What makes people great chess players? Cognitive scientist answers.

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What creates a great chess player - their IQ, how they train, their personalities, their motivation? Here's my read of the existing research literature.
00:00 Introduction
00:41 Will having a high IQ make you good at chess?
03:12 Does playing chess improve your IQ?
4:15 The influence of training
5:41 The influence of personality and motivation
6:51 The cultural context
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References:
The meta-analysis of IQ/cognitive ability with chess skill is here:
Burgoyne, A. P., Sala, G., Gobet, F., Macnamara, B. N., Campitelli, G., & Hambrick, D. Z. (2016). The relationship between cognitive ability and chess skill: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Intelligence, 59, 72-83. eprints.lse.ac.uk/102241/1/IN...
The meta-analysis on whether chess playing increases IQ is here:
Sala, G., & Gobet, F. (2017). Does far transfer exist? Negative evidence from chess, music, and working memory training. Current directions in psychological science, 26(6), 515-520. journals.sagepub.com/doi/full...
On the occasional reversal of the relationship between IQ and chess skill, see:
Bilalić, M., McLeod, P., & Gobet, F. (2007). Does chess need intelligence?-A study with young chess players. Intelligence, 35(5), 457-470. bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2...
The meta-analysis on training and chess skill is here:
Charness, N., Tuffiash, M., Krampe, R., Reingold, E., & Vasyukova, E. (2005). The role of deliberate practice in chess expertise. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 19(2), 151-165. clinica.ispa.pt/ficheiros/are...
On chess and personality, check out:
Vollstädt-Klein, S., Grimm, O., Kirsch, P., & Bilalić, M. (2010). Personality of elite male and female chess players and its relation to chess skill. Learning and Individual Differences, 20(5), 517-521. www.researchgate.net/profile/...
The study linking chess skill, deliberate practice, and motivation is here:
De Bruin, A. B., Rikers, R. M. J. P., & Schmidt, H. G. (2007). The influence of achievement motivation and chess-specific motivation on deliberate practice. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29(5), 561. www.researchgate.net/profile/...
On the "domain-specificity" of expertise, the best resource is probably:
Ericsson, K. A., Hoffman, R. R., Kozbelt, A., & Williams, A. M. (Eds.). (2018). The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance. Cambridge University Press.
But that's the best resource for a lot of the expertise literature! If you can't get your hands on it, here's an interesting article talking about how creativity (something that many people assume is domain-general) is actually quite domain-specific:
Baer, J. (2015). The importance of domain-specific expertise in creativity. Roeper Review, 37(3), 165-178. www.academia.edu/download/513...

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4 авг 2024

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Комментарии : 51

@wit9976 4 месяца назад

either his house is abnormally big, or he's really small

@Learner1144 4 дня назад

He is sitting

@stageconvention2298 Год назад

Your videos are fantastic !!

@jesseskellington9427 3 месяца назад

Thanks for making this video it's just what I was looking for :-)

@bakeral-sheyab546 Год назад

Dude plzzzz make a lot of videos maaaaaaaaaaakkkeeeeee

@iNeFFaBLeSaPiEN Год назад

Thanks

@stageconvention2298 Год назад

Thanke

@admin-morres007 Год назад

Chess increases tactical and strategic thinking 😮

@avimir8805 Год назад

Nah, it's more domain-specific (fancy termin from comment below)

@ptirus Год назад

Tus vídeos son muy buenos!

@benjaminkeep Год назад

Muchas gracias!

@uouo5313 5 месяцев назад

I'm a chess teacher to complete beginners and up to about 1200-1300 rating. Are there any particular encoding strategies or teaching methods youd particularly recommend? I'm currently encorporating variable priority training (rotating focus).

@callebergbom5389 10 месяцев назад

Nice content! How would you go about memorizing a lot of similar charts with similar content? An action leads to another state with a new set of charts. (I really want to become good at poker Texas hold em nl pre flop)

@raineestudy8504 3 месяца назад

I play poker too actually and I'm interested in the same topic. There's so much to remember.

@miladragon Год назад

I've seen other commenters saying so on your other videos, and I would agree that the switching of angles is a bit disorienting. I would stick with the close shots.

@benjaminkeep Год назад

Yeah, it was something I experimented with. But totally agree with you. I kind of like doing the b-roll better. I also probably did not change angles very effectively b/c I don't have much experience with editing.

@tkylem8993 Год назад

Really interesting video, this was great! This made me curious to know what your thoughts are on the "too old to learn x" question. When it comes to learning new skills like chess or a musical instrument, there are always people saying "well if you're age x, it's too late for you to be great at this." I've always been curious if this is due to simply not enough time in the day for say a 20-year old beginner to catch up to a 5-year old beginner? Or are adults truly not able to reach a certain level beyond a certain age regardless of time spent in practice? Thanks again for all that you've done, really enjoying these!

@benjaminkeep Год назад

This is a great question! You've put your thumb on two important explanations. I would say that both play a role in limiting the levels of performance that older people can achieve. Time is a huge factor. But brain changes also occur. How much of those changes are due to life-style and how much are "inevitable" developmental changes is somewhat murky (at least to me). But a lot depends on what we're area we're talking about. And, often, I think the "too old to do X" sentiment is overstated. If I started training to become a professional basketball player right now (at 40 years old), it's pretty obvious I wouldn't make it. And not just because I'm 5'4". Even people who have been training since they were kids age out of the profession by 40. It's reaction time, strength, speed, etc. If I were to start training now, it's also about fixing lots of bad habits - certain ways that my body moves, seeing the court, anticipating others' body movements. A tremendous amount of learned experience goes into people performing at the highest level. But what "great" means also changes over time. If the competition is weaker, then "greatness" is easier to achieve. Older brains have a key advantage, too: accumulated knowledge and experience. You won't become as good a celloist as Yo-Yo Ma if you started training right now. But you might develop the skill to quite a high level, gain a lot of enjoyment and pleasure out of that skill, and even make your own contribution to the music world.

@tkylem8993 Год назад

@@benjaminkeep Thanks for the reply! I definitely have felt like I'm growing more in knowledge today in my mid-30's than I did in my admittedly unfocused teens and twenties. The studies I've seen all seem to indicate that it's all downhill from here, but I'm certainly hoping that's overstated. And I think that's an excellent point you hit on with defining what great is. In your basketball example, being able to go toe-to-toe with Steph Curry is likely out of range at this point, but improving your ball-handling, shooting and court vision to a level that makes you a key player on a rec league certainly seems reasonable. Or being Yo-Yo Ma is out of the question, but reaching a level that you can be a key member in a community orchestra is probably within the realm of possibility. Great insights, I really appreciate the time!

@unknown-10k 2 года назад

What's the difference between domain-general abilities and domain-specific abilities ??

@benjaminkeep 2 года назад

A domain-general ability is something that crosses domains (subjects). People used to think that if you were generically "smart" you would just be good at a lot of things. Some people argue that brain training helps you remember your grocery list and solve math problems and read more effectively. Or they argue that critical thinking is a generic ability (if you're a good critical thinker, that should help you in math, in history, in business, etc.). There are some things that cross (or "transfer") domains. Data visualization seems to be something that people can spontaneously transfer, for instance. But more often than not, skills do not "cross-over," even skills that you think would cross over. Domain-specific abilities are things that don't cross over. Learning how to check a carburetor on your car doesn't make you a better cook. That's what I mean when I say most of what makes up expertise is domain-specific - it's going to help you in that specific area, but not help you anywhere else (though there are some exceptions that are worth exploring).

@H3XED_OwO Год назад

@@benjaminkeep Would a high Level of creative thinking skill reduce the gap between domain-general and domain-specific abilities? Highly creative thinkers might know how to find connections from a specific skill unto the a more general skill; Therefore creating better analogies or utilisations onto a domain-general problem.

@BetterChessTraining 2 года назад

Glad I stumbled onto this channel when searching for deliberate practice and noticed you had a couple chess skill videos as well. Would you be interested in collaborating say an interview on my channel?

@benjaminkeep Год назад

Great collaborating. For those reading, the video is here: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-pIE5hD09yi4.html

@malongsserve4735 Год назад

Hello Benjamin, can you please do an analysis of Richard Haier's work? I've been paranoid on a daily basis because of how probabilistic he makes life outcomes appear from intelligence research. I don't think I have low intelligence, but I've been concerned whether or not I have the baseline to major in what I want. I need some encouragement, thank you.

@benjaminkeep Год назад

I've been planning a longer video on IQ. Probably won't be out for a little while, but it is in the works!

@malongsserve4735 Год назад

@@benjaminkeep Looking forward to it. I must say Jordan Peterson also leans much towards biological determinism, and his videos on intelligence have not only made me paranoid but other people as well. I recall reading a post from a former physics major on a forum recently. Like myself, the physics major also expressed fear from Peterson's rhetoric. I can only imagine how many other people it's affecting.

@MyVoid312 10 месяцев назад

Hi where is part 1 or 2?

@EliDollinger 7 месяцев назад

If 6% of the variation in skill is explained by key cognitive factors and 40% of the variation is explained by deliberate practice, what explains the remaining 54%?

@sugetsumillenium2112 5 месяцев назад

Unknown factors essentially

@naftalibendavid 20 дней назад

Peanut butter.

@Oakwoodhotelancasino Месяц назад

He protected he’s camera with another camera as it he was protecting a peace’s

@fowa5223 Год назад

IAM dealing with ADHD can chess reduce the symptoms????¿?¿??¿?¿??¿???¿????¿?

@benjaminkeep Год назад

Sorry, I am not the right person to ask. If you've gotten a professional diagnosis, I would ask your doctor or psychiatrist.

@mzs114 9 месяцев назад

Chess is passe, computers can beat humans, switch to a better risklike game, battle for wesnoth 😅

@cyrusmann5443 2 месяца назад

Chess isn't a risklik, nothing is chance based in chess. Nobody cares if computers beat humans when the entire point is beating another human.

@ProLansPl 8 дней назад

just don't tell him computers can beat humans in literally every skill-based game with strictly defined rules xD

@Oakwoodhotelancasino Месяц назад

I disagree learning chess will make you smarter then if you didn’t learn chess very simple logic learning anything will make you smarter then not learning it

@shadeburst 8 месяцев назад

No there are no innate differences between individuals and we could all be rock stars, Nobel prize winners and tech billionaires if we wanted it badly enough. Your explanation fails to convince.

@cyrusmann5443 2 месяца назад

There are innate differences, the best of us know how to work around them. And yes, working hard will make things go better in anything. Hard work is running in the race, natural aptitude is like a headstart, you can still beat those with headstarts, you just gotta run faster.

@chicassoproductions8527 9 дней назад

In respect to your examples I would argue that who you know is far more indicative of attaining those goals than what you know.

@udittalpade2254 5 месяцев назад

Where is the proof that chess players have an higher IQ than the average? We need proof.

@uouo5313 5 месяцев назад

Just Google it, there are studies. As he said, it only accounts for a very small percentage of the variance between chess players. Hikaru Nakamura (3rd in the world in classical) has an IQ of 102 (average). IQ tests mostly measure how good you are at IQ tests, they're not a particularly reliable indicator of intelligence broadly.

@javiazar 8 месяцев назад

I mean... if chess skill isn't correlated with IQ, how come only humans can play chess?

@PNL1992 7 месяцев назад

This is such a wild question. 1. Computers play chess. Better than any person that has ever lived or ever will live. Your Smart Phone can beat Magnus Carlsen. 2. Humans do a bunch of things that only humans do, but aren’t correlated with IQ…

@cyrusmann5443 2 месяца назад

If a gorilla was given opposable thumbs it could eventually learn with time. But even with differences in iq, even the less intelligent of us is much smarter than the average monkey or canine.

@oreidaazenha23 2 месяца назад

@@PNL1992Yeah,but who created the computers,Einstein? It still being exclusively correlated to humans anyways,even if you consider that a computer can play chess,who programmed the computer to have the ability of playing chess?

@PNL1992 2 месяца назад

@@oreidaazenha23 computers, the best ones, are all self taught. And to say “a computer was made by a person, so a people are still smarter” is such a dumb statement.