For those of you who are wondering, second place is "silicon" at 28%. The ready abundance is part of the reason why the revolution of silicone construction materials is so vital to our modern world.
@@gordenrussell7266 An excellent idea. You can break off the O2 from the SiO(2) via "carbothermal reduction". Here's the tricky part: the O2 rips off of the silicon at 1700F, but will recombine anywhere from 800-1200F. So you need something to which the O2 can attach that is just a hair more reactive than the silicon. Enter carbon. Vaporizing carbon compounds inside the same chamber will create carbon monoxide (CO), silicon, and then slag from whatever was holding the carbon. You'll also get a tiny bit of Silicon carbide (SiC). Then you can safely reduce the heat without reverting back to where you started. Modern technology has also given us processes using lasers and irradiation, but these are (in my opinion) novelties and more expensive as you can upscale the carbothermal reduction on tremendous scale and feed it continuously without the need to reduce the heat back down to room temperature.
If we can get infrastructure up there oxygen extraction could be a thing. It would probably be complicated and expensive but that is hurdles to overcome.
So chemistry has been the answer to terraforming other celestial bodies this whole time. We just have to liberate the O2 from the compound it's bonded with, and wallah. Atmosphere!
Except for that whole 80% of our air is nitrogen, a bit under 20% oxygen, 1% argon, a tiny, tiny, tiny bit of CO2 (0.04% as I recall, with our exhaling a massive 4.4% CO2). His initial question I'd answer by grabbing a handful of dirt or a rock.
@@aiden6667 A shit ton less than 1% CO2. if there was that much we'd be all dying of CO2 poisoning all while tripping balls from CO2 narcotic effects while it poisons you.
but completely and dangerously WRONG ! Oxygen is not 62 % of the air. The composition of environmental air is approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon, and trace percentages of other gases, such as carbon dioxide, neon, methane, helium, krypton, hydrogen, xenon, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, iodine, carbon monoxide, and ammonia.
@@doncahootiwe know that, but he ain't talking about air composition, he's talking about the planeta, gas solid and liquid. Water has oxygen mate, dive in and breathe like a fish I dare you 😂
That's actually quite a good test for life on other planets. "That's an abnormal amount of this gas in the atmosphere... how did it get there? Vents? Fissures? Metabolic pathways?"
The Earth didn't have free oxygen in the atmosphere until Eukaryotes evolved the ability to photosynthesize and free oxygen from atmospheric carbon. In fact all the things it could bond with were not maxed out up to that point, there were iron mineral species that became oxidised because of this new source of atmospheric oxygen and formed banded iron formations which can be seen today.
One of the molecules that can naturally form is CO2(carbon dioxide) which is naturally in a gas state, most of our oxygen comes from metabolized CO2 from algae. Some of it is metabolized from minerals by plankton and anaerobic organisms as a waste product, but the amount is negligible.
Whoa! I thought it was all in that thin strip of atmosphere. So, hypothetically. If for some weird reason we needed some of that mantle oxygen, could we mine it?
Yeah it'd be really hard to do. The farthest we went down was around 20 kilometers or so. And the tungsten drills were under so much pressure and heat they started acting like plastic and couldn't move anymore. (Correction, it was 12 kilometers.)
The problem is not mining it, it's processing it. Oxygen is in everything around you. It's in your food, water, dirt, sand, etc. But as mentioned, it's found in combination with other things like silicon. The bonds between silicon and oxygen are very strong and very stable. To "extract" the oxygen would mean incredibly high energy inputs and/or incredible amounts of chemicals used; it's simply not feasible. Luckily this shouldnt be a concern unless we somehow manage to blast our atmosphere into outer space. And if we did, we'd have much bigger problems than just lack of oxygen
@@hunterm9 Thanks. I somehow got the impression that in addition to bonds, there was free O there too. Now, what would be the most efficient and realistic method to blast off our atmosphere? Asking for a friend.
I am completely in shock. I have always sought out an exploratory wide-ranging comprehension of the planet and universe and this completely caught me off guard.
Love it! Not killing curiousitu like tons of teachers and showing the topic and relating it to life.! Thanks again man, wish all teachers were like this!
The specific clip of the sea has the following coordinates: (33.6394797, 130.1970860) Alternatively the location is know as the Futamigaura Torii of Sakurai Shrine in Itoshima-shi Fukuoka Prefecture Japan.
Got a suggestion for you Dr Robertson - you've talked about Big bang nucleogenesis, and hydrogen becoming helium... What I'd like to know more about is what exactly happened with Lithium, the first "metal"? What makes it a "metal"? How did it gain those properties from the plasma of helium and hydrogen? How are those properties represented in harder metals like iron, but not other STP-solid elements like carbon?
Did he say otherwise? We've got just the right amount in the atmosphere generally. Anymore wouldn't be good for us. Though we do need to make sure that it's not combined with carbon.
@@Ozymandi_as if the oxygen content was either higher or lower, evolution would adapt the organism anyway. Eg. Sherpas in the Himalayas have a higher oxygen carrying capacity in their blood amongst other examples
@@rogue_spirit I disagree. if the universe was designed by an intelligence it wouldn't be so ridiculously overly complicated. like why invent quantum mechanics but then just use that to create newtonian physics at a macro scale! (i could go on all day with similar examples)
@@rogue_spirit no it points to observer bias. If earth was inhospitable for us ( like all other planets and moons in our solar system) we would not be here to make silly assumptions.
@@rogue_spirita puddle fitting perfectly inside a hole does not mean the puddle was designed to fit the hole. Kind of like how the organelles of a malaria virus perfectly interlock with receptors on our cells. It's natural processes, not some vindictive intelligence.
Back at dinosaur age, bugs used to be bigger than average human. That because earth back then is concentrated with oxygen. Nowadays, evolution turned them into smaller creature to consume less oxygen to survive. This means they consumed so much oxygen, so much they have to become smaller to preserve the remaining oxygen
Including bugs. Apparently I'm told bugs breathe through their 'skin'. The higher the concentration of oxygen the larger a bug can get. Wouldn't want to be around dig sized cockroaches.
That only applied to insects and arthropods, and even then oxygen wasn’t the main reason they were bigger, it was because they colonized the land before other types of animals did and since they had all the abundant resources of the global Carboniferous rainforest to themselves they could afford to become bigger. Btw the biggest animal to ever live, that we known of, is the blue whale. So yeah, more oxygen is not needed to reach the biggest possible size.
Yesterday i gave my assthmatic girl a HUGE dose of oxygen (almost 48%) . She was panting like crazy, but i saved her life and donated some of my life to her because she's my soulmate.
Ngl my school textbook always says oxygen was the most abundant element, but at that time it was hard to get that coz all i can think of O2 in the air which is 21- 22% I'm not sure, till this video i got that how its the most abundant element, tqsm btw
I mean, oxygen is one of the most abundant elements in our solar system and in many structures and systems we observe in our Milkyway Galaxy so it is not surprising to see that it being in compositions of many different materials
to be more precise, "element" means atoms that are themselves as molecules. but in the SiO it's just an atom. As an element, it is only in the air or in air bubbles in the water.
неправда, изучи химию. Элемент это вид атомов с одинаковым строением(электроны, протоны нейтроны). Поэтому в молекуле кислород не перестает быть элементом
But we studied in our chemistry books that isotope of carbon i.e C¹² is the most abundant on earth,that's why we measure weight of any element w.r.t carbon(C¹²)atom.
Love is like oxygen, you get too much, you get too high, not enuf and youre gonna die. So sweet fans..love is in the rocks.. which reminds me..neil diamond said: love on the rocks aint no surprise, pour me a drink and i'll tell you some lies
This is why life after the first bacteria and algae produced oxygen it needed ~ 1 or 2 billion years until there was enough free oxygen in the water (and later in the air) for animals to be able to breathe. First all the stones had to be oxygenated ;-)
So jesse pinkman did learn something after being such a bad student. RIP W.W. Best teacher ever. Don’t say he did it all just for teaching him. Also don’t say he didn’t.
Well, when we talk about oxygen in chemistry or as an element, you're exactly right; oxygen (symbol O) is its own element. When we move towards biology and begin to discuss the oxygen we actually breathe and use, we actually _do_ mean a molecule. To be more precise, when we refer to the "free" oxygen found in our atmosphere that living creatures like us breathe and metabolize, we're actually talking about _diatomic oxygen,_ or a molecule made up of exactly two oxygen atoms bound to each other. Finding unbound, monatomic oxygen atoms in nature, called oxygen radicals, is exceedingly unlikely; single atoms of oxygen are HIGHLY reactive and really want to be a part of some molecule. This means that any singlet oxygen will try to form a compound with the first molecule it bumps into immediately after it is formed, often resulting in a violently energetic reaction. There are some videos that show just how terrifyingly aggressive singlet oxygen can be in higher concentrations!
Here's an estimate of the total oxygen ratio on Earth and in the Earth: _Total Oxygen on Earth (surface):_ - Atmosphere: 21% of the total oxygen - Oceans: 70% of the total oxygen (mostly dissolved in water) - Land: 9% of the total oxygen (produced by plants and trees) _Total Oxygen in the Earth (interior):_ - Crust: 95% of the total oxygen in the Earth - Mantle: 4% of the total oxygen in the Earth - Core:
In 2022, the concentration of CO2 was 418 ppm. Experts say that if we surpass 450 ppm, we will surpass the 1.5C goal set by the Paris Agreement, and we need to be at or below 350 ppm for a thriving planet.
I wish we could harvest all those sweet oxygen elements from the earth's mantle. It's mind blowing to know that the lands that we live on are made of half oxygen half metal elements
If all the oxygen bound to the minerals were suddenly released into the atmosphere, the atmospheric pressure would increase drastically, actually multiplied many times.
It really is. But remember, even carbon dioxide and monoxide, water, have oxygen atoms in them. Unfortunately, it’s not the kind of oxygen that is useful for breathing. That is strictly O2.
