is it possible that their formation was created over several push and pull cycles of the Wilson cycle?

@JSDudeca Год назад

Funny enough, I think I just found the sister of these formations over in south western Algeria where they are less pronounced because of the lack of forests. I believe that north western Africa would have been pushed up against north eastern USA in the formation of Pangaea.

@Dragrath1 Год назад

Based on what I have read much of the east coast is indeed the product of several major continental collisions in this case it involves both the ancient grenville orogeny from the assembly of the super Continent Rodinia during the Mesoproterozoic and the much more recent assembly of Pangaea (or technically it was mostly due to the assembly of Laurussia at more tropical to temperate latitudes prior to Laurussia's collision with Gondwana centered down in the Antarctic circle which produced Pangaea proper during the late Carboniferous The huge sizes of both minor super continents of course meant the collision occurred at mid latitudes with Pangaea spanning from the Tropics to the South pole when nit formed which is just a mindblowing sense of scale.

@karlharvymarx2650 Год назад

If the pyroclastic solids are still hot when they hit the water, does steam contribute significantly to the amount of water displaced?

@dreadfulbadger Год назад

Now every time I watch a volcano video I think of how ridiculous that scene in rings of power was

@Silhouex Год назад

Can you explain the Hudson Bay and everything we know about it's formation?

@oceantree5000 Год назад

Gorgeous footage.

@Nonconformistwilderbeastman 14 дней назад

That was a really cool Erectile dysfunction commercial before the tsunami happened 😊

@philippinevolcanoupdate943 Год назад

I believe this happened during Taal's 1911 and 1965 eruptions where the pyroclastic surge crossed the lake water.

@OpaSpielt Год назад

Naples, tsunami threat from Stromboli, further threats from Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei (hope the orthography is correct). Dangerous place there. 🙄 Thanks for making this video. 🖐👴

@scrappydoo7887 Год назад

Dangerous for sure

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

Ischia aswell

@OpaSpielt Год назад

@@Vesuviusisking Yeah 🌋

@Vesuviusisking Год назад

@@OpaSpielt that volcano never gets talked about

@OpaSpielt Год назад

@@Vesuviusisking Did our host make a video about Ischia already? If not ... @GeologyHub ... might be a suggestion 😉

@linditadhamo5861 Год назад

Very interesting. Thanks for the video.

@LalitaLunaYogini 4 дня назад

"the Hunga Tunga Hunga Ha'apai volcano in the nation of Tunga" sounds like a new contestant for the "Mahajapit... Mapajahit... Mahapajit.. Ma-ja-pa-hit" meme 😂

@Ratzfourtyfour Год назад

That's great footage.

@TheJohtunnBandit Год назад

1:38 I'd love to know more about what is happening in that picture to make those patterns in the snow! !

@Hackanhacker Год назад

That shock wave going around the globe what the... just imagine the power WOW

@bigrooster6893 Год назад

It’s also interesting that the East Coast of America has never been hit by a large tsunami. Deep bore drilling shows that no tsunami has ever hit East Coast there’s only been one small tsunami from a massive underwater landslide that happened off the coast of Massachusetts over 100 years ago. People need to stop worrying about La Palma because even if the whole island collapse it’s not going to cause a large tsunami to hit East Coast like I said landslides don’t generate enough force cause a ocean wide mega tsunami.

@josephastier7421 10 месяцев назад

Good on the videographer for capturing the wave. Most of the time when tsunamis are generated they don't get recorded.

@TheRolemodel1337 Год назад

i would like to see exotic magma chemistry and what conditions are needed for their formation like assimilation of other rock types and specific magma differentiation settings the formation of komatiites is also interesting

@georgemallory797 Год назад

I remember seeing a pyroclastic flow in Manhattan about 21 years ago.

@benjaminmatheny6683 Год назад

I think we need a better way to distinguish between waves caused by plate displacement and other kinds. Mainly because the scale is massively different. Sure a landslide induced "tsunami" might have a high wave height, but it wont have the volume of water behind it that would make a similar plate induced tsunami destructive. Landslide tsunami's really only effect the top layer of water.

@Timesend Год назад

This is absolutely mind blowing 👍

@zeff8820 Год назад

I hope you'll make another content about tsunamis

@twyztidbro3929 Год назад

Awesome vid :) I'm definitely full of rich gasses. Should i ever cause a tsunami, I'll try to take notes :D

@Shirden Год назад

Thanks for this information. I find it very interesting. When you come to the end of a sentence, for your pause, just stop the sound. There is no need to drag it out like you do.

@ruperterskin2117 Год назад

Cool. Thanks for sharing.

@brutismaximus1 Год назад

I live in New Zealand and many people including myself heard the Tongan volcano's shockwave.

@Fomites 6 дней назад

My friend on Australia's Gold Coast (slightly inland and elevated on the side of a mountain) heard it too.

@coyzee1 Год назад

Please explain how Walshs Pyramid in North Queensland was formed and give a mention to the impressive volcanic past of the Atherton Tablelands.

@johnthomas2485 Год назад

Curious. Did any of the atomic tests in the Pacific, by US, USSR, and France create any pressure wave tsunamis?

@KS-hj6xn Год назад

If a very big 9+ quake occurred in Puget Sound or any other inlet or narrow bays.... Could a 9+ quake create a bathtub tsunami effect ?? Like when you sit in the bathtub and push the water around.. Thanks for your studious work G.Hub!

@OpaSpielt Год назад

This is not an answer to your question but nevertheless I hope it's interesting: In the Baltic Sea severe winter storms can cause a bathtub effect. When they move east over the northern North Sea, the southwesterly storm pushes water through the Skagerrak and Kattegat into the Baltic Sea. When the storms then reach southern Sweden the water is pushed further east towards the coasts of Lithuania and Latvia. When the storms move further east and reach Lithuania or other countries in that area, the winds over the Baltic Sea veer from west over north to northeast and push the water back to the western parts. This bathtub effect can cause surprising flooding in coastal areas of eastern Denmark and especially northeastern Germany.

@sisfantasto7004 Год назад

it depends on the depth of the earth quake, but if the depth is aprox. 10-20km then the tsunami is the smallest problem there. A magnitude 9 would destroy everything around it till the ocean left, right and center , above and beneath , it could destroy at least half of the State ( Washington). A 9 is no joke.

@DarthStardom Год назад

Thanks for the awesome videos as usual🤩 Omg I was the first one here

@scottstewart5784 Год назад

Go with the flow

@princeedmirovillar215 Год назад

That's the Sciara del Fuoco, it had formed when a portion of Stromboli's summit opened a breach

@anthonydolio8118 17 дней назад

Interesting. Thanks.

@patrickdozier2146 Год назад

Great videos

@kevincummins6256 Год назад

What is your take on long runout landslides

@jarniwoop Год назад

I've read about concerns that the volcano on the Canary Islands might collapse on it's west flank and cause a large Tsunami which could reach the east coast of the USA.

@orbitaljellyfish808 Год назад

Another quirk is pyroclastic not being dense like solid rock, its impact stays nearer the surface and thusly bigger waves

@Enn- Год назад

Recently I've been wondering what the likely effects of the Juan de Fuca megathrust earthquake and the following tsunami will be. Obviously the quake will be bad, and difficult to predict, but what about the tsunami? How far up the rivers will it likely reach? How high will the waves likely be?

@finlandball1939 Год назад

I’d say deadlier than the 2011 Japan tsunami.

@michaeldeierhoi4096 Год назад

One example of how far a tsunami wave can travel up a river was when the 2004 earthquake triggered the massive tsunami that hit the city of Aceh on the northern end of the island of Sumatra. That wave traveled some 3-4 km up the river. The images of people struggling to get out of the way was surreal.

@wellifthemediasaysit Год назад

Hardly amazing to look at! Ive seen Glacier calving that creates bigger waves!

@robertspencer1205 Год назад

Well done! 👍

@winnieg100 Год назад

Thank you for the excellent information. I still like to hear you say Hunga Tunga Hunga HiyaPi. I probably didn’t spell it correctly.

@vineenergyvideos5640 Год назад

You really said Hunga tunga hunga in the nation of tunga

@nthrgaming Год назад

1:01 Ahangatangaahapaip Volcano ?! xD What a name haha

@dmomintz Год назад

You better have some terrible writers and thick plot armor if you are going to survive that!

@ashb8036 Год назад

That’s fantastic

@saltycanadian6190 Год назад

Tonga and Anak Krakatoa both had tsunamis from the instant vaporization of the mountains. Put a full mixing bowl of water in the sink. Submerge a glass, wait the water to settle. Then rapidly pull the glass out. You’ll create a mini tsunami.

@Travlinmo Год назад

Thanks!

@koalameat9523 Год назад

If it possible , could you do a video on the sinking of doggerland , i have always been interested in this sunken land between the uk and europe

@blueeyegi Год назад

I made some hot sauce from my garden this year and got a little heavy handed last weekend, the results where surprisingly similar.

@jeremeyhowlett6773 Год назад

It would probably be a good idea to locate all the potential landslide hazards that could create tsunamis, then start using dynamite to induce small scale landslides. Similar to what they do with snow to create small avalanches.