Тёмный

What Was The Tully Monster? 

Ben G Thomas
Подписаться 650 тыс.
Просмотров 988 тыс.
50% 1

One of the weirdest prehistoric creatures that ever existed was The Tully Monster, an animal so bizarre that palaeontologists still don't know for sure what it was.
Join our Discord server: / discord
Support us on Patreon: / bengthomas
Follow us on Instagram: bit.ly/1PIEagv
Music by Geographer
Subscribe to explore the wonderful life around you!
Social Media:
►Twitter: / bengthomas42
►Instagram: bit.ly/1PIEagv
►Subreddit: / bengthomas
►Facebook: / bengthomas42
Sources:
science.sciencemag.org/conten...
www.nature.com/articles/natur...
www.nature.com/articles/natur...
pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/3...
royalsocietypublishing.org/do...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tullimo...
theconversation.com/the-myster...
web.archive.org/web/201402220...
www.nationalgeographic.com/ne...
archive.org/details/pennsylva...
penntoday.upenn.edu/news/tull...

Опубликовано:

 

15 фев 2020

Поделиться:

Ссылка:

Скачать:

Готовим ссылку...

Добавить в:

Мой плейлист
Посмотреть позже
Комментарии : 2,4 тыс.   
@BenGThomas
@BenGThomas 4 года назад
UPDATE: There's now been another paper published that found more evidence in favour of the Tully Monster being a vertebrate, but it's probably not the end to the debate yet. We talked about the new discovery in this episode of 7 Days of Science: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-WL_tjvSBzdQ.html
@JoJoZaka
@JoJoZaka 4 года назад
Ben G Thomas swag
@carr0tkake
@carr0tkake 4 года назад
very cash money
@theclayartist9155
@theclayartist9155 4 года назад
Ben G Thomas hey I was wondering if u would narrate a book I’m writing after I finished
@laurachapple6795
@laurachapple6795 4 года назад
I really hope the new paper is called 'The Tully Monster is TOO a Vertebrate!'
@grantflippin7808
@grantflippin7808 4 года назад
It's still giving me a squid vibe
@Yog-Sothothery
@Yog-Sothothery 4 года назад
This is clearly a creature created in Spore.
@alexbonilla2041
@alexbonilla2041 4 года назад
Fuck you for stealing my joke, I was just about to say that, and now I can’t because you’re clearly funnier than me.
@Frogboyaidan
@Frogboyaidan 4 года назад
That makes spore evolution acurtate lol .
@vivekbarnvasynanndi3439
@vivekbarnvasynanndi3439 4 года назад
I was just about to comment this lmao
@the_hanged_clown
@the_hanged_clown 4 года назад
it looks like my first cellular creation
@the_hanged_clown
@the_hanged_clown 4 года назад
@@alexbonilla2041 mood
@Strawberrymilkdrink
@Strawberrymilkdrink 4 года назад
I'm waiting for the study titled "you dont know what your talking about" and the following study titled "no u"
@IainK76
@IainK76 4 года назад
Classic studies, but surpassed by the seminal paper: 'the author of the study with the incorrect hypothesis says what'.
@slappy8941
@slappy8941 4 года назад
According to a recent study, anyone who doesn't like this comment is a big poopy head.
@phantomprogrammer9087
@phantomprogrammer9087 4 года назад
"The only invertebrates here are the guys from the previous paper"
@DefeatedRoyalist
@DefeatedRoyalist 4 года назад
allan mallee I love the concept of petty shit talking becoming a norm in scientific journals/articles 😂
@gregorygraham9371
@gregorygraham9371 4 года назад
blechmann’s seminal paper ‘nuh uh’ refutes that bold claim.
@mrreyes5004
@mrreyes5004 3 года назад
Spinosaurus: lol I've been trolling paleontologists for years about what I really am! Tully Monster: *_AMATEUR_*
@ghaniKSW2
@ghaniKSW2 3 года назад
Irritator: welcome to the team!
@eybaza6018
@eybaza6018 3 года назад
@@ghaniKSW2 the literal name of this dinosaur irritates paleontologists.
@XSL17X
@XSL17X 3 года назад
Imo i honestly think this is one of the first squids to have lived on earth, the jaw looks alot like what a squids beak, and the long probuscus it has is what probably turned into their tentacles, just a theory
@spartan1010101
@spartan1010101 3 года назад
@@XSL17X I don’t know if they’re related because there isn’t that much evidence of Tully Monster having mollusk ancestry. However I would agree that it has similar morphology to Squid which may be a case of convergent evolution. Something interesting to note though is that Squid eyes and fins are parallel but Tully Monster’s is perpendicular. Something else to consider is that with its eyes on stalks perpendicular to its fins they may result in excess drag while swimming so it may indicate that it can’t swim very quickly.
@roberttail1676
@roberttail1676 3 года назад
SURELY 😂
@Volvith
@Volvith 4 года назад
Researchers: "Why can't you be normal?!!" Tully Monster: *_*INCOHERENT SCREECHING_**
@paradisepipeco
@paradisepipeco 3 года назад
I believe the true answer to this mystery wrapped in an enigma with a little conundrum sauce and a dash of cilantro wrapped in a tortilla may be found with a full translation of the 1956 recording of _"Rubber Biscuit,"_ by _"The Chips."_ _(No need to thank me, I'm here to help.)_
@mrcakeday1439
@mrcakeday1439 3 года назад
@@paradisepipeco thank you for your help, everything makes sense now.
@paradisepipeco
@paradisepipeco 3 года назад
@@mrcakeday1439 Glad to be of service. Over my long life and world travels, I have gained much wisdom, and in true bodhisattva tradition, I have chosen to share with any and all young whippersnappers willing to stop snappering those furshlugginer whippers long enough to listen. For example, one must never give bunk drugs to drunk bugs. Also, never _EVER_ play leapfrog with a unicorn. Unfortunately, I must now take my leave, for I must needs go see a Pleiadian about a plesiosaur. So as the sun pulls away from the shore and our ship sinks somewhere slowly in the west, I bid you a fond _adieu._ *_"If we had some ham, we could have some ham and eggs, if we had some eggs."_* ~~ Groucho Marx *_"Before you criticize someone, walk a mile in their shoes. That way when you criticize them, you are a mile away and you have their shoes."_* ~~ Jack Handey *_"Politicians are like diapers, they need to be changed often, and for the same reason."_* ~~ Mark Twain *_"The reason dogs like to visit other dogs on the dairy farm is that dogs love to sniff another dog's dairy air"'_* ~~ Fido McRover *_"I am not a dog lover. A dog lover to me means a dog that is in love with another dog."_* ~~ James Thurber *_"Dogs can't dance, silly. They have two left feet."_* ~~ Arthur _"Astaire way to heaven"_ Murray *_"You can't roller skate in a buffalo herd."_* ~~ Roger Miller *_"I'm a lumberjack and I'm okay"_* ~~ M. Python *_"To a rat, a bat is an angel."_* ~~ Juan "Tiny" Iota *_"I've never had a problem with drugs. I've had problems with police."_* ~~ Keith Richards *_"I feel good, like I knew that I would."_* ~~ James Brown *_"When the wise man points at the moon, the fool stares at his finger."_* ~~ Mokele Mbèmbé _Top 40 from the Back 40 (playlist)_ ru-vid.com/group/PLOhxuTxNTwnF5AVaTbLaK2rHPXHAM_ORU .
@missewe
@missewe 3 года назад
@@paradisepipeco love
@paradisepipeco
@paradisepipeco 3 года назад
@@missewe Namaste. I find your sheepishness quite refreshing in this land of Tully monsters, unicorns and trolls. And I appreciate the new sub, as my old one can barely submerge anymore without leaking. However that is my own fault for not repairing the screen door sooner, but I digress right out the egress and down that long lonesome two lane highway, with my coat collar turned toward the wind, all the way till the break of day. After all, the blues ain't nothin' but a good soul feelin' bad; and as for me, I might get better, but I'll never get well. Hope to hear from you on the other channel. ONE LOVE. Namaste
@jake-wx8xy
@jake-wx8xy 4 года назад
"Is Tullimonstrum a Vertebrate" - the greatest thread in the history of forums, locked by a moderator after 12,239 pages of heated debate,
@jake-wx8xy
@jake-wx8xy 4 года назад
macsporan it is how we grow as intellectoids. without argumentation, we would be as Tullimonstrum, unaware of our own identitieus.
@TheONLYFeli0
@TheONLYFeli0 4 года назад
jeff
@martonk
@martonk 4 года назад
@@jake-wx8xy yess
@thememeguy2195
@thememeguy2195 4 года назад
Is this true and if so can you send me a link, I want to read it so I can learn something during quarantine.
@jacobscrackers98
@jacobscrackers98 4 года назад
I second what @@thememeguy2195 said.
@idot3331
@idot3331 4 года назад
The almost comical titles of the papers "the tullymonster is a vertibrate" followed by "the tullymonster is not a vertibrate", combined with the bizarreness of the tullymonster itself makes this whole thing seem like a rambling tangent from the hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy books.
@jamesj5565
@jamesj5565 3 года назад
"the tully monster is a vertebrate" Tully monster: no u
@paradisepipeco
@paradisepipeco 3 года назад
Uh-oh.
@paradisepipeco
@paradisepipeco 3 года назад
Ah yes. The old "I'm rubber, and you're glue" gambit. *_"If we had some ham, we could have some ham and eggs, if we had some eggs."_* ~~ Groucho Marx
@Bacony_Cakes
@Bacony_Cakes 3 года назад
From this debate, i conclude: It's Ducky from the Spore Cell Stage.
@Zimisce85
@Zimisce85 3 года назад
Are you saying it is actually related with the Ravenous Bugblatter Beast of Traal?
@ethanzuidmulder3951
@ethanzuidmulder3951 3 года назад
the real tully monster was the friends we made along the way.
@voltydragon6140
@voltydragon6140 3 года назад
Indeed
@arthraelinstromweiss6252
@arthraelinstromweiss6252 3 года назад
And I live by that...
@missewe
@missewe 3 года назад
Agreed
@annay.w.9544
@annay.w.9544 2 года назад
Alpharad?
@annay.w.9544
@annay.w.9544 2 года назад
tully monster; the way home
@FPrimusUnicron
@FPrimusUnicron 3 года назад
While it isnt related, its body looks like a squid or cuttlefish without the tentacles, the beak and eyes extended, honestly cephalopods are only normal because we grew accustomed to them
@semisemicoloncolon
@semisemicoloncolon 3 года назад
Yeah, someone who has never seen a squid seeing a squid for the first time would be so confused LMAO
@infinitedowns6630
@infinitedowns6630 3 года назад
nope its lamprey if you look at a lamprey and an image of the tully monster you will see why
@userequaltoNull
@userequaltoNull 3 года назад
@@infinitedowns6630 lamprey are jawless, this has jaws. Doubt it.
@tootat132
@tootat132 3 года назад
My first time seeing a squid I thought it was cool but nothing too crazy. My first time seeing this thing and it’s just like what the fuck
@madcap3450
@madcap3450 2 года назад
I have to agree honestly. I'm you I'm not exactly a rocket surgeon or anything
@carwyn3691
@carwyn3691 4 года назад
The series of scientific papers: "The Tully monster is a vertebrate" "The Tully monster is not a vertebrate" "Yes it is" "Is not" "Is so" "Is not is not is not" "Is so times one million"
@lategamer6684
@lategamer6684 4 года назад
“Is not times infinity”
@sirzorg5728
@sirzorg5728 4 года назад
@@lategamer6684 is so times infinity plus one.
@lategamer6684
@lategamer6684 4 года назад
Sir Zorg woah slow down there
@alegomanYTPs
@alegomanYTPs 4 года назад
just make up a new classification ffs
@sauceduphands2239
@sauceduphands2239 4 года назад
A Lego Man ? Is there anything other than either? Doesn’t everything fit into vertebrate and invertebrate
@Never_heart
@Never_heart 4 года назад
I adore the Tully Monster. It is just so wierd. We aren't even fully sure which side is the dorsal side yet because it is almost eldritch in its morphology.
@Night-Lord
@Night-Lord 4 года назад
Love the way you describe it
@sephikong8323
@sephikong8323 4 года назад
Wanted to make a Lovecraft reference and you beat me to it. This thing could translate extremely well the themes of the unknown and uncertain of cosmic horror
@the_hanged_clown
@the_hanged_clown 4 года назад
great use of eldritch. rarely get to see it used
@raveousone
@raveousone 4 года назад
its Nyarlathotep isnt it :|
@absalomdraconis
@absalomdraconis 4 года назад
Can't tell which side is which? How very like an octopus. I currently have to favor an early branch off the same group as the octopi, squid, nautiloids, etc. You can almost reproduce the body shape from a cuttle fish if you remove all but one tentacle.
@KillJoyXx1
@KillJoyXx1 3 года назад
I live in a small town called, Morris! it’s the town over from Mazon, i fish and fossil hunt at the mazon creek very frequently! Was great to see my home area highlighted in this video :)
@bluedragonfly5145
@bluedragonfly5145 3 года назад
You ever found anything particularly cool?
@KillJoyXx1
@KillJoyXx1 2 года назад
@@bluedragonfly5145 Oh yes, I have found everything from full fern leaves to whole jelly fish! Maybe one day I’ll find a Tully!
@bluedragonfly5145
@bluedragonfly5145 2 года назад
@@KillJoyXx1 wow a jelly fish that’s a stellar find. I hope to go fossil hunting someday can’t do it where I live though.
@thegentlemanfish7504
@thegentlemanfish7504 2 года назад
Yo, shoutout from Morris!
@KillJoyXx1
@KillJoyXx1 2 года назад
@@thegentlemanfish7504 Morris represent!
@hippothehippo
@hippothehippo 3 года назад
I really hope there are tully’s still wandering around in the deep depths of the ocean so that when one is found it confirms its identity as an invertebrate, but ironically raises even more questions as to how it’s survived unchanged and where it’s been all this time
@jedimasterobi-wankenobi7926
@jedimasterobi-wankenobi7926 3 года назад
We are
@tuxido4913
@tuxido4913 3 года назад
Yeah, I hope they are still rolling down in the deep
@tootat132
@tootat132 3 года назад
If you have not already you should look up “living fossils”. I think you’ll quite enjoy the topic if the question of how it remained unchanged peaks your interest. Just to clarify though you won’t get an answer but rather you’ll find animals that walked/swam with the dinos that are still around relatively unchanged to this day.
@missewe
@missewe 3 года назад
@@jedimasterobi-wankenobi7926 this makes Miss Ewe happie
@ZennPlanes
@ZennPlanes 3 года назад
@@tuxido4913 whatchu know bout rollin down in the deep
@larpdude7308
@larpdude7308 4 года назад
I'll tell you what it was: lovable.
@KK-bk3dm
@KK-bk3dm 3 года назад
Ur Gay
@joeyawiki3315
@joeyawiki3315 3 года назад
Nah, Lovecraftian
@TheDcraft
@TheDcraft 3 года назад
I think it's a cephlopod.
@sirreginaldfishingtonxvii6149
@sirreginaldfishingtonxvii6149 3 года назад
@@KK-bk3dm happy pride moth
@sadgirlhours4088
@sadgirlhours4088 3 года назад
*tears up * you're so right, youre so so right
@melvinshine9841
@melvinshine9841 4 года назад
Tullimonstrum. Otherwise known as, "Hell if we know", and "Go home, evolution, you're drunk."
@SunfishFan68
@SunfishFan68 4 года назад
Melvin Shine underrated
@GreatSageSunWukong
@GreatSageSunWukong 4 года назад
Its named after Francis Tully who discovered it
@ronaldmcdonald5985
@ronaldmcdonald5985 4 года назад
R/wooosh
@SunfishFan68
@SunfishFan68 4 года назад
Ronald McKechnie stop
@glowstickqueen7139
@glowstickqueen7139 4 года назад
Mother Nature was baked when she came up with this
@daniell1483
@daniell1483 3 года назад
As soon as I saw the Tully Monster, I thought to myself "that looks so much like a cephalopod" especially the body plan. It looks very similar to cuttlefish and squid. The (presumed) eye protrusions are unusual, but the actual eye structure itself also looks similar to cephalopod eyes. The proboscis and mouth are certainly the most peculiar-looking elements. Perhaps it is a cephalopod that had an external beak or similar structure? Fascinating creature. I bet this will have scientists baffled for years to come.
@thecianinator
@thecianinator 3 года назад
I was thinking the same thing. If it is some distant cephalopod ancestor, then all those live reconstruction images are showing it swimming backwards, and if it did swim with the pointy fin in the front like squids do, the elbow on its proboscis would enable its mouth to face forward.
@daniell1483
@daniell1483 3 года назад
@@thecianinator Great point, I hadn't considered that.
@crisptomato9495
@crisptomato9495 3 года назад
Imagine how cool Joseph Tully must have felt discovering this thing.
@bingusbongus9807
@bingusbongus9807 6 месяцев назад
"oh cool a silly guy"
@vicwunder3062
@vicwunder3062 4 года назад
No matter if vertebrate or invertebrate: It's friend-shaped and I love it
@Corusame
@Corusame 3 года назад
You must have some strange looking friends
@blackjack2526
@blackjack2526 3 года назад
@@Corusame non-euclidean especially
@vesuviacorpseflower4828
@vesuviacorpseflower4828 3 года назад
@@Corusame hahahaha!!!
@ZizixxSamurai
@ZizixxSamurai Год назад
So it's not just me who wants to pet this fella? He looks like a super cool fish pet, and as You said, he looks friendly.
@vicwunder3062
@vicwunder3062 Год назад
@@ZizixxSamurai I'm glad you agree, I still think it's so dorky and fun looking!
@tfwzyko
@tfwzyko 4 года назад
really does look like an early squid of sorts, the beak is just extended, the eyes are in the right place and the overall shape fits. amazing
@dirtyjamsgot1795
@dirtyjamsgot1795 3 года назад
Yeah, I was thinking the tail fins would look better on the sides like a cuttlefish
@bonniebrindle8335
@bonniebrindle8335 3 года назад
I thought the same thing.
@FlipswitchX
@FlipswitchX 3 года назад
Hm I think it's the other way around. Tully is from many million years after the dawn of squids. It looks Cambrian but it's not.
@arielperez797
@arielperez797 3 года назад
what if the jaw is actually normally tucked in. only when it dies, it loses that muscle tension control and the mouth comes spitting out. then in natural world...when it is alive it would be beneficial to plop above a spot on the coral reef and stretch this mouth out to "reach" for food.???
@userequaltoNull
@userequaltoNull 3 года назад
@@arielperez797 interesting thought.
@hyd3n376
@hyd3n376 3 года назад
Cambrian period creatures look like if my spore creations became real
@XepteXDubstep
@XepteXDubstep 3 года назад
Yea that's basically what happened there. Nature was trying out everything and checked out what skicked.
@panqueque445
@panqueque445 3 года назад
Scientists: "What are you?" Tully monster: "idk I'm just vibin"
@j-the-researcher8453
@j-the-researcher8453 4 года назад
I thought this was a Cryptid video
@magmacube8689
@magmacube8689 4 года назад
IKR. Thats why I am never too skeptic about cryptids.
@SunfishFan68
@SunfishFan68 4 года назад
Magmacube tr same
@SunfishFan68
@SunfishFan68 4 года назад
Magmacube tr also same
@GreebleClown
@GreebleClown 4 года назад
It’s shit like this that keeps cryptozoologists’ hope alive.
@mathughsyoutubeworld2655
@mathughsyoutubeworld2655 4 года назад
MastJake-The-Tur same
@2020Twenty
@2020Twenty 4 года назад
I swear, the farther you go back in time, the more Earth starts looking like an alien world.
@heiniknallkopp9688
@heiniknallkopp9688 3 года назад
It actually kinda was.
@Cat-yx7xc
@Cat-yx7xc 3 года назад
Glowing animals start to seem normal
@saulgoodman5662
@saulgoodman5662 3 года назад
it is an alien world, the fact that we understand it and know what to expect now doesn't change the fact that every living organism is just odd and weird, we just don't see it that way because we know what to expect when going outside for a walk.
@moo8866
@moo8866 3 года назад
well, we see a bunch of modern animals everyday, these, never.
@lilllyeevee6536
@lilllyeevee6536 3 года назад
Well, Bugs used to rule the world before they became tiny, tbh
@HelminthCombos
@HelminthCombos 3 года назад
Looks like something made in Spore the game, got retconned into history.
@amewarashi5770
@amewarashi5770 3 года назад
My guess would be that it burried itself up to its eyes (horizontally I think, probably why the need for eyestalks and maybe why the proboscis was elbowed, but also for attack speed) and grabbed little fish and bugs as they swam by. It lived in a delta so it was in shallow brackish water. It could hide by the weeds, as small fish gravitate there anyway, and pluck them as they wandered by and maybe grab small things above water as well. Or maybe a carion eater, but I don't think so.
@Cytorb
@Cytorb 3 года назад
Woah look its a person that knows what they are saying
@bkjeong4302
@bkjeong4302 2 года назад
Given its well-developed eyes an ambush predator niche seems plausible.
@nathaliefernandez6431
@nathaliefernandez6431 2 месяца назад
Plausible....very...VERY.. Plausible, good job
@jamesruddy9264
@jamesruddy9264 4 года назад
I used to find these all the time when I was a kid living in Morris, IL. It was fun to spend the day at the old strip mine hills and look for the nodules and crack them open with my hammer to see what was inside. There were two other strange soft bodied creatures to be found besides the Tully Monster, the Aitches and the Wyes.
@malnutritionboy
@malnutritionboy 4 года назад
nice!
@KhanMann66
@KhanMann66 4 года назад
Cool
@TheAuntieBa
@TheAuntieBa 4 года назад
Hs & Ys??!
@jamesruddy9264
@jamesruddy9264 4 года назад
@@TheAuntieBa ...Yes. We used to throw them away before we found out they were actually fossils of soft bodied creatures.
@TheAuntieBa
@TheAuntieBa 4 года назад
James Ruddy Lol, wish you’d kept ‘em all! Kids - no idea of eons and eons...😉!
@GreebleClown
@GreebleClown 4 года назад
Well, we know it’s probably not a plant...
@Alejandritomrtnz09
@Alejandritomrtnz09 3 года назад
don't
@yoboikamil525
@yoboikamil525 3 года назад
what if
@clayxros576
@clayxros576 3 года назад
PLEASE dont start that possibility
@PinkBunnyCorporation
@PinkBunnyCorporation 3 года назад
"The Tully monster is not a vertebrate or invertebrate. It is a fungus."
@clayxros576
@clayxros576 3 года назад
@@PinkBunnyCorporation WHAT HAVE YOU DONE
@paranoiia8
@paranoiia8 4 года назад
paper posted in Nature: -Tully monster is vertebrate Year later: -Tully monster is NOT a vertebrate Year later: -Yes it is vertebrate Year later: -No its not Year later: -Yes it is. Year later -No -Yes. -NO -YES
@retardcorpsman
@retardcorpsman 3 года назад
Akinaro Nice pfp btw
@peeron6829
@peeron6829 3 года назад
Why u steal comments
@HYDROCARBON_XD
@HYDROCARBON_XD 3 года назад
I think its a primitive chordate (vertebrates are chordates but more evolved)
@SaviorUchiha
@SaviorUchiha 4 года назад
It looks like the tail of a squid. Maybe it was before squids had multiple tentacles and before their mouths were in the middle of their tentacles. Squids have a beak-like mouth, right? I know that looks like a crab claw, but it could have evolved into a single beak. Back then, it only had one tentacle and the mouth was at the tip because it was easier to reach fish like a spear, or to shove it into holes to dig out whatever fish is living in it?
@aryyancarman705
@aryyancarman705 3 года назад
I þought that too
@userequaltoNull
@userequaltoNull 3 года назад
@@aryyancarman705 gneiss.
@theangelbelow88
@theangelbelow88 4 года назад
"so are we any closer to figuring out what the tully monster is?" Science: well yes, but actually no
@ernestlam5632
@ernestlam5632 4 года назад
Closer in the sense that we are figuring out what it isn't. That is the scientific way.
@dualinfinities5549
@dualinfinities5549 4 года назад
well, it has a squidlike crown fin and cephalopod eyes, pretty sure it's just a *really* fucked-up squid thing
@paradisepipeco
@paradisepipeco 3 года назад
*_"If we had some ham, we could have some ham and eggs, if we had some eggs."_* ~~ Groucho Marx
@MyLifeOfficial
@MyLifeOfficial 4 года назад
Human: Man these squids and octopuses look like aliens Tully monster: Hold my proboscis...
@adamrodgers9175
@adamrodgers9175 3 года назад
The things that have lived on this planet blow my mind. Who would swim when there's creatures like that in the water. Edit: I'm curious if it was like the bobbit worm and it sat in wait and used the appendage to catch pray and that's why it has it. I don't imagine it was an effective swimmer and would explain its eyes being out the side, probably had 360 vision to see in coming pray.
@zipperzzz
@zipperzzz 2 года назад
That seems like a good theory. Soft tissue really doesn't fossilize well and tullimonstrum could have easily had some sort of "foot" like clams to attach them to the seabed
@romiecraig2959
@romiecraig2959 3 года назад
I believe the tully monster was a mollusk. Look at the squid like tail, the snail like eyes. I believe the mouth also worked like the eyes, in that it could be retracted giving it more of a torpedo shape when hunting or moving. I can't prove this of course... because Im poor haha But mark my words...it's a mollusk.
@GullOuue
@GullOuue 3 года назад
Yeah, it looks like the proboscis would retract right? It's not articulated like a fucking arm lmfao. It probably worked somewhat like a chameleon tongue? Please tell me we aren't the only ones to think this
@brotherkhrayn3525
@brotherkhrayn3525 3 года назад
It looks like the mouth could be retracted and shoot out in order to quickly grab prey, like shark jaws.
@pauli3806
@pauli3806 3 года назад
thats what i was thinking, didnt wanna say because im not experienced in things like this
@jesusmarley2607
@jesusmarley2607 3 года назад
@@GullOuue I get the impression of it being related somewhat to a cuttlefish
@Zimisce85
@Zimisce85 3 года назад
Mm... If the proboscis was to retrac there should be some anatomical feature at the eyes' level resembling a chamber or something like that. Or at least a few of the specimens should have be found with the proboscis retracted.
@Dionaea_floridensis
@Dionaea_floridensis 4 года назад
"Is the tully monster a vertebrate or an invertebrate?" Yes
@Shaun_Jones
@Shaun_Jones 4 года назад
“Probably”
@itachisenpaix3
@itachisenpaix3 4 года назад
Definitely
@Alexagrigorieff
@Alexagrigorieff 4 года назад
Chordate?
@suelane3628
@suelane3628 4 года назад
I would go with Alexagrigorieff. There is no way it is a vertibrate as the vertibral column is absent. Unless cartilage doesn't fossilise as well as bones do?As far as I know, the Notochord rarely fossilises, but of course can be found in the BUrgess Shales which record the earliest member of the CHordate phylum. The Lamphrey quoted is not a Vertibrate. But along with the lancelets , hagfish and Vertibrates we have the phylum of Choradata.
@Piedrahumo4447
@Piedrahumo4447 4 года назад
He was vertebralinvertebral
@SunfishFan68
@SunfishFan68 4 года назад
The thumbnail looks like something from ‘The future is wild’
@Mae_Dastardly
@Mae_Dastardly 4 года назад
That documentary was my shit as a kid
@finchbird2419
@finchbird2419 4 года назад
I loved that discovery kids show
@andreamaul1603
@andreamaul1603 4 года назад
It looks like something made in spore
@vmsh9810
@vmsh9810 4 года назад
Nah, it looks like a starwars motorcycle
@masonwilson4355
@masonwilson4355 4 года назад
It does. I grew up on the series spin off of the documentary
@17thcolossus91
@17thcolossus91 3 года назад
this actually looks like something straight out of someone's spore playthrough, during the aquatic phase
@tfp3163
@tfp3163 3 года назад
I legit laughed when you kept bringing up conflicting arguments. This thing is like a platypus, it likes to troll tf out of scientists.
@gbong802
@gbong802 4 года назад
It looks like something i created in spore
@TheDiamondInvader
@TheDiamondInvader 4 года назад
I am a simple guy. I choose to call it a one armed squid with a claw.
@SpitfiretheCat16
@SpitfiretheCat16 3 года назад
Well, that's apparently the best guess of science right now too.
@peeron6829
@peeron6829 3 года назад
@@SpitfiretheCat16 lol
@jamesharrington5009
@jamesharrington5009 4 года назад
I remember the theory about this being a strong candidate for lake monster sightings and it's cousin Tuna casserole
@maeveelizabeth9739
@maeveelizabeth9739 3 года назад
"...Acorn worms share some anatomical features with the Tully monster" [pauses and slowly zooms in on the phallic shape of the acorn worm]
@happycamper4315
@happycamper4315 4 года назад
Like the Platypus, I feel the Tully Monster is a creation of The Cosmic Joker.
@whoeverofhowevermany
@whoeverofhowevermany 3 года назад
I didn't know that the platypus feels that the tully monster is a creation of the cosmic joker.
@paradisepipeco
@paradisepipeco 3 года назад
Do not tell me to _"Like the Platypus"._ You're not the boss of me.
@whoeverofhowevermany
@whoeverofhowevermany 3 года назад
@@paradisepipeco are you the platypus?
@paradisepipeco
@paradisepipeco 3 года назад
@@whoeverofhowevermany No, but that was a very good guess, young Jedi. I am the egg man. We are the egg men. I am the walrus. _Also, be on the lookout for kitty kat imposters._ There are diabolical bunnies afoot in furry kitty kat kostumes, infiltrating our local bingo clubs, NRA chapters and trade unions. Fortunately, Aunt Teefa discovered a way to identify these pussy impersonators. The felonious faux felines can be identified by their _Fake Mews._
@paradisepipeco
@paradisepipeco 3 года назад
*@Happy Camper* I think you misspelled "Comics".
@diegolopez3989
@diegolopez3989 4 года назад
The Tully monster is so bizarre that it's so cool
@MrZooBreak
@MrZooBreak 3 года назад
Great RU-vid channel! Made for people who can deal with controversy, inconclusive evidence, and contradictory theories. You know-scientists! Really appreciating an inside view of how paleontology works, and the excitement of ongoing research. Thanks, Ben!
@dalailarose1596
@dalailarose1596 3 года назад
It looks like a creature you'd make in Spore 😂
@nathaliefernandez6431
@nathaliefernandez6431 2 месяца назад
You could make it with the default parts you have in the game.
@nick3xtremegaming212
@nick3xtremegaming212 4 года назад
Grandma: your so handsome the ladies must be all over you Me:
@averagerick9581
@averagerick9581 3 года назад
I wish I was this handsome
@dickshneeze4566
@dickshneeze4566 3 года назад
Nick3xtreme Gaming if u look like a tully monster hmu 👅
@sonicroachdoggjrraven3263
@sonicroachdoggjrraven3263 3 года назад
@@dickshneeze4566 lmfao Hell Yeah
@paradisepipeco
@paradisepipeco 3 года назад
Shame on all of you. We are all as *_Dog_* made us. _(And what can you expect, if you were made by a dog? I mean, look at what a dog makes in the back yard, for Dog's sake.)_
@paradisepipeco
@paradisepipeco 3 года назад
*_"The reason dogs like to visit other dogs on the dairy farm is that dogs love to sniff another dog's dairy air"'_* ~~ W.E. Nerdogg
@paulaharrisbaca4851
@paulaharrisbaca4851 4 года назад
The Tully Monster looks like an early squid to me. I remember in the 1960's, there was a book on the Loch Ness Monster by someone whose name I can't remember that had a striking blue tinted cover with the famous "surgeon's photo" enlarged. This author was sure he'd solved the mystery. Nessie was a giant Tully monster!
@laikeree_4213
@laikeree_4213 4 года назад
Wooooah! Imagine that though!
@johnphamlore8073
@johnphamlore8073 3 года назад
"Great Orm Of Loch Ness" by F W Holiday.
@paradisepipeco
@paradisepipeco 3 года назад
Like Grandpa used to say, _"The early squid catches the worm."_ No . . . wait. Never mind.
@Emiliapocalypse
@Emiliapocalypse 3 года назад
Haha was gonna leave a comment about it being the Loch Ness Monster too and you beat me to it. So I’ll compliment your Moomin pfp instead :)
@riskybicky8335
@riskybicky8335 3 года назад
you ever reckon aliens are trying to predict what aliens look like to them, and then one day they like discover us and our fossils and theyre just like. Alien: Bro wtf.
@lishark843
@lishark843 3 года назад
@@DiabIoLoco " Da fuk, hair only in their head, pelvic zone and armpits?"
@Kingkool-uo1ew
@Kingkool-uo1ew 3 года назад
i remember going to mazon creek with cub scouts for a fossil hunt. before we went out, we were shown a slide show in someone’s house. the only thing i remember from that slide show was the tully monster. no one in the group found any tully fossils, but someone did find a leaf fossil.
@kettei7743
@kettei7743 4 года назад
TREY the explainer be like: *Probably a decomposing owl basking shark*
@lordblackwell9102
@lordblackwell9102 4 года назад
That also had feathers.....
@ocinnico2608
@ocinnico2608 4 года назад
with reflective eyes
@SalreixVonOtsuu
@SalreixVonOtsuu 4 года назад
decomposing basking owl
@MouseGoat
@MouseGoat 4 года назад
that happens over and over in the same place ? ??? ? lol
@frenchguitarguy1091
@frenchguitarguy1091 4 года назад
Also turns out that it inspired godzilla
@MrJonnyPepper
@MrJonnyPepper 4 года назад
They're not even sure if it's upside down. 🤣
@Supasmartguy
@Supasmartguy 3 года назад
We're going to need a time machine.
@patrickmay4489
@patrickmay4489 2 года назад
I enjoyed your video. I am the artist who made the yellow colored Tully model in this video. Patrick May
@matbroomfield
@matbroomfield 4 года назад
Amazing to think these things lived and died before the first dinosaurs walked the earth. What a fantastic gift to us all fossils are.
@matbroomfield
@matbroomfield 4 года назад
@Goku Vegeta I know right? I often think of that. How many entire classifications of creatures we will never even find out about.
@carrier2823
@carrier2823 4 года назад
Mat Broomfield could creatures have been larger than the dinosaurs and have just not been preserved?
@matbroomfield
@matbroomfield 4 года назад
@@carrier2823 It's conceivable giving that in some cases, all we know about an entire classification are a few small fragments of bones that there are entire dinosaurs we havn't discovered, but I don't think it's very likely that there are classifications of animals APART from dinosaurs. They would have had to exist in ways that left absolutely no traces, not even descendants. But never say never.
@amewarashi5770
@amewarashi5770 3 года назад
The largest single life form on earth, is the humongous fungus in Oregon, it's a honey mushroom mycelium mat and basically the floor of an entire forest. I doubt it will leave any noticeable remains in the fossil record, if or when it goes. Also to consider is if whole fossils are rare and the bigger ones more so, what would be the odds of the biggest fossil ever also being the biggest creature to ever live?
@matbroomfield
@matbroomfield 3 года назад
@@amewarashi5770 I take your points Ame. What a loss to us all never to even know taht these creatures existed. Of course, it's worth noting that some of the oldest traces of life on the entire planet were types of seafloor slime... :-)
@GreatSageSunWukong
@GreatSageSunWukong 4 года назад
It just looks like a squid with one long mouth instead of tentacles, if squids actively hunt pulling food into the beak, then this thing looks like it was shoving its mouth into holes to get something out, clearly if they are eyes whatever it was eating wasn't a threat as much as what maybe around it as it could clearly see all around but not focused on forward looking at wherever it was digging about. Whatever it is its a wonderful bit of convergence evolution (maybe) a squid with a reversed mouth.
@Corusame
@Corusame 3 года назад
Shoving my mouth into holes has got me into more trouble than you can imagine
@hansiramahadhura9162
@hansiramahadhura9162 3 года назад
@@Corusame God I literally died and went to heaven when I read it😂😂🤣
@tlshortyshorty5810
@tlshortyshorty5810 3 года назад
Fun fact: the Wikipedia article on synapsids includes a picture of Leonid Brezhnev and Richard Nixon in its gallery of creatures, alongside the platypus and Dimetrodon.
@theoscout9205
@theoscout9205 3 года назад
Legit had to google this to see if you were pranking us lol
@Jay-ln1co
@Jay-ln1co 4 года назад
God: "I have purposely designed it wrong, as a joke."
@valentinmitterbauer4196
@valentinmitterbauer4196 4 года назад
Plot twist: God actually said that to the Tully Monster as they were talking about humans
@zeptocreations5507
@zeptocreations5507 4 года назад
"I am extinct, leaving me the victor."
@IkeanCrusader1013
@IkeanCrusader1013 4 года назад
It's like the reverse of the "That's a funny trick to play on god" joke from spore
@abstractrussian5562
@abstractrussian5562 4 года назад
If it is extinct in your way of comprehending the universe it doesn't mean anything really. Maybe we as humans are experiencing the universe backwards, so in God's view Tully Monster is the future of the universe and we are the past.
@Squared_Table
@Squared_Table 4 года назад
Abstract Russian there is no “god” buddy
@robertheller4583
@robertheller4583 4 года назад
squidward really let himself go
@amazingrileyrules
@amazingrileyrules 3 года назад
I mean it was around before squidward so if anything squidward really came a long way proud of the homie for elevating
@Ilovemydogmorethanlife
@Ilovemydogmorethanlife 3 года назад
The only way I learn anything scientific is by watching ur videos. I learn more by watching these than listening to my science teacher talk for an hour.
@censusgary
@censusgary 3 года назад
The “General Impression of Size and Shape” (as birders say) of the Tully Monster strikes me as that of a cephalopod. That by no means proves anything, but it’s an interesting data point.
@michaelcox9855
@michaelcox9855 4 года назад
*messes up hair and assumes pose* "It's ancient aliens."
@alexdayde4413
@alexdayde4413 3 года назад
OMG that is THE best comeback to the Tully Monster. I cant stop laughing 😂 . Look Im a paleobotanist - so not my specialty, but honestly the debate on this topic is EPIC. but has everything to do with the taphonomic processes. Great vid.
@tubeguy4066
@tubeguy4066 3 года назад
@@alexdayde4413 shut up
@alexdayde4413
@alexdayde4413 3 года назад
@@tubeguy4066 about what?
@TheAzsunshine11
@TheAzsunshine11 3 года назад
@@alexdayde4413 Nothin, have a good day.
@cancel1913
@cancel1913 4 года назад
Can you just imagine having one in an aquarium at home!
@Nemesis0513
@Nemesis0513 4 года назад
Could we maybe scan the cells of the petrified thing and try to write out as much of its DNA and then fill the rest of it out? I mean...
@uncannyvalley2350
@uncannyvalley2350 4 года назад
Nature ah, finds ha weigh
@FrikInCasualMode
@FrikInCasualMode 4 года назад
@@Nemesis0513 No. DNA can't survive that long.
@SQUIDWORD15
@SQUIDWORD15 4 года назад
@@FrikInCasualMode No, you just gotta fill in the holes in the code!
@Nemesis0513
@Nemesis0513 4 года назад
Well, at least I have an answer to THAT question.
@commandercody2980
@commandercody2980 3 года назад
Cambrian and precambrian life was so different from now, we can hardly comprehend a lot of it
@42Fossy
@42Fossy 3 года назад
It's always "What's the Tully monster?", not "How's the Tully monster?"
@freddykingofturtles
@freddykingofturtles 4 года назад
Well, based on what we know it's probably a sister class to cephalopods that retained the characteristics of gastropods such as eyes on stalks, multiple 'siphons' on the side, the radula, but it also seems to have a remnant of an internal shell, a general layout like a cephalopod, and an extended feeding arm. Which is weird, because this is like looking at a slug squid and that's very odd.
@daquan6213
@daquan6213 3 года назад
Well that's history for you. Some creatures back in the day just looked hellah weird like new creatures will in a couple million years, if we would be still alive to see that anyways.
@Bacony_Cakes
@Bacony_Cakes 3 года назад
​@@daquan6213 Yeah, the Opabinia looks like a vacuum cleaner and Wiwaxia is a rock covered in pride flag extract, so anything goes before the Permian.
@rasmusn.e.m1064
@rasmusn.e.m1064 4 года назад
It 100% shares one feature with octopodes though: very awkward eating....
@door-chan
@door-chan 2 года назад
Tully doesn't want to be categorized, Tully just wants to vibe
@prowlus
@prowlus 3 года назад
when the characters of ‘Heaven’s Design Team’ have a Sake party for 3 whole hours
@kwaivioussankensa3664
@kwaivioussankensa3664 4 года назад
Scientists: This animal has so many different parts, and distinct body shapes and organs, we really can't categorize it Me: Haha elephant squid
@scrappyknees
@scrappyknees 4 года назад
I do not know the reason, but I unconditionally love and appreciate the Tullimonstrum's former existance I wish I could hug one
@stamuu
@stamuu 3 года назад
never knew my creature from spore would get into earth
@willnottel5598
@willnottel5598 4 года назад
Fun fact: the creek is locally pronounced like "Muh-zon", with the Ma part rhyming with the Mon in Monday, and the end sounding "zon" rhyming with ON like a like switch. Thank you for covering such a weird and amazing creature!
@ambulocetusnatans
@ambulocetusnatans 3 года назад
Indeed, the locals know when somebody is from out of town by the way they pronounce it. Did you go there too?
@willnottel5598
@willnottel5598 3 года назад
@@ambulocetusnatans Yeah, without going into to much detail, I've spent a decent amount of time in the area! It's very lovely, and some of the local libraries have tully monster displays last I'd seen!
@alexfontanezz4292
@alexfontanezz4292 4 года назад
The group problematica is a well, problematic group. The group is made of organisms that are difficult to track down the evolutionary history on
@adamwelch4336
@adamwelch4336 4 года назад
Some species cannot be tracked because they never evolved and did not servive when extinct entirely it's hard to say if the fossil record ended or is still undiscovered!🤔
@the_hanged_clown
@the_hanged_clown 4 года назад
@@adamwelch4336 I'm so confused by your comment 🤔
@the_hanged_clown
@the_hanged_clown 4 года назад
@@lionvonadern ah gotcha, thank you for taking the time to reword that for me
@adamwelch4336
@adamwelch4336 4 года назад
@@the_hanged_clown I was discussing commonality between species vetabra and non vertebrae animals commen genetic ancestors
@the_hanged_clown
@the_hanged_clown 4 года назад
@@adamwelch4336 um, sure you were
@NotSoGenesiz
@NotSoGenesiz 3 года назад
The Tully monster is basically if a crab and a cuttlefish got jiggy.
@bigcat5348
@bigcat5348 4 года назад
The claw definitely resembles a cephalopod's beak, save for the hinged proboscis.
@bigfootjustkilledyou
@bigfootjustkilledyou 4 года назад
After watching this video i conclude its a slug. My sourses comes from Smirnoff and absolute
@ernestlam5632
@ernestlam5632 4 года назад
I think slug as well.
@727Phoenix
@727Phoenix 4 года назад
I've often imagined what land vertebrates would look like if a Tully Monster-like creature was the basal specimen instead of Tiktaalik.
@ccsam1516
@ccsam1516 3 года назад
After a third watch, I feel like the Tully Monster is actually an invertebrate more closely related to squids
@ajayempee
@ajayempee 3 года назад
Hi Ben! I loooooove your videos i'm such a fan you are so professional you have kept me entertained for hooouuurs. But i have a question for you - have you done any videos on ceratopsians? I had a look but i couldn't find any... if not, would you mind explaining the history of ceratopsian, the usual, what they evolved from, basal and derived ceratopsians? Ooor, you could even do a series! That would be amazing. Thanks, Ajay.
@ashknoecklein
@ashknoecklein 4 года назад
"Palaeozoic Problematic Animals" is the name of my new band.
@SlavTiger
@SlavTiger 4 года назад
Paleozoic problematic proboscis is my new favorite alliteration
@craiga2002
@craiga2002 3 года назад
That tullymonster is so ugly, your band should only play Schoenberg! ;)
@thedoruk6324
@thedoruk6324 4 года назад
This truly unique animal proves that the 'lifeforms' at the beginning of the evolutionary cycle of life; were much more unsettling and differentiated in appearance; in a word; they were the 'true' aliens
@christosvoskresye
@christosvoskresye 4 года назад
No kidding! Compared to what we see in the fossil record, the aliens of cinematic science fiction are lame variations on humans, dogs, and lizards.
@thedoruk6324
@thedoruk6324 4 года назад
@@christosvoskresye they're the overexxgrated interpretations of Convergent Evolution; these prehistoric species are the real deal
@samuelmatheson9655
@samuelmatheson9655 4 года назад
@@christosvoskresye It looks like how the word nart-nat sounds
@henka4166
@henka4166 4 года назад
yes, but what's up with the semicolons?
@itzkingcringe
@itzkingcringe 4 года назад
Henka they get u marks in your GCSEs
@darksonianproductions2412
@darksonianproductions2412 3 года назад
This is a classic early build from the game spore when you just throw random body parts on to survive the swimming section
@josemiguelsilvalopes103
@josemiguelsilvalopes103 Год назад
This is brilliant science communication. Congrats. In an age of growing masses denying science and refusing rationality, this is brilliant. Everything is there - the notion that science is a constant debate, good sources, Simple yet effective explanations. Thank you! Thank you!
@lukapopov8197
@lukapopov8197 4 года назад
Looks like my creature from Spore
@SunnyOddny
@SunnyOddny 4 года назад
Can you do a video on ducks, and the history of ducks and their ancestors??
@hiunaut2833
@hiunaut2833 4 года назад
Hmm I don't know about that... Sounds like something a duck would say. *squints eye*
@quintenwhyte6660
@quintenwhyte6660 4 года назад
@@hiunaut2833 AFLAC!
@waterbottle8692
@waterbottle8692 4 года назад
They’re reptiles so their ancestors are dinosaurs
@TalkingAboutYooh
@TalkingAboutYooh 4 года назад
@@waterbottle8692 They're avians, birdbrain. But yes, still dinosaurs.
@chrismowry6760
@chrismowry6760 4 года назад
Avians are reptiles
@warrenarmstrong2154
@warrenarmstrong2154 3 года назад
Its kinda squid like, the fin on the back and the beak, all it’s missing are the tentacles
@sharpsrain8302
@sharpsrain8302 2 года назад
Looks like everyones first spore creature smashed Link's ocarina
@cathalhughes5996
@cathalhughes5996 4 года назад
The nature of this creature might have finally been solved 3:30 Looks at time left 6:50 *Doubt*
@MouseGoat
@MouseGoat 4 года назад
And then 3 minuts of just silence ͡° ͜ ͡°
@benjaminlovato283
@benjaminlovato283 4 года назад
The eyes remind me of snail eyes. The fossils are from when they are extended and would be retracted at other times.
@jaii5997
@jaii5997 3 года назад
in my opinion, it honestly just looks like an alien organism that fell into our atmosphere and ended up living in our waters for milleniums until it went extinct, it doesn't even look like a fish or an invertebrate, it looks like something you'd see in a movie, or in space
@timmytooturtleson2561
@timmytooturtleson2561 2 года назад
Everyone asks what was Tully Monster, But never how was Tully Monster. And maybe Tully Monster just need someone to check up on them.
@alexandercolefield9523
@alexandercolefield9523 4 года назад
I like the ideas that not only this is a fish, but a fish closely related to us.
@indeed_iditor
@indeed_iditor 4 года назад
It's funny that Tully in North India means drunk Hence in Hindi Tully monster should be called drunk monster😂😂😂 It can be called that due to its body design as well
@lashamartashvili
@lashamartashvili Год назад
Hi, Ben! The poor creature must have gone through a number of re-classification cycles since the release of this video. Hopefully you'll make an update on this wonderful animal.
@GabrielKish
@GabrielKish 3 года назад
What a fantastic video on such a bizarre creature.
@mattimal0726
@mattimal0726 4 года назад
Thank you for this video! I am from Chicago, IL and I remember learning about the Tully Monster in my state history class and getting very excited IL had been famous for an unknown fossil! I’m hoping to get to the Amazon Creek this summer
@seth1130
@seth1130 4 года назад
Part of me wants the Tully Monster to be better understood, but another part of me likes the mystery of an animal that can't be categorized
@poisonedsoap1341
@poisonedsoap1341 4 года назад
Honestly, it makes me think of a squid; it's beak, eyes, and tail fin(?) moved a lot closer, and has a relatively similar body to one too. I don't really know how evolution works, but thought I'd just put in my two-cents
@leonardomachado9423
@leonardomachado9423 2 года назад
Paleontologists: What are you? Tully Monster: I'm happy Paleontologists: No, what species are you? Tully Monster: I'm a friend Paleontologists: I meant what's in your genes? Tully Monster: Joy
Далее
The Most Accurate Dinosaur Ever Reconstructed?
23:27
Просмотров 864 тыс.
What Was the Biggest Dinosaur? - Part 1
21:20
Просмотров 439 тыс.
The Tully Monster & Other Problematic Creatures
5:03
Thylacoleo - Australia's Ancient Lion
15:17
Просмотров 892 тыс.
The Weird World of Deep Sea Sharks
31:44
Просмотров 84 тыс.
5 Strange Creatures From the Triassic Period
17:02
Просмотров 85 тыс.
Brontosaurus - The Story of the Thunder Lizard
13:53
Просмотров 318 тыс.
Disabilities in Prehistory
18:40
Просмотров 3,9 млн