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World War II was the deadliest war in history, killing over 60 million people, including 40 million civilians. Like the Kauravs and Pandavs in Mahabharata, there were two main groups in the second world war, namely the Allies and the Axis. Axis powers included mainly Germany, Japan, and Italy, while Allied powers included countries like the US, UK, Soviet Union, China, Poland, France, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. In the case of Nepal, it was from the side of the Allies.
The second world war was caused by many factors. Among them is the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. Germany was unhappy with the treaties because they had to accept the blame of causing the first world war and pay huge sums as punishment. There were many terms, such as Germany having to cut its army to 100,000 men and sacrificing nearly 13% of its land.
During the first world war, Adolf Hitler was in German Army and he joined German Workers' Party in 1919 and later he was appointed leader of the Nazi Party. In 1923, he attempted to seize governmental power where he turned to be failure after which he was imprisoned with a sentence of five years. Hitler was known for his aggressive speech and people appreciated him because he was against the Treaty of Versailles. On 30 January 1933, President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Hitler as chancellor.
Germany and Soviet Union signed in a treaty called Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact on 23 August 1939. This treat is also called Hitler-Stalin Pact. They agreed that Soviet Union and German would not attack each other. They also made a secret deal where they agreed to attack Poland and made its partition.
After two days of Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact between Germany and USSR, Poland and UK made an agreement where UK will assist Poland if was attacked by some "European country” indicating Germany. They also agreed not to enter agreement with another country. that were a threat to the other. Because of this agreement, Hitler postponed his plan to invade Poland from 26 August until 1 September 1939.
On the other side, there was Sino-Japanese war (China-Japan war) since 1937. On 1 September 1939, German invaded Poland. After two days, UK and France declared war on Germany on September 3. USSR also attacked Poland on September 17, 1939. After Poland lost the war, its territory was partitioned between USSR and Germany. Germany formed a group with Italy and Japan which was joined by many countries later. By 1940, Germany has controlled most of the area of Europe as it captured the superpower, France.
Germany started Operation Barbarossa on 22 June 1941 which was designed to attack Soviet Union where three million axis troops were assigned. Operation Barbarossa aimed to capture the natural resources in Soviet Union. The Axis troops captured thousands of kilometers, but the story changed when the cold season started. The Soviet Army were able to fight in winter compared to German. The Soviet Army (Red Army) regained the territories which it lost headed towards the capital city of Germany, Berlin.
On December 7, 1941, Sunday, morning 7:48 a.m., Japan made a surprise military attack at naval base at Pearl Harbor with 353 Imperial Japanese aircraft including fighters and bombers. 188 US aircraft were destroyed, and the Pearl Harbor attack killed 2,403 Americans. Along with this attack, Japan also declared war against UK. At that time, US was neutral, but the Pearl Harbor attack made it to enter the world war and declared war against Japan on December 8.
UK, US and Canadian troops landed on the Normandy beaches of France on June 6, 1944, as France was captured by Germany. On April 13, 1945, Soviet forces capture Vienna (capital city of Austria). Germany was in trouble as it was losing the territories it has captured and the mainland Germany was about to be captured by allies’ power and Soviet Union. On 29 April 1945, Hitler married his long-time girlfriend Eva Braun, and the same day German forces surrender in Italy. The next day the couple committed suicide. Within few days, Germany surrendered.
Following the defeat of Germany, Japan was called to surrender which was rejected by Japanese government. On 6 August,1945, the atomic bomb, Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima. On August 8, another bomb named Fat Man was dropped on Nagasaki.
According to estimates, 90,000 and 146,000 people died in Hiroshima bombing whereas 39,000 and 80,000 people died in Nagasaki. Large number of people continued to die from injuries, radiation sickness and malnutrition. Most of the people who died were civilian. On August 15, Japan surrendered, and the Japanese government signed the instrument of surrender on 2 September, marking the end of second world war.
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21 авг 2024
