What Survives Inside A Black Hole? 

Those background animations are actually extremely well made and helpful. Shout out to the animators!

Inside a black hole, there lies a tessaract of book shelves.

"Frame Dragging" sounds like some fight game exploit. lol

You know you're watching quality content when your vid proceeds to answer a problem that, until 10 minutes ago, I didn't even consider to have existed.

How does this guy make it enjoyable to spend 14 minutes listening to things I’ll never understand? I tip my hat

"this is why you don't let graduate students name things" - Damn I love this channel!

"And the only thing that went through the bowl of petunias' mind was 'Oh no, not again.' "

Q: What kind of liquor does an abstract mathematician drink? A: Theo-rum

"Black holes have no hairs" Okay lol

I'm pretty sure memes would survive. Those buggers never die.

I like how he always answers the joke question with a straight face. There needs to be some bloopers too.

Love the Douglas Addams reference 😂😂😂

I'm early got to make a joke our attempts at unifying gravity with the other fundamental forces.

I never had the math skills to get into the space sciences that I always loved as a kid but I never stopped loving space and learning about the universe. Thanks for putting up these videos! I hope I get to see humans on another world in my lifetime.

1:20 Black holes have such reality-warping powers they changed the spelling of *theorem* to *theorum* 😂😂😂

10:24 the whale and Petunias--brilliant! LOL!

Question: If a black hole acts as if the charge of anything that fell through the event horizon is spread through the entire sphere does that mean that measurements of electrical charge on one side of the event horizon change instantaneously when an electrically charged system falls in from the other side of the event horizon?

If black holes can remember to shave, what's Matt's excuse?

Black holes are so spooky. I wish it were possible to send a probe into one and get it back somehow.

Love the subtle Hitchhiker's guide reference.

Great video! Recently, a study concluded that up to 1 million habitable exoplanets can orbit a black hole :O

Matt really reminds me of the ancient astronomers that observed the motions of the sun across the sky relentlessly for centuries, always repeating the same cycles. After much discussion, debate, and ideological banter, they eventually all got fed up and decided to call it a day.

I’ve read/watched so many things on Black Holes that I absolutely abhor when I have to hear “[...] not even light can escape it!”

Here's a thought: What if there is no "inside" a black hole? What if everything (charge/mass/angular momentum) really is all stuck at the event horizon, on a two-dimensional surface? I reckon it probably is. I reckon time stops at the event horizon, so nothing ever can actually fall into the center at all.

"......that's it." XD I'm dead

In the quantum mechanics model of spacetime, empty space has a zero-point energy. If space is constantly falling into a black-hole or towards any massive object, what happens to that energy?

The conservation of mass and charge inside a black hole made so much sense the second he reminded me Gravity and charge are infinite in range..So even if it took infinite time they would eventually cross the event horizon. for it to infinite it must eventually cross that horizon and persist onwards.

PBS Space time I really, really love your videos. Keep doing these and Thank you

4:30 Thats an interesting proposition: The original object that comprised the singularity can no longer even be there. It could simply be an empty void inside, but, the space around it would still behave as though it (and the information that comprised it) was.

-What happens in a black hole, stays in a black hole. -No, you're thinking of Vegas.

nice, good explanation, i think i can accept it and even understand a little =). But following up on this idea, lets say an electron falls into a previously neutral black hole by going past its event horizon on the left side of the black hole. Presumably the electron inside will move to the center, however, for the external observer it will still appear as if there is an electron at left side of the black hole. So now we have a black hole with an electric field which does not appear to originate from its center, i.e. the center of the black hole and the (effective) center of the electric field are not in the same spot in space. I can understand that this is easily rectified if we say that electrons enter the black hole from all sides and therefore the total electric field is symmetric with respect to the center of the black hole. And like you say, from Gauss's, it doesnt matter if all the charge is located at the center or on the edges of a sphere, the electric field looks the same. Hopefully i understand this correctly.

Gravity in 2-D and charge in 3-D have little in common, although fields have properties in common.March 2022: If 20 solar masses got out of the black hole during a merger such that Earth experienced the gravitational wave passing through, then the black hole must have Gravitons in the smallest confinement, resembling 2-D space. What survives in the atom, behind the shell? Chemical bonds, thermal energy, enthalpy and entropy: TNT. And what's in the black hole? A sequence or pattern that reorganizes in space where time is slow 🐌. Phasor or pulsar occur when the lexicon favors release of energy and radiation.

What I really like about this show as a 9th grader is that I understand nothing 😂 It's a really great show though, thanks PBS!

Well, now I know where I should send my mother in law! Thank you! 😁👍

"We don't serve faster than light neutrinos" says the bartender. A neutrino walks into the bar.

I want a PBS Spacetime poster that just says "Hairy Black Holes"

*Remembering* stuff about _things_ that no longer belong to THIS universe. That is -Déjà vu- _Reading Steiner_ El Psy Kongroo

If a black hole is a cut off region of spacetime does that mean that we won't ever fully and completely understand black holes?

And the bartender says “We don’t serve faster than light particles here”...A tachyon walks into a bar.

i never get bored of black hole videos

Spaghetti. Spaghetti can’t get spaghettified.

Now I'm wondering What if two black holes with exactly opposite angular momentum collide? Edit: Also, what happens when two black holes, one made entirely of matter and the other, antimatter, collide?

That nod to “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy”. 😆

That hitchhikers guide to the galaxy reference killed me

My step-dad is a train driver, he said there's always light at the end of a tunnel!

What happens to the graviational field of a black hole when it reaches the minimal critical mass during evaporation at the end of its life?

I'm eager to hear you talking about the rotating black holes!

Me: What Survives Inside A Black Hole? Dom: Family

Could you make a video about the history of electromagnetism and the Maxwell equations??? PLEEEEASE!

I love how the "Lines of Force" graphical representation, looks like the Death Star firing at Alderon.... :P

Pure energy. No light and no relative motion.

I have GOT to find an occasion to slip that joke in lol

Wow did you guys plan this with The Science Asylum?

13:38 [Conservation of Information] "John asks whether the only way to truly erase a hard drive is to throw it into a black hole" (Narrator: Not even that's enough. The information lingers on). Let's rephrase this at a more personal level: what happens to the information making up your memories, identity, knowledge - your mind - when the body dies?

I rarely comment. That was the funniest physics joke I've ever heard. I belly laughed for a while. Perfect delivery too. Great channel. Great videos. Keep up the great work.

10:22 Caught your Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy reference

Could we "build" the equivalent of a black hole in the electromagnetic field? Is that even a thing?

Now with the phonemenom of "entanglement". I've been curious for some time about how a pair of "entangled" particles behave when one particle falls inside a black hole, beyond it's event horizon and the other is at another part of the universe. Since effects of "entanglement" are "instantaneous" and do not obey the speed of light, "spooky action at a distance according to Einstein", but can easily escape the immense gravitation pull of a black hole; which will not even allow light to escape. How would these particles behave? Has there been any scientific explanation presented on this possibility?

All matter inside a black hole is so condensed that the gravity is so intense, that light cannot escape. That is a lot of matter, packed very tight.

Everytime I think about black holes, the theme music from Disney's 1979 movie The Black Hole comes to mind. "In through and beyond!" Black Holes are teaching us about the structure of spacetime. Entanglement isn't just some strange isolated quirk of the quantum world. It's looking to be fundamental in constructing the framework of spacetime itself. It's the key to understanding how gravity fits into the picture. So it's an intriguing time for Astrophysics.

Pot of petunias and a whale... Douglas Adam would be impressed.

theorum

You have become a much better presenter over the past few years. Kudos.

How come I've watched this episode a thousand times and I only just noticed the tiny physics joke at the beginning ;D nice delivery, Matt, I cracked a lol

American astronauts trying to pass on information to their daughter through gravity waves?

Hi, thanks a lot for your great explanations! I wonder how it is possible to infer the amount of charge within a black hole if this would need the exchange of virtual photons. How could they escape the event horizon? You mentioned this information is "frozen" in the EM field when a charge enters the black hole, how is this possible in the "particle picture"?

You guys really need to do a podcast, it will be so popular!!!!

I heard somewhere the other day some scientists are starting to seriously consider blackholes might actually be wormholes.

I just finished taking a test on Roman numerals. I got every question right. They only gave me a C :)

If you create a pair of entangled photons, and thrown one into a black hole, does the spooky action at a distance still occurs or the entanglements is broken?

Love the Hitchhiker's guide the the Galaxy reference - whale and bowl of petunias XD

This is the best channel on RU-vid

You know John's Hard Drive is already full of black holes.

At 1:21 "Theorem" is misspelled.

It's the spirits that go to the other side of the black holes to a higher dimension or to a lower dimension where ever it deserves to be

So does the Higgs field permeate through the black hole, giving it mass? Makes me wonder if we can get information from inside the black hole by studying how different quantum fields are affected, especially since they are supposed to conserve information. Would love to drop this concept into a mathematical formula.

In a system of one singularity orbiting another in a slowly decaying orbit will there be a point at which their event horizons overlap creating a two lobed black whole? When do the two black wholes become a single spherical black whole (disregarding the bulge due to angular momentum)? How fast does the surface of the event horizon change from two lobed to spherical once the change begins?

How can the magnetic field of a charged black hole escape the event horizon?

I recently watched some super massive black holes on a different tube site.

I'm marvelling at the concept of having an audience for a youtube channel that can actually get and laugh at a joke like Matt makes in the last seconds of this episode :-D :-D :-D

So Higgs' boson doesn't care about event horizon?

I always how does the black hole interact with the higgs field and how does the inertia arise?

CONCERN ABOUT NET ELECTRIC CHARGE: At 8:10, we hear "The Black Hole will never have a "Net Electric Charge." There is a saying that says, "Never use the word, 'Never.'" We then continue to hear the "reason" for this is because the Black Hole will "Eventually" balance out. Even if things are done "Quickly," as the video says, it still means there is at least "some" amount of time when there theoretically is a "Net Electric Charge." This may be important, because Time Dilation could turn what we perceive as "Quick" or even "Instant" into a very long period of time in the Black Hole.

Nothing ever makes it in. Time stops and it takes eternity to continue.

These advancements in scientific discovery really are amazing. The idea of living in an interesting world captures the mind, making us feel gleeful of finding new weird things to keep us interested, safer knowing that we have a greater understanding of a situation, and fearful of the unknown. Einstein is revered by basically everybody in the world who likes science. It’s almost a hundred years since his discoveries and we still see him as the absolute genius he was, unmistakably one of the smartest people to ever walk the planet. But, one thing that we sometimes forget to remember is that there is no such thing as an easy answer to a hard question. Even if the answer (itself) is simple, the “finding it” part isn’t. When early mankind needed an answer, we found an answer in the idea of gods. When we needed more answers, we confided in the bold new idea of one god that could do it all (sort of speak). When we thought of the idea of god being infinite in power, possibility, beauty, and knowledge, a man of the Christian church thought that if that was true he would have made his creation just as infinite as himself in all the same respects, so he looked to the stars for the answers, making the unbelievable claim that the earth is not the center of everything, but that it’s just a small part of something even greater. So the first “in depth” astronomy was born. Einstein’s general relativity changed the world as we knew it, giving a whole new outlook on reality. Quantum mechanics gave an even weirder outlook, an almost ridiculous sounding one at that. Einstein made his discoveries during a world war (PS. Germans weren’t too popular back then), before he found general relativity he found hunger, debt, insomnia, and lots and lots and lots of stress… he promised his ex-wife money from winning the Nobel prize during times of war, He didn’t win for a much longer time than expected, and NOT for general relativity. General relativity was denounced by the media even though the data supported it. People who believed in just one god were killed. (I can’t remember his name) The man who made astronomy that I mentioned earlier was persecuted, thrown in jail, and killed for his beliefs. It was the people that did research only trying to disprove him, that found he was right. Even Einstein did not approve of the ideas quantum mechanics presented, like the spooky action at a distance, the fact that just looking at something changes it’s outcome or the famous “God does not roll dice”. Einstein worked his ass off day and night making equations and fitting in data, *hoping* that eventually he’d finally get the right one that’d win a Nobel. Remembering this weird silly little equation, he had forgot about, he made General relativity, something that has guided physicists around the world for decades. What I think we’re lacking in right now is “determination and motivation”, something to REALLY drive us to betterment. With enough hard work and sacrifice we CAN make our dreams come true. And when that happens, when the next Einstein comes around, barring the next reliable new idea that could change the entire world forever… we will call him/her a crack-pot and an idiot. He/She will be forgotten for a while with nothing to show for the hard work. But eventually, the idea WILL get out, one way or another it will change the world, and whether it pays off or not, he/she will be remembered for helping the rest of humanity. (when I say ‘*humanity*’ don’t just think of it as a collective entity of humans, think of it as your kids, your grand kids, your neighbor across the street who occasionally visits with you, the guy behind the counter at the gas station, everyone.). When you die, what’s left? Your descendants/kids and your legacy. no matter what you do in your life, no matter what the contribution is, build up and protect them.

In the extremely unlikely circumstance that we end up ever visiting/observing a black hole up close and personal in our time, I'd really like to be the first person to enter it and never return. Of course, being infinity crushed probably isn't that great a way to die, but it'd honestly be the ultimate last thing to do on my bucket list.

I didn't understand a thing but I stayed because his voice is quite soothing.

This just blew my mind.. that we know those properties basically based on the way the spacetime around it is affected.

That joke at the start was so lame it was funny

I can't stop eating Tootsie Rolls.

Does anyone else notice the call back to the The Hitchhikers Guide to Galaxy, with the whale and the pot of petunias?

"That information could be collated and giggled at by some future super advanced civilisation" Oops!

Gravity Probe B was so... disappointing. I was following it from launch, and waiting a painfully long time for data and results. Every public announcement was some variation of "our data is too noisy/our equipment didn't work properly. We'll massage the data using statistics and get back to you." They kept doing this over and over, massaging the data until it finally fit their expectations, then they stopped and called it a success. I felt... betrayed? It wasn't clean science, and as much as I wanted clear proof of frame dragging, I couldn't accept the team's results. It felt like they could have kept adding layers of data analysis and abstraction until they got literally any result they chose. I bet they could have transformed the gyroscope measurements into a lasagna recipe, if that's what they had been expecting to see.

The songs are nice but they are bit too loud. It is hard to focus on Matt this way, specially if english is not your native language - my case.

Black hole: I can compress anything! Water: Hold my glass!

The bowl of Petunias - "Oh no, not again"

Question: Would would happen if there was for instance a positively charged black hole, which has an electric field that is equally as strong as its gravitational field? Would it be possible to get into a black hole and then get out if there was a positively charged spacehip?

wait.. I didn't think anti-neutrinos hung out with protons or electrons let alone go out with them anywhere?

What happens in a black hole, stays in a black hole.

This video touches upon something that I've been pondering for some time now. It's stated that "In fact the space at the event horizon is already falling inwards." To avoid long chains of logic and cut to the chase, if space has a certain amount of energy (dark energy) and space is being pulled into a black hole then wouldn't that imply that the overall amount of energy/mass of a black hole will increase over time?