What is the Human Cell Atlas?
The first version of the Human Cell Atlas will integrate cell maps of different organs and tissues from 18 biological networks. It will advance our understanding of the human body in ways not previously possible and will in time become a comprehensive map of the entire body.
"You can think of it as kind of like a Google Map, where you can zoom in from the whole body to the organ to tissue to cell level, and that has profound implications for understanding healthy biology and what goes wrong in disease," Dr Sarah Teichmann, Head of Cellular Genetics at the Wellcome Sanger Institute and co-founder and co-chair of the Human Cell Atlas Organising Committee, explained in a conversation with us about the project.
"Based on that map concept, you can also think of it as a guidebook for an organ and, in fact, for the whole body."
The Human Cell Atlas is being created through a process of mapping and profiling all the different cell types in the body using advanced genomic methods, such as identifying genes that are active in individual cells, alongside data science methods.
This process enables the creation of consensus reference datasets of the different cell types in various tissues and systems in the human body - the lung, heart, skin, kidney and so on - and at very detailed cellular and molecular levels. The complete Human Cell Atlas will be based on around ten billion cells across all our organs and tissues, accounting for repeated cell types.
"The DNA is identical in almost every single cell in our body. And of course, the Human Genome Project gave us the genetic code," said Teichmann. "But which genes are switched on in a muscle cell versus a neuron? That's what the Human Cell Atlas project is aiming to resolve."
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29 авг 2024
