ADF NDB navigation concepts made simple. 

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ADF (Automatic Direction Finder)
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This is Capt. Neha Thakare, a Capt on A320
How are you all doing in this extended Lockdown?
This is a short clip to give a glance of how to navigate using the ADF (Automatic Direction Finder) But online ground training gives the detailed explanation of this concept.
Though lot of NDB (Non Directional Beacon) ground stations are out of phase, its understanding of relative bearing is required to know about QDM, QDR etc.
In today's module, we're gonna look at how to use ADF and what's the Relative bearing, QDM and QDR.
Let's see what's the Relative bearing, then QDM and QDR
in this Navigation trainer Heading indicator is on left side then RBI Relative bearing indicator is in the centre and RMI Radio Magnetic Indicator is on the right side. Let's focus on RBI for now.
RBI will indicate relative bearing.
Relative bearing is Number of degrees to turn clockwise to go to the station.
So if aircraft is at this position, (heading 120 on QDR 030) RB will be 090, that's ac has to turn 090 degrees to go to the station. Now if ac wants to know what heading to fly to station, in nil winds then it will turn onto heading 210 to go to station. Hence QDM is 210.
QDM is Heading to fly to station in nil winds or track to fly to the station
QDM = Hdg M +RB
QDR is magnetic bearing of the ac from the station.
QDR = QDM + or - 180
There r 360 bearings from the station.
RMI is the instrument in which Dial is that of heading indicator and needle is that of RBI.
Head of the RMI will indicate QDM
Tail of the RMI will indicate QDR
QDM is 210 and QDR is 030.
Let's look at another example,
(QDR 120, heading 030)
At this position, RB is Number of deg to turn clockwise to go to station, that's 270
RBI shows 270 here W is 270 in RBI.
QDM is Magnetic track to go to station, that's MH + RB = 030+270= 300,
Head of the RMI indicates QDM
QDR is magnetic bearing from the station which is 300-180= 120
Tail of the RMI indicates 120
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