What is COVARIANCE? What is CORRELATION? Detailed video! 

You are a gifted teacher. I am so grateful for your presence on RU-vid. I feel I've learned so much more from you than I have from my text. I cannot thank you enough!

Your explanations are so impressive. I just know I can't forget the concepts ever again

You're a wonderful teacher. Covariance and correlation was a mystery to me before. But you not only explain them in a PDF but also compare with a sample, which makes it extra clear to understand. Thank you so much !!!

Your videos and teaching style are SOOOOO critical. Many of us struggle with the non-intuitive formulas and have given up. This stuff CANNOT be applied to real life if we cannot conceptualize what they really mean at their core and why they were derived in the first place. You are bridging that gap Justin, unlike so many others before you, and I am forever grateful. Thank you.

This is a stupendous explanation. You've taught us array of concepts in a single video (especially the intuition behind df).

please make more stats vids ! My lecturers just read off slides and doesn't explain the work. These are excellent !!

Can’t appreciate more about your beautiful works. I am studying machine learning, but struggling with some statistics concepts . Your videos really help me out !! You put these knowledge in a structural way, which is really impressive!!

Absolutely brilliant presentation! As a (high school/ secondary school) teacher of these topics, I find that you ALWAYS help me clarify my own explanations, making this difficult stuff much easier for students to grasp - I especially agree that overuse of formulae is dangerous: students who overuse formulae without a basic understanding of the processes risk failing to interpret results properly; this problem gets worse NOT better, the more more they do with statistics without such basic understanding! Well done, Justin, and many thanks for all your hard work!

It's great to have you! I'm having an exam in statistics soon, and they are going to test us mainly on the theory. It was so hard to find good videos that explain the logic behind everything and not just how to plug numbers in a formula. Many thanks

Just wanted to say these are great videos and you are doing an amazing job producing these. Please keep them up!

Your presentation skills are great. The visuals and the Excel exercise displays are appreciated. The text/content I have is not as "clear" as your teaching approach via RU-vid. Many thanks to you!

Hi Justin I watched the entire descriptive statistics videos series. I must say all the videos are simply amazing in every imaginable way. I have zero background in statistics and i enjoyed all the videos tremendously. thank you for taking the time to make them as it inspired me to dig deeper into the statistics field. Hope this message will reach you and inspire you to keep making this type of great content.

Really enjoying these videos, Justin. Please keep 'em coming. Although I understand the distinction between correlation and interaction, I'd be interested to see how you might explain it in your inimitable fashion.

Thank you so, so much for these videos. They are immensely helpful in actually understanding statistics as opposed to just memorizing things. I’m learning statistics for work and your videos make things so interesting and easy to comprehend. Truly amazing explanations!

This is such great prep before doing a business stats unit for the first time. Thanks heaps Justin!!

best stats teacher on youtube, thank you so much for your videos here

So well put together and crystal clear! Thank you!

Thank you very much Sir, one of the best explanation on the planet. From Iran

Your videos greatly aid understanding of a concept. Thank you for your contribution to society!

Thank you lots for the awesome video that actually focused on what can be accomplished by using the formulas and what they cosist of.

Love how you always try to build a strong intuitive understanding of formulae!

Absolute Gold - this series

Another great video explanation, reminds me of my A Level stats many moons ago!

What a boon for people new to statistics .Thank you for explaining so logically !:)

I am from Asia , and I love you man , Your explanation is so great ‘ easy to understand

Such a clear and logical explanation! Thanks a lot man!

Bless your heart, Justin Z.

You are a gift to the world!

this channel is a blessing!

Fantastic explanation!! Very intuitive and easy to understand .

Sir, you're the best at this. Hands down.

You explained better than my lecturer and textbook! Thank you.

Good work. I have never watched even one video on RU-vid explaining that how statistical formulas are constructed. We just apply them but never learn and taught how to make them instead.

Great explanation, I love the quick and dirty explanations.

Simply amazing!! Never thought it's so easy!! 🙏

Zedstatistics. You have out done yourself!!!👏👏👏

Thank you so so so much! I thank God for you. Keep doing what you are doing.

Thank you, it was extremely informative 😁. You take your time and explain it very clearly.

Here is the gist: Covariance gives you one piece of information. It measures the direction of the two variables (positive or negative) positive (direct relationship) means that when one variable increases the other increases and negative means that when one variable increases the other decreases (inverse relationship), whereas, correlation gives you two pieces of information. It gives you the direction (positive or negative) and the strength of the relationship by being a number between (0 and 1). If two variables have a very strong relationship their coefficient might be .90 and if there is a weak relationship the coefficient might be .20

I just loved your explanations.it was very helpful

Thank you for explaining this all easily!!

I'm finishing a Data Science speciaization on Coursera and the current course is dry as hell, feels like I'm eating an yogurt made of sand. This video is an oasis ou clarity and ease. I'm gonna watch all your videos on the same topics of the other course, this one helped me immensely. Thanks a lot!

Great lesson. Thank you!

I love your videos. Made my concepts clear. Please make videos of design of experiments. All the deisgns . I'm suffering so much in my studies

I bow down to your knowledge sir, Namastey!

Thank you so much for the videos. They are truly helpful. Can you make videos for time series and panel data analysis?

Hey Justin, Can you make some explanatory videos about panel data, fixed effects please? Thank you very much! Love your content!

You are an awesome teacher!!!! Thanks.

Hi! Your series about the regression was perfectly done and it really helps understand the concept. Could you please do the similar one in topic: all about the ANOVA method?

THE CONTENT I NEED- SUBSCRIBED

Amazing video! Thank you.

Thank you so much for this explanation!!!!

Brilliant description on covariance

Very clear.. Amazing !!

Very good, thank you Justin.

Thank you so much clean explanation

great stat teacher on yt

A gifted teacher

Very useful, Thank you so much ❤️

Thank you for this useful content my friend.

perfect explanation👍

Love it! you're amazing, keep going!

I should give YOU my tuition. Thank you sir!

I love you man... You saved me 😭❤️

You're perfect teacher

Thank you so much. It was very helpful

Yo. This is what I have been trying to do to gain a better understanding. I would like to see the derivation of all PDFS from scratch . That would be amazing, but it seems like even P.H.D students have a hard time with this for some reason and I havent found it online. Usually the proofs for these things are done through moment generating functions. I believe you would have to start first with chi-quared, then go to something like t because to involves chi-squared.

You are very good at building intuition, something my university teachers were very lacking. Thank you for this video and your efforts. One question that always bugs me and can't really figure it out is that for me it seems like this kind of thing has to do with the order in which you put the values in the table. I'm more concerned with the theoretical model. Like It would gave the same results if you just shuffled the rows around, but then it wouldn't give the intuition (or not as obvious) of seeing how they are negatively correlated. Like I'm thinking let's say we have a two samples x, y, you can order them of course in whatever way you want cause they were generated or measured randomly (eg. asking people in different order). When I'm thinking graphically, I always see putting the x values in ascending order, but how you draw the y values depends on what order you are taking them, right? And in which order you draw them could can cause positive or negative correlation or none as well. I think I'm kind of confused : )

Why are statisticians interested in covariance if it is not informative as correlation? EXCELLENT VIDEO.

Блестяще. Как раз мой уровень))

Marvelous ❤

Excellent video! Did u happen to cover proof/intuition behind why correlation lies between -1 and 1? Thanks

THANK YOU FOR EVERYTHING

many thanks!

Thank you, just thank you.

Thank you very much!!!!!!

Tnx alot sir. Nice explaining

Thank you!

Thanks!

life saver!!!

Time series please

Please make videos on statics in deep learning

Can you do a series on sampling distribution, pleasee!

Hey. Can u make a video on step by step course for series of video on stats, to be consumed in your tutorial.

Excellent

Thank you for all 🤍

Great videos. It would be nice with some time series :-)

please please do a complete tutorial on panel data analysis!!!!im starting my phd and i feel safe to know that you taking chrge of my model!!!will you???if you do please hurry!!ive searched today in youtube about panel data and there is a huge gap between you and the others!!!!

Love from India ❤️

thanks a lot

Just a boss public bro🥰

thanks sir

Thanks for the video. If the mean is the average of weighted X, to find the deviation, the X should also be multiplied by the probability weights right?

While finding correlation between x & y , we are dividing cov(x,y) by the product of sd(x) and sd(y).What are we actually doing here?How does it work?

First! * Could you please make videos about Time series...?

Hi zed. You forgot to explain the intuition behind why we divide covariance by the 2 std dev to get the correlation. Could you explain it?

Could you please elaborate on why did you use the joint probability of X and Y when calculating the Variance of X?

Can you please tell what is mean by interclass correlation coefficient

8:23 how did you get this values of 5.70 and 1.87. I try to understand the calculation. It isn't the variance or standard deviation.. plz help

how do you get the (5.70) and the (1.87) in the CORR formula?