There's a lot of good material, here but there are also some glitches in the explanations that really kinda sidestep one of the most important principles of the circuit. Always keep in mind with opamp circuits that the amplifier will drive the output in whatever way is necessary to make the negative input terminal the same voltage as the positive input terminal. (If there is a difference, the amplifier will push the output either up or down as necessary to bring the difference back to zero. That's the whole idea of negative feedback. ) In this case, the positive input is grounded, so we know that under all conditions, the negative input will also be driven to zero volts. Always! One way to think of it is that the constant input current "flows" through the capacitor, since there is no current into the inverting input. We have a constant current flowing into the node (positively), we need the same constant current flowing out of it (negatively) to keep the node at zero. Then, since the current through the capacitor is constant, the voltage will build up on it at a constant rate, and we get a nice, perfect ramp at the output. This is a very important aspect of the design of an integrator. It's what makes it possible for the A to D converters in (expensive!) precision multimeter so accurate, as they use that perfect ramp to convert voltage to time, and makes other circuits possible that need precision ramps (e.g. the horizontal sweep of an analog oscilloscope).
This was super duper helpful, thank you!! I'm trying to understand sigma-delta DACs, and I had no idea what an integrator was. This has given me a much clearer picture!
Probably the best explanation on integrators that I have ever heard!! Superb! The fact that you talked about the concept without involving the math was brilliant. Thanks! Btw, just one basic question: Even when we say that its computing the area, the value is inverted right? When the positive half cycle of the square wave starts, the triangle wave starts its negative slope.
Brilliant tutorial. Your videos should be required viewing for all electronics students. I like how you worked the bug out of the circuit at 10:08 :) .
ok, ok... now this is the very best op-amp integrator video that i have seen yet...:0 this is how they should teach basic calculus with a real world hands on task... thanks a lot...:)
awesome...i FINALLY can visualize and understand what INTEGRATION actually IS and what it DOES. !!... thank you SO much. 5 STAR demonstration...very much appreciated !!
How would you connect a transistor circuit to the input of this circuit? I'm using a 2n2222 transistor amplifier and a tl074 ok amp. Also, how would I connect an ok amp circuit to the input of this circuit, nothing works, I've been trying constantly for two weeks and nothing works.
Thank you SOOOO much for posting this video!!! I can't tell you how many YEARS I've been trying to wrap my head around the concept of "integration", and you cleared it all up with the sentence; "Integration is a function that sums a bunch of areas or values that you're looking for." Until now, any time I'd ask someone what an integrator is, they'd just say "It's a function or circuit that integrates, Duh!", so then, I'd ask, what integrating is, and I'd hear "It's what an integrator does, Duh!"..... Now, I can't wait for your video on differentiators! P.S. - Love the practical demonstrations, as well - they really help to solidify the concepts for me!
Really awesome videos. You might go a bit more into the topics you introduce - such as harmonics. A bit difficult following due to implicit knowledge. Also I would like a more in depth perspective on the calculations of the xc and so on. But again thanks very much for the perhaps best explained video on YT :) But thanks
Hi, I understand your what you are saying. I could go into greater depth but the length of the videos would get much longer so I have to decide what needs covering. My rationale here was that since this is a solid state course, viewers would already have an understanding of AC topics like harmonics and reactance. I will keep your suggestions in mind and thanks for watching!
Dear sir, Could u tell us which type op you are used in the breadboard, I want to do the same simulation in multisim and also do the real board to test thd circuit. Thanks a lot,bro.:))
There is nothing on RU-vid about setting up power supplies and ground. Do you use a reference ground and tie everything into that even your negative voltage supply?
Hi Sandler, The answer that no one want is "it depends". A floating supply (batteries) will not use an earth ground - this is when you just attach + and - to the device under test and have at it. It will work fine for some applications. I live in an electrically noisy area so I will often connect my - to ground. The radio I am currently working on is battery powered but with all the noise I have here I need to attach - to gnd (and it still picks up some noise).
@@TheOffsetVolt Thanks. I have 2 dc power supplies and a function generator. I use a common ground pin for the rail and input voltages. When I connect the negative rail, I plug the negative part of a power supply into the rail and the positive into the ground reference. I was wondering if there are other ways to power an opamps negative rail.
Another use for integrator is to spot "when" it is time to switch on and off the various coils of a 3 coils (also called 3 poles, and ambiguously, sometimes, 3 phases) DC motor. Since the interval of time where each coil has to be energized depends on the rotation of the rotor (faster it is, less time the coil should be on), and given the complexity of back emf, a frequently mentioned and near optimal strategy is to fire on and off the coils as the integrated voltage from the common wire (of the three coils) passes through zero. ( As one possible reference, see: bldc.wikidot.com/bldc-and-8051 )
GOOD PRESENTATION BUT, THE CORRECT NOTATION FOR THE INTEGRAL THE WAY I LEARNED IT IS dt NOT DELTA T,BECAUSE WHEN YOU DO THE INTEGRATION THE d GOES OUT.
