What is electricity? To answer this question, we will initially consider who discovered electricity and how it was learned about it. Even in ancient Greece, the famous philosopher Thales noticed that if amber is rubbed with silk, then small objects such as straw are attracted to the stone. Later, this phenomenon was investigated, which was called electrization by friction. Due to electrification, amber acquired a negative charge, under the influence of which small straw was attracted to the stone. And the charges formed in this way and their effect on the surrounding bodies are called static electricity. All substances are composed of molecules that consist of atoms. The structure of the atom was approximately simplified in the form of a planetary model, according to which the nucleus is in the center of the atom, and electrons move around the nucleus at a certain distance. The core consists of protons and neutrons. Initially, under normal conditions, the atom of any substance is electrically neutral. But under the influence of external factors: temperature, radiation, solar radiation, etc. electrons can leave atoms or take up space in orbits of other atoms. An atom that has lost an electron is called a positive ion, since the positive charge of the proton already predominates in it. Conversely, if an atom has received an additional electron, it is called a positive ion, since it is dominated by a negative charge of electrons.
22 сен 2024
