I'd be interested to hear more about what is meant by 'enterprise' vs 'development' databases. Do you simply mean 'proprietary' vs 'open-source'? Both MySQL and PostgreSQL are very capable database systems, and I don't think 'development' is a fair category for these as they are both used widely for heavy production workloads. Both also have stored procedures, although the implementation is quite basic at least in MySQL, whereas I understand you can do quite advanced things in Oracle's and SQL Server's stored procedures.
All 3 are different... different paths ...try finding yourself... AI though is border in sense & ML (machine learning) is a subset of AI and DL (deep learning) subset of ML and GenAI subset of DL ... DS usually works with ML ...AI engineer works mostly with product based companies... they kinda built pretrained models or AI agents for businesses.. can't explain everything in chat .. research more on the above said ...all the best
