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A stepper motor is an electromechanical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. In addition, it is a brushless synchronous electric motor that can split a full rotation into an expansive number of steps. Motor position can be precisely controlled without any feedback mechanism as long as the motor is carefully sized for the application. Stepper motors are similar to switched reluctance motors. The stepper motor uses the theory of operation of magnets to make the motor shaft rotate a precise distance when a pulse of electricity is supplied. The stator has eight poles and the rotor has six poles. The rotor will require 24 pulses of electricity to move the 24 steps to make one complete revolution. Another way of saying this is that the rotor will move precisely 15° for every pulse of electricity the motor receives.
Principle of Construction and Operation
The construction of a stepper motor is closely related to a DC motor. It includes a permanent magnet like the Rotor, which is in the middle and will rotate when the force acts on it. This rotor is closed through a no. of the stator which is wound through a magnetic coil over it. The stator is arranged close to the rotor so that the magnetic fields inside the stators can control the movement of the rotor.
The stepper motor can be controlled by energizing each stator one by one. Thus, the stator will magnetize and function as an electromagnetic pole that uses repulsive energy in the rotor to advance. Alternate stator magnetization as well as demagnetization will gradually shift the rotor and allow it to rotate with great control.
The working principle of the stepper motor is electromagnetism. It includes a rotor that is made with a permanent magnet, while a stator is made with electromagnets. Once power is supplied to the stator winding, the magnetic field will be developed inside the stator. Now the rotor in the motor will start to move with the rotating magnetic field of the stator. So this is the fundamental working principle of this engine.
In this motor, there is a soft iron that is surrounded by the electromagnetic stators. The stator as well as the rotor poles do not depend on the type of stepper. Once the stators of this motor are energized, the rotor rotates to line up with the stator, otherwise it rotates to have the least clearance through the stator. In this way, the stators are driven in series to turn the stepper motor.
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#motor #electric motor #motors
1 авг 2024
