My opinion on the pulsing is the tube feeding the opening is simply larger than the opening. That would certainly cause the same effect and the those classic rossby waves at the edges of the smoke as it expands from the opening that we see
@@carolinewood71 hi Caroline, that's a great question 😃 while Whakaari/White island and Japan are on the edge of the "Pacific Ring of fire" a region that contains a lot of the worlds volcanic activity, and earthquakes, the volcanic cones are fed by separate batches of hot rock independently and the volcanic and earthquake areas aren't connected directly to each other 👍👋😃 Awesome Question 👍😆
I was on White Island in the late 90's collecting some soil gas and fumarole data. It erupted a week after we were there. The eruption kind of made our work moot...
Sounds about right. Also, while its lake acidity has widely varied, White Island's crater lake has frequently ranked among the most acidic (and corrosive) in the world. As you might imagine this is why scientific equipment placed on the island frequently fails.
Hello from New Zealand. Thanks for your calm, scientific and measured explanation of White Island’s mood swings in particular, and geology in general. I hope you can visit our shakey isles soon!
Thanks as always, Geology Hub. I have only respect for Geoff Mackley and Extreme Pursuit for recording that incredible footage! I know we all know this, but looking at the footage, one can really appreciate how gas plays a role in making volcanic eruptions explosive. Though it is not a certainty, the possibility of a change in activity is still there. I hope people remain cautious in terms of White Island.
I'd like to see an overview of why Whakaari/White Island's 2019 eruption was so bad for those who don't understand why geoscientists were unable to predict it. That would probably be a bit longer than your usual video, but I think it bears discussion since so many people don't understand that phreatic eruptions are really unpredictable. There were fines levied against multiple parties for that, including GNS Science, _who couldn't have predicted this eruption in the first place_ due to the nature of phreatic eruptions.
You cannot predict steam outbursts at all. RE- Recent boom at Yellowstone. There were signs of serious activity many days before White Island blew in 2019. The main fumarole had an energetic and heaving dome of boiling water signaling very high energy input. This was out-of-the-ordinary behavior.
My opinion on the pulsing is the tube feeding the opening is simply larger than the opening. That would certainly cause the same effect and the those classic rossby waves at the edges of the smoke as it expands from the opening that we see
I love this fact! Weee Thank you for using its true name as well. Whakaari was truly awesome to walk around on in 2009. Did the 2019 eruption take out any of the old structures on the SW flank?
Thank you for this awesome update to Whakaari's recent activity. I have been watching the geonet camera every day to see how it's going. I know it's likely not a big danger to my family who live in the bay of plenty but it's still something I keep my eye on.
🇳🇿👋 if you might consider a more in depth video of nz north island volcanic field and underlying tectonics would be awesome 🙇🙇🙇 you might have already covered on a previous video pardon if I've missed it ☺️
White Island is a much larger volcano that it looks like on the surface; the visible portion is 321mASL, and its total height from the sea floor is roughly 1600m. That means that magma at 600m depth is actually in the cone, just a few hundred meters below the crater floor. With that little overburden, it won't take much pressure buildup at all to cause an explosion.
To be honest the way that the emissions look, it could also just be turbulence around the opening of the vent. If the Reynolds number is right i would expect that sort of undulating pattern
Very low, as far as I can tell. That is a submarine volcano, and Whakaari/White Island is a mature stratovolcano with an active cone that is more or less central.
@@edwardlulofs444 If you’re American, you’d pronounce it like kuh-TAR or Cutter If you’re British, you add an “a” sound more equivalent to “cat,” and give more equal weight to the two syllables, and thus pronounce it CAT-tar
@@JackMellor498 yes, but as I understand it, the people of Qatar do not pronounce it that way. I hope that you have heard that accents happen because after 7 years old, it’s (nearly) impossible to learn how a foreign language is pronounced. The sounds of languages are unique. That’s one reason why I love to hear foreign language speakers. It’s fascinating.
@@edwardlulofs444I was 6 and a half to 7 years old when I learned German from scratch (my mother tongue is Portuguese) and I can assure you that after some time my German accent was pretty much the same as that of any native German speaker. And I wasn't the only one.
@@GRosa I am a senior, so perhaps my understanding is wrong. Or perhaps you have a gift for languages. Or perhaps you worked very hard to master the language. In any case, I thank you for your post. Hopefully, others will post their experiences and I will be better informed. Thank you.
It is worth mentioning why you say “infamous”. From that December eruption in 2019, 22 tourists or tour workers were killed and another 25 injured with many having very serious burns.
It's difficult to process how magma can hang out at shallow depths and tease an eruption. 500 meters is 2 city blocks. Heat and melted rock and mankind roams around on top of it. Freaky!
Gas jets like this may also occur in much hotter, magmatic eruptions. It was surmised that large chunks of lithic rhyolite vented during the 2011 Cordon Caulle eruption in Chile were formed by the welding of fine ash onto the sides of the conduit during extended venting of high velocity jets of dusty gas sustained by rapid degassing of rising rhyolite during the formation of a lava flow during the later part of the eruption.
Hmm so phreatic for now but might soon have a magmatic component because of high sulfur dioxide emissions indicating shallow magma do we have any idea how much is down there (say via ground deformation for example). So White island erupts andesite thanks for the update.
I got told in school to never go there, it's too dangerous and can't let go at anytime. I remember the teacher telling us how they tried mining it for sulfur till it had a small eruption and killed some people, her dad was part of the local Maori that said it would happen but the company went in anyway. That's about all I remember of her story but it was the early 90s and I was probably 7 so it's been a little while.
One of the consistent errors I've seen you make is significant figures. 3 meters has one significant digit. Therefore your scientifically accurate options are 9 feet or 10 feet.
It was named 'White Island' by Captain Cook back in 1769 though his reason for why it that name was chosen is quite vague. Likely it has to do with active steam vents and the guano deposits the volcano had in the past. It should also be noted that Cook didn't sail close by the island nor did he record it as a volcano at the time.
With all that previous Sulfur mining & tourism on White Island, I don't know why nobody ever build a few concrete bunkers. It would've been as easy as dropping a porta potty, and then covering it with concrete poured from a helicopter.
(“Geeoff” lol) “We may soon…” “We could…” No need for the ‘hypothetical statement’ disclaimer. The words you speak have meaning and describe the situation perfectly. In fact…a hypothetical statement would be something more like ‘if the magma rises, we -*will* get a large eruption.’ It’s like an if-then where the ‘then’ part is stated with certainty.
Thank you for so much of your hard work that goes into these volcano information videos. We appreciate you more than words can say. Btw, if there's anyone reading this that doesn't believe in God or the higher power you sure have a big surprise coming your way
The AI voice is a bit dark-alley-way creepy - an ordinary voice - real person - would be much nicer. The crater is backfilled with a very old landslide, so lots of clutter in the vent; no history of an open vent, just a lake. Minor cold lava extrusions have occurred in the recent past, spooky, not dramatic. Sea water must penetrate? Maybe this current phase could melt some of the unseen clutter as it falls down the 'hole'.
She is on level three as of 29 august 2024 ,I live in whakatane,I have a view of her sometimes depending on weather etc ,some times she looks far away other times very close,but also today I got an alert that mount Ruapehu in the middle of the north island has some activity yesterday she was on level 0 today she is on alert level1,we also have a super volcano called lake Taupo, taupo and rotorua are two very active areas with hot pools that you can swim in with head above water that is and mud pools and hot springs etc we are also very active with hot steam that we can use as an energy source and also active with earthquakes,South Island has no volcanoes that we know of but she is earth quake active.
