What Matter Makes Up Our Known Universe? | Jim Al-Khalili | Spark 

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Prof. Jim is right up there with Brian Cox, as one of the most engaging and inspiring teachers of our time

I just revised my second law of thermodynamics at my age 91. In my college days I worked a lot with Entropy when working on steam cycle. I also happened to visit Fusion laboratory in Oxfordshire on a College trip and was intrigued by a 700 ton flywheel was used to give a sudden burst of energy required for Fusion experimement. I read scientists are gradually aproaching the temperature required for sustained fusion. Great lectureby Prof. Al Khalili.

This is one of the best and most beautiful documentaries on science in existence today.

Years ago I watched these series and they actually blew my tiny little mind and I feel like my life since then has been perpetually falling down this rabbit hole over and over and over.

He has a unique way of explaining relatively complex and difficult to explain ideas and processes so that they become accessible

Everything Jim writes or creates is simply awesome !

3:56 ライプニッツ (Leibniz) 14:08 カルノー (Carnot) 22:21 クラウジウス (Clausius) 29:59ボルツマン (Boltzmann

Cambridge Prof Simon Schaffer's commentary was particularly wonderful to listen to. Thank you, Wonderful program. Beautifully edited.

This is probably the best documentary channel on youtube right now. Always excited when they upload!

This documentary video must be shown in every school teaching physics!

I normally don't find these interesting, but I like this episode 👌

Great stuff. I watch over 5 times to understand it all. Congrats!

He's one of my favorites. Also he might be the only person born in Iraq named Jim. Respect 🙏

Probably the best documentary that I’ve ever watched…

I have concluded one thing. Discovery requires a tremendous amount of thinking.

One of the most exciting episodes of popular science videos. I am watching it for the third time and it is still a mesmerizing amalgam of facts, history, and most of all, a great narrative.

This series of documentary is in totally different level. I'm truly amazed in many ways.

The car shot with you talking is brilliant. Keep up the great work !! ❤🤲🏻

Understanding the universe is fantastic.

Great fun documentary if you’re enrolled in mechanical engineering thermodynamics… I graduated years and I think knowing a little history behind Clausius statement would’ve been nice.

BEAUTIFUL. AMAZING. Unreal. Production value is off the charts. Ambient music kills it. Big thanks to all involved with this Spark.

What a way to tell..... Marvelous. Wish everybody could see your immense dedication and contribution.

That silk portrait of Jacquard was hanging on the wall in the living room in my grandparents' house, and the cousins and I never had any idea what it was. Our family came from Lyon and started a silk works in Pennsylvania way way back in the day. Glad I watched this!

One of the best science videos I've ever seen....

EXTRA ORDINARY RESEARCH FOR THIS INFORMATIVE EPISODE 🎉 THANKS FOR

This is an amazing documentary

I love this guy he is a phenomenal human being. He's a wonderful teacher. More people to pay attention to what this man has to say. He is on point! 🙏🙏

It's just amazing how quickly Humanity has developed.

A profoundly thought-provking documentary which forms a bridge between "intangible" and "tangilble". Absoultely worth investing 2 hours.

goosebumps while watching that fusion reactor glow, amazing

46:41 omg.... the intensity! I will have to say i can somewhat relate to the pressures of ot being understood when trying to say or do what i need to. Ill leave it at that as im quite sure most will know where im comics from. It is what i hope is taken farther and explainable to progress in better undersranding entropy in all areas especially psychologically.

Amazing content! Thanks for sharing knowledge!!

These are all the best documentaries I've ever seen. I never fully understood the double Slit experiment till I watched him!

Prof.Jim!!✋ zawsze poziom i elegancja wykładu popularno-naukowego✨🌹,,rzeczywistość,,zadziwia i szokuje🌃😯!?

Anything Jim Al Khalili does is brilliant. He keeps it easy to understand and always interesting. The thing about these videos, the amount of adverts! Does anyone watch them or does everyone press skip ASAP?

One of the best documentaries

This program was thrilling and, strangely inspiring to me. The beauty, and the Majesty of it all and its ability to be perceived by man.

Takes me back to the dark days of physical chemistry and Dr Stubbins thermodynamics lectures. I wish we had had Jim!

Do not forget Emilie du Chatelet that droppede Ball into clay to measure the impact. She found the kinetic energy KE = k m v^2 , but well the concept of KE did not exist at that time.

That was the most beautiful inspiring educational program I’ve ever. Thank you.

This has became one of my favorite channels on RU-vid. I love it.

Being from northern UK the cotton mills were a huge thing here during the industrial revolution

Can I git two Tokamacs, small fries and a cherry coke?

I'm proud that I thought entropy on my own before learning about it from the experts... I could could understand how things went from a hot state to a cool state...but not vice versa... this in fact was a form of entropy...

Why distinguish deletion? I'd say storing information needs energy too. And copying feels like better choice for the basic operation. Moving, or "destructive copying" is for free, and duplication takes energy.

Very interesting. This documentary was produced few years back. Wonder what new tech and discoveries have been made since

I love his narration 👏🙏 so cozy to listen to and engaging.

True, writing words has done a lot for us, but we need a code that will forever remain clear, concise, and nonambiguous. 😭

LOVE your programmes.. thanx!

This video must be shown in every schools teaching physics!

Loved every bit of this 💡☎️🖥️ Always makes a subject interesting does JAK🏆

These are the best documentaries ever

so, when i didnt clean my room as a teenager, i was more in tune with the universe 🤪

Jim Al Khalili is so amazing explaining things about Physics

Really great content! Should be seen by every student

I used to love Dr Jim Khalili on the BBC especially the one sentence after 10 minutes footage with scary sci fi music taking you the brink followed by 10 minutes of more silence & music. Missing BBC zillions & still no curvature.

Very lucid description of most complex problems. Thank you.

From Jacquards loom to algorythms! Fascinating

35:47 amazingly shown. Am a bit relieved i must say feeling the way i do. This does get me upset about how our schools ate lacking teaching. I loved Biology, 98 average and band as well. There is so much i was pushed out of and my daughters generation is even worse. Had it been different, i know id been so much farther and my daughter as well. Its terrible how things are these days.

Mais um trabalho espetacular.....obrigado, mestre!

I love listening to him and his way 9f speaking on silence and it's history. Keep it up Jim Ali kalili

My Je'daii character in Star Wars is an academic who understands that all things end. The second law of thermal-dynamics are a chief reason for that.

Tracking blobs in the turbulent edge plasma of a tokamak fusion device

Does the speed of light limit also apply to the vibration of atoms? If so than there is a maximum temperature?

Someone, please explain, in maxwell's demon thought experiment, even with the information about molecule separation of cold and hot molecules requires some energy right?

What a informative video

Thank you Professor Jim. This was very informative.

...Wonderful study on physics and information....However, never forget this. There had to be a 1st Cause for both physics and information. And it is undeniable that both physics and information must come from an Intelligent Source.

Excellent informations thanks sir

Absolutely awesome presentation

The one thing I'm grateful for. No matter what we do we will never destroy space or touch it like we have ravaged ourselves and our planet. Once we are gone the universe will carry on like we were never here... As pure as it always was.

Yet another brilliant documentary, joining events over time to show where we are at this moment. But a fundamental aspect needs great consideration as 'things move from order to disorder' tapping into the 'rate' of or 'speed/velocity' of this disorder changes by either decreasing or increasing depending on inventions and developments - but, what is the mean rate of entropy?. If the goal of human is to delay reaching 'total entropy', then what we are doing to the climate is of importance. Not bringing religion into this but in religious text we know that we start an action and its another that continues ('the Moses to Joshua effect', throughout this documentary progress had been highlighted in this way) So where a seed is sown now with technology and the continuous development thereof we need time. If we know the 'rate' we know our timing and the steps that are the best way forward.

I'm thinking what they built even then, was marvellous.

Thank you for sharing your knowledge, i really appreciate. 🙏🙏

Thanx so much professor indeed u changed my world

1:13:03 perfectly executed thought spoken before you speak it into existence and then it becomes a reality that you don’t have to worry about your own feelings about it anymore because you are the one who has to be the one ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤😂 1:24:08

In this video, Jim explored how information and energy are entangled and are encoded in the nature of binary bits, only the next step of superposition of QUBITS allowed Maldacena to conjecture how quantum computing function can explain everything in the universe and let Penrose explain how irreversible system can be built from reversible (big bang to big crunch in an ever cyclic universe when entropy was always increasing.

Hey dude, I watched yr video on Quantum Physics, which I really enjoyed as you described it superbly, but canna seem to find the second part… anyone help? 🙏

Truly mesmerizingly beautiful. Thank you.

Liebniz: Philosopher, scientist and master biscuit maker 😊

Great music too

The plasma inside a Tokamak fusion reactor is a bit different than a star. The fusion in a star relies more on pressure than heat. We can’t recreate that pressure in a Tokamak, but we can make the plasma hotter than the core of a star, which compensates for the low pressure. A Tokamak is over 5 times hotter than the core of the Sun. We also rely on hydrogen isotopes that are quite a bit easier to fuse than ordinary hydrogen.

You are awesome teacher, thank you.

If the tokamak really sounds like that then it's legit kickass. 55:30

Entropy = More Probable Information = Order (static or mobile) but creation of order is by the increase in entropy or disorder. Spray of water (order) wets dry plant (increase in disorder) making it flower (order) which withers (disorder).

When Jack Copeand said that the computer fell sideways thats how the truly great ones roll.

It is not the 'data' containing the information, but the context or machine giving it meaning and classifying the data type sets. Encryption revolves around the same concept, which changes the context by Permutation or alteration. When the data gets put in context by the machine. And Maxwell's demon doesn't work, because the speed and amount of fast and slow moving particles gets changed in each chamber, making measurements interfere asymmetrically and slow particles keeping the 'door' open for too long for slow moving particles to pass. Also the walls would also start bouncing around.

25:10 By looking at 2 different-temperature bodies in contact with one another, you can't tell if the hot if moving to the cold or the cold is moving to the hot. Without knowing the hot body is the carrier of the energy, the change amounts to the same thing. Nowadays, we know that heat is just another way of looking at kinetic energy, and we can form theories.

0:23 the earth looks exactly like the Hubble deep field image here 🤯

More Jim.... he's a wonderful presenter

Amazing video, thank you!

What is the musical soundtrack to this documentary?

Never the less interesting part of history would be to know who and how manufctured these massive machinery parts...

Everything grows, lives and dies, just like life . I can't believe the universe is only here once, no matter for how long. Just like it came to being in the first place it will come again

I also have my ups and downs like Boltzmann. I can be productive when I feel energetic but when in an emotional slump, I let things slide thus creating a scene of disarray. Maybe his depression led him to discover entropy.

Can you imagine a universe where S < 0.

At 26:33 there's an incorrect statement: "as hot things cool their entropy increases". This is almost always wrong as the the derivative of entropy wr to energy is the inverse of temlerature (that's temperature's definition, in fact), so as long as the temperature is positive the changes in energy and entropy are always of the same sign: they either increase together or decrease together. There are states that have effectively negative temperature, such as states of atoms in lasers, however in simple systems like a cup of tea temperature is positive. And so, for these systems the opposite of what Jim is saying is true. Comment below if you know how to amend Jim's statement (this is rather simple, really), or let me know if you need pointers to the relevant exposition.

1:36:40 Charge your phone, Jim xD

I was going to sleep prior to coming across this