3 Min - Turkish Language Lessons For Beginners - Present Simple Tense 

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3 Min - Turkish Language Lessons For Beginners - Present Simple Tense
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Today’s subject is present simple tense. In this lesson, I will give you some tables and some examples. I will explain you just one example and I want you study the other examples by your own. We use the present simple tense for actions that we do all the time. It is used for actions that we have done in the past, that we still do now and that we will continue to do in the future. In Turkish, we indicate the present simple tense by attaching certain suffixes to the verb root. We obtain the verb root by removing the "mek/mak" from the infinitive form.
We can express the present simple tense in four ways:
1.Positive (Eg. I eat)
2.Negative (Eg. I do not eat)
3.Positive Question (Eg. Do I eat?)
4.Negative Question (Eg. Do I not eat?)
Positive 1 - Ends in vowel: ("-r")
The first case is when the verb root has:
•A vowel at the end of it
To form the positive present simple tense verb, all we do is attach "r" to the verb root followed by the personal suffix.
Positive 2 - Ends in a consonant and has one syllable: ("-er/-ar")
The second case is when the verb root:
•Ends in a consonant
•Has exactly one syllable
We attach one of "ar/er" based on the last vowel found in the verb root. Then we attach the personal suffix.
Positive 3 - Ends in a consonant and has more than one syllable: ("-ır/-ir/-ur/-ür")
The last case is when the verb root:
•Ends in a consonant
•Has more than one syllable
NEGATIVE
There is just one way of forming the negative present simple tense verb. We attach one of "maz/mez" to the verb root depending on its last vowel. We then attach the personal suffix.
"Ben" and "Biz" are a bit different. For "Ben" we attach "mem/mam" instead of "mez/maz". For "Biz" we attach "meyiz/mayız".
POSITIVE QUESTION
While there are three different ways of forming a positive present simple tense verb, we can use one short method to turn them all into questions.
The key is to focus on the "r" that was added when the positive verb was formed. The first thing we do is split the verb after the "r". To this we add "mı/mi/mu/mü" separately, based on the vowel before the "r". Lastly, we attach the personal suffix.
For "Onlar", the personal suffix remains attached to the "r". All we do is add "mı" or "mi" to it at the end. Furthermore, for "Ben" and "Biz" we add a "y" before the personal suffix to prevent having two vowels side by side.
NEGATIVE QUESTION
To form a negative question, we attach "maz/mez" to the verb root depending on its last vowel. We then separately add "mı/mi" together with the personal suffix.
For "Onlar", the personal suffix gets attached to "maz/mez" instead. Furthermore, for "Ben" and "Biz" we add a "y" before the personal suffix to prevent having two vowels side by side.
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