Alien: Isolation - Where's The Sequel? 

It's not only the best Alien game, it actually surpasses a lot of the modern Alien movies in almost every way.

You can thank IGN for that. They gave it 5.9/10 for being too hard, which dropped it's metascore to 79%, damaging it's sales.

The best alien game

Someone once said that the next Alien Isolation should let you play as Newt. It would allow you to experience the fall of Hadleys Hope and end with her being found. I think that would be amazing.

romulus trailer just makes me want a sequel to this game even more

I bought Alien Isolation on release and got stuck into it only to find that, despite me being a seasoned horror movie fan, I was so absolutely crippled by fear that it left me too terrified to play on. The San Cristobal medical facility level, with its confusing layout and open areas combined with the oppressive atmosphere generated by the game's audio was so fantastically done that it scared me too much to play on, which I look back on now with amusement. It took a few attempts and I didn't actually play it properly until 2-3 years after release, but once it 'clicked' with me I realised that it was (and still is) quite simply one of the finest games that's ever been made. I'm playing it through again right now on hard difficulty, and despite being a decade old it stills plays better than a lot of newer games. Even the graphics, with the exception of the character models and cutscenes, still hold up and the thought of that open ending leaves me pining for a sequel. I doubt it will ever come though, sadly - but there's always the hope that it will.

Alien Isolation was one of the hardest games I've played. It went from making me jump to where I got pissed off and wished for a pulse rifle. To feel better I chased the alien around with my flame thrower. When running out of fuel I'd restart the game and chase him all over again. It made me feel better.

Can't spell ignorance without IGN...

The fact that this game landed so well and has now faded to relative obscurity is mind boggling

The more you play Alien Isolation, the better it gets. I'm talking about when you've played it so much, to the point of knowing every inch of Sevastopol, that you no longer need the map. You know when it's safe to run, and roughly when and where the alien is likely to appear. The game of cat and mouse becomes more fast paced, and in my opinion, so much better for it. I'm not sure a sequel could match the gameplay of Isolation, as it's close to perfection as it is. All it really needs is an updated re-skin, to make it even more epic.

I'm cautiously optimistic for the Jurassic park game that might be similar in gameplay to Alien: Isolation. But yeah, I REALLY want a sequel too

Just a small remark: According to Cameron's Aliens, Amanda Ripley-McClaren died at 66 years old. Carter Burke is telling Ellen during that cut-scene mentioned. But in fact that should only be a cover story to keep Amanda safe as she suffers from cancer and preferred to wait for a cure while laying frozen in cryo. The Narcissus was found only a year later after Amanda was frozen. If things weren't bad enough.

I've played plenty of horror games but this one GENUINELY scared me all the way to the end

I replay this every few months. Absolutely awesome!

Thanks for making an extensive video praising this game! Never gets old.

When I first played this game back in 2014, it was in San Cristobal, where the first encounter with the Xenomorph is. I just couldn't go though. I spent an age checking rechecking and looking out for where it is, only to sneak back to safety. All the buildup to it and the constant worry about where or when will it strike left me frozen. I came out to go to the kitchen (at night) to get a glass of water or something and just stayed there trying to calm my nerves. A flatmate came out for something and saw me in the kitchen, and when "My God, what happened to you?! Are you ok? You're pale like you've seen a ghost" I think I was in shock. 10/10 never played it again. (after I finished it eventually lol)

I just realized you have like 300 subscribers. I really enjoyed this video, thank you.

Alien Isolation is 1 of my favorite games of all time.... Same, I've bought it for PC, PS3, PS4, and Switch. Have some 230 + hours in PC alone.

11:04 I think the topic of people underutilizing their gadgets in Isolation is more complicated than it first seems, and is more a sign of "double-edged sword" in this aspect of game's design. From what I've personally seen and read, it's not that people simply forget, or disregard to use their tools, but rather find themselves too scared to even consider try some of, if not all of them, and for understandable reasons. There is a high risk tied to almost any action you can perform in the game, in particular in using your items, with how vulnerable you are and how powerful enemies are, especially the Alien. At the same time, your ability to fight back is, while not nonexistent, but still is rather limited, and, most importantly, the success in effectively utilizing your options is never guaranteed and at the same time punishment for failure is very high, and usually highest with the Alien. All this can make it really difficult to break out of that overly passive and 'safe' playstyle where all the player does is hide in lockers and waits around for 20 minutes, because, when your ultimate goal is trying to survive, taking risks, especially in the game both as oppressive AND punishing as Isolation, can be naturally off-putting, and it's smth I can relate to rather closely as I myself had that outlook on certain items for a very long time, them being Revolver, Smoke Bomb, Maintenance Jack and Rewire Boxes. For me even considering to use those items was off-putting, as I thought back then the risks involved were far too high, in particular for the Revolver, Maintenance Jack and Rewire. And that's also what I think drives most of the disagreement on the design and implementation of tools in the game, as for others, that were put off of using the items, it made them feel they are meaningless and pointless, as technically you can beat the game without ever touching them. I, personally, became only more in awe of the game's design by how it can essentially scare you off of engaging with its mechanics, requiring YOU to push yourself over your primary instincts and do your best to remain rational instead. And, as a side note, an aspect of Isolation that I only grew to appreciate significantly more when the game would put me in such situations where I was 'forced' to explore the utility of the aforementioned items and made me realize that, no, they are not useless, and there are no inescapable situations in Isolation. Everything is in your hands. 11:52 I am much more critical in that aspect...of the people. I really, really, really struggle to comprehend how people get confused and lost with navigating around in the game beyond M11, as open as I try to be in conversations about this game, with how much experience I have with it. I mean, yes, sure, it isn't a completely streamlined, linear game a la Call of Duty or Uncharted, it has its alternative paths and routes (sometimes) and very often filled with all sorts of rooms. It's metroidvania-ish, altho probably light one, in its level design. And, also, truth be told, M11, the Solomon's Galleria, does have some significant issues with environmental sign-posting (it's better explained in this video: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-duPzudtOa5w.htmlsi=tsII5fVn11yt-W9D). But beyond that I just really think it's a case of lack of patience and poor attention spans, because, as you said, there are both very player-friendly map (that, might I point out, many people still somehow struggle with understanding even tho all the instructions are RIGHT THERE) and the Motion Tracker that point you to your objective. I mean, hell, personally I think that Objective Bar on the Motion Tracker is redundant, as it takes away navigation as an element of gameplay almost entirely, when it could have benefitted the game in creating and maintaining tension only further. Altho, that said, it would benefit the experience ONLY if, at the same time, bringing up the map wouldn't pause the game. So yeah, pet peeves of mine, among quite a few. 16:40 Sooo I assume this video was long time in the making, cause...Hyenas was cancelled a week before it was supposed to be released. And with it many of the staff were sacked, cause of course they were, and not the execs who were the ones responsible for pushing an idea that was never going to be profitable. Yeah, this year really sucked in that regard for game dev. On one hand - lots of amazing AND profitable games, on the other - tons and tons of unjust and nonsensical lay-offs. Anyway, on the topic of Isolation sequel - not gonna happen and the hope realistically has died as long as in 2017 tbh. By that point many of the original staff had switched studios, opened their own (No_Code), Sega has probably lost the rights to the license, and CA itself had already released Halo Wars 2 with its console team and with the same team was fully involved in the development of Hyenas. All 'rumors' are just a sentiment bait that is being made and recycled by shady, unreliable outlets every 2 or so years, hence why you only see them being reported by these shady, unreliable outlets (The Gamer, GameRant and the bunch). But for anyone still holding out slight bits of those hopes, Sega, after the catastrophe that was Hyenas, went out of their way and buried that rotting corpse: www.videogameschronicle.com/news/sega-says-creative-assembly-will-return-to-genres-it-knows-best-after-hyenas-cancellation/

I think, if they were gonna make a sequel, it should be exactly the same as isolation, but set during the first Alien movie. just a play through of the first movie, but make it like Isolation where you can follow directions and stuff, but you can also go your own way and scavenge or something. they could even make it just a DLC for Isolation, but better than the ones they've already made.

I’ve always wanted an Alien Isolation 2 set during the events of the Hadley’s Hope infestation on LV-426. You play as a child (Newt or a new character) and have to survive on your own during the chaos of the outbreak.

Playing it again tomorrow, so cool finding this video 👍

Dude you gave such an in depth explanation and love for this game, its definetly a huge obsession of mine and it did so well, the fact they made a co-op shooter instead of an alien isolation 2 is really insane. but I also ask where would the series even go? maybe it had a proper end.

IF they had to hop on to Aliens, Newt’s Tale would be amazing to try out in that style! They could do an Alien 3 game in that style, too, I think that’d work wel, too! But yeah, I’d love a direct continuation with Amanda! I freaking love that game!!

I like the idea of a sequel where you can do more with boobie traps and demolition-add something like Half Life 2 mechanics so that you spend more time devising strongholds and defenses. The best part of the Android levels was the C-suite alamo standoff where you could think on your feet. You know if they were to do something like Alien Isolation with multiple xenomorphs, then being able to erect baricades, cut through walls and most importantly, have someone to protect. The worst part of Alien Isolation, was there was nothing to summon your courage but simple terror and having died so many times as a coward. Having someone like Newt that you have to look out for just people that you risk your safety to help, would make that second layer of the story that Aliens added. Does it break the horror? Not necessarily.

Have played thousands of games throughout my 42 years, going right back to the Atari 2600, C64 and NES era, and this game makes my top 10 of all time.

Alien has been my fav since I was 6 years old. Alien isolation is the most immersive game I've ever played. The game designers went above and beyond, criminally underrated.

I love your idea for a sequel What I would do is a direct sequel to aliens with Ripley as the playable character and she’s with newt hicks and bishop

Great video. One of the best things about Isolation IMHO is that we got a better idea of how the politics and economics of space travel work (and don't work) in the Alien universe. If Isolation gets a sequel, I'd like to see more of that (as well as plenty of Xeno horror).

The attention to the aesthetics of the original movie is a big selling point for the game for me as well. Being able to actually explore those retrofuturistic environments is quite a treat. The gameplay is a mixed bag but I enjoy it personally, I've always been the type to prefer sneaking around. I totally understand people who don't enjoy it or find it boring though. The story does come across as dragged out, but it's not really supposed to be the focus anyway. 11:50 I notice _so many people_ ignore or miss the glowing white map terminals. I guess they blend in too well as a realistic part of the environment.

Excellent review and suggestions. I love this game and have played it through probably 20 times. When it first came out, it did not have nightmare mode, but was released a couple months later. A real game changer on the survival horror when it did. My first playthrough was ..... I did not conserve resources well enough. So the alien had me cornered in the very worse level. Eventually, I had to back out to an earlier save point so I could beat the game. I haven't played it in about a year, but now I might try again.

There is an offical kind of Sequel called "Alien: Blackout" exclusively on mobile phones. But I was removed from the stores some time ago. I've you've downloaded it, you can still play it but there will be no updates whatsoever.

I don’t think it needs a sequel; the game is perfect as it is and I still enjoy replaying it A sequel would either be criticised for being too similar to the original, or too different. The original dev team split and went their separate ways, and even if they could somehow be persuaded to reform… there’s no guarantee that would bring back the magic that made this game work.

Great video!

Ripleys daughter died at 66. Not in her 80s. Ripley was on her way home for her daughters 11th birthday when everything happened

I think a good explanation for Amanda being an old woman in that deleted scene is Wayland Yutani lied to her claiming she died of old age. It would be a cover story to hide that she might have had some other adventure that put bad publicity on their company.

Picked up a copy for my xbox360 and loved every bit, planning on getting it on steam now for the vr

I'm someone who doesn't really enjoy the gameplay loop of Amnesia, Outlast, Resident Evil, and the like - but I've run Alien Isolation dozens on release on my Xbox 360, then on PC afterwards. The world is so beautiful and just oozing with atmosphere and attention to detail. The story is simple, yet compelling and grounded. The soundtrack is fantastic. Of course, the star attraction is the Alien and the incredible AI being used... You actually feel as though you're working to outsmart a living creature, which feels fucking awesome to achieve when you do pull it off. Absolute masterpiece of a game, even with a few minor flaws in the mix... I can't believe it's been 10 years and we don't really have any other titles that tried to use sophisticated enemy AI like this.

By the way, your comments about the deleted scene making it "canon" that Amanda dies at home in her 80s... That's what corporate told her. But what if they were covering something up? ;-)

I'm not a huge survival horror fan, Alien Isolation though I loved as I've always loved Alien and Aliens, so then getting to play in something that captured the atmosphere of them was amazing. I'm not entirely convinced they could make a sequel, it'd be a huge challenge to create something with as good a story (ignoring the annoying slow walk bit on LV-426) and that captured the same atmosphere, without just remaking this one.

Not gonna lie, I liked Blackout and it was fun to see Amanda in a role reversal, now being the veteran advising people over comms as was done for her in Isolation and I appreciate them keeping the same voice actor.

Im glad i experienced this game, but i personally dont want to replay it because its a bit too long. I will admit it had me scared the entire run though

Shame there hasnt been a sequel. Its such a gem

Well I can’t have alien isolation but this quite place game seem like spiritual successor.

"Alien Isolation its the best sequel to the cult classic Alien Resurrection from PSX/PSOne" 💀💀

Yo what, the transition from the conversation with Taylor into “Alien: Isolation is one of my favorite games,” was incredibly jarring

Would be nice to have a sequel where you start powerless and later on get a way to kill aliens permanently. Then the game would introduce an invincible queen that would stalk you, culminating in a boss fight where you get to pilot a loader.

Ever noticed that in the film Alien, they talk about breaking out the weapons before leaving the ship, but these are forgotten and not used once they know about the Alien? Always jarrs me when I hear that line.

Awesome video, a remaster or sequel would be incredible, I still play A:I regularly, along with CP2077, the two best games ever made for me

I just played through it again. I felt the game was overlong when I first played it, but after playing it a few times & knowing what to do, I don't think it is that long. However, my opinion on the ending has always remained the same. It is BS. After this long stressful experience, we get this cliffhanger crap. It should have ended with Amanda getting back on the Torrens & into Hypersleep. That is how Alien & Aliens ended. I also dislike what happens to Ricardo. There is no real reasons why Facehuggers should be roaming all over the station. As we see in the first two films, the eggs hatch when a potential host comes near. Ricardo should have survived. It is also a bit of a shame that you don't see the other main characters (Waits, Samuels etc), very much. I would like the concept of Colonial Marines done properly. I enjoyed the game, & there ARE a lot of good things in it. It just needed to be developed by people that weren't criminals. I mean, the visual blueish hues, the environmental designs, the co-op squad based idea, playable movie characters, the motion trackers etc are all elements that can work perfectly, but needs a company that cares to pull it off. These days, everything is all focused on monetization & live service crap. What Randy Pitchford did with Colonial Marines is something the industry loves. He is considered a hero by the entire gaming industry for what he did. And yes, while I said I enjoyed the game, I do not support Gearbox or their criminal actions with embezzling Sega's funding, however, most gamers (especially Borderlands lovers), & everyone in the industry, did support that.

How about this concept for a sequel. You play the part of a marine set to pick Amanda up. Xenos have got on the ship. If you fire your pulse rifle you will breach the hull so you cannot easily kill the alien (although there may be times when you can fire at will). If you breach the hull you may not die immediately until the breach is so big all the atmosphere is gone. Could be a good add on to the way of playing. Having the marines tech but only being able to use it at certain times. A slightly more open world would also be cool. Great video btw.

Can't believe I put off this game until 2023. Got it on a PSN sale and it just took over my life for a couple months after work or late into the night. Hope we get a sequel.

I can't believe this video only has 2300 views, what?? I thought way more people would be in awe at the idea of another alien isolation style game, just pure survival horror with the creepiest creature ever conceptualized, the Alien. Thanks for the video, I already watched all the others that you also recommended haha By the way, it may sound funny, but this game gave me actual nightmares for years after I had played it... some of the most intense hyper-realistic and horrifying nightmares I've ever had (all with the Alien as the protagonist of my death). I even woke up with a panic attack and hyperventilating at times, could hardly breathe! No horror game or movie has ever had such an effect on me, I just completely immersed myself into that world while I was playing. Alien Isolation delivered the perfect horror in my opinion, just like the original movie intended to do.

Great video! Perhaps they could release all the game assets and let fans make their own game...?

For me, it takes roughly 3 days to get it done. Depends on how fast you move.😅

This is my second favorite game next to Last of Us. I read the conic sequels to this game. I lived how well they made the game's atmosphere match up to the mo vies.

Calling special/practical effects “graphics” around 2:29 when referring to a live action movie is a pet peeve of mine. Must be a generational thing cause the only ones I’ve seen doing it a twenty somethings. 🤷‍♂️

6:55 The tech not having changed in those few years makes even more sense when you think of how long it would take to even get to new tech, considering the distances and therefore time it would take to let´s say, upgrade a ship or deliver a new device. So in the Alien Universe, being 50 years or even hundred years behind the most advanced technology is really nothing unusual. The game nailed it. It´s just one of the best games of all time. That is also the explanation why prometheus and covenant looked more modern. Even tho I would prefer not talking about those two.

A love letter to the first movie!

i like the game but i can't play it because it gives me motion sickness, and the options menu to slow down the fast turning doesn't slow it down at all for me to be able to play it.

Lol I'm watching this video and like you I have this f**king game installed on every platform I own (or owned). Xbox 360, PS4, PS5, my MacBook Pro M2, and even the iPhone. And of course, I won every trophy on every different account! I truly need a sequel... 😂

my opinion is why did they make the androids hostile at all? it is my "bone to pick" my "gripe." but I agree with you; its figgin' AWESOME and deserves the awards it won, and it deserves a sequel

Limited Run games released a physical collectors edition for the Nintendo Switch and it is great.

I loved this game so much. I enjoyed the length of it and it didn't really feel like it dragged on to me. I love slow burn games, this one took me a week to finish

Still need to platinum this game. Its a great game for us fans!

Well, after showing some of the scenes for the alien isolation number two that I’ve seen online it does tend to make your mouth water. It’s somebody is coming up with some kind of design. Ripley left in space with that light shining on her definitely left me depressed most people that I’ve seen even playing on RU-vid at the end, all they could say was….WHATTT?? as I said it myself .. with engine five out now creators could have a field day as it look like someone did in the creation of that short scene of AI 2 That I watched, but if somebody does create something probably wouldn’t look forward to it till 2025 or 2026 if it’s truly like alien isolation to me, definitely worth the wait

The sequel should be all pulse-rifles and one-liners. And lost of blue light.

Isolation is in my top 10 favourite games of all time. Easily the best Alien game ever made (with AvP 2 coming in second) and in my opinion the greatest horror game ever made. I'm kind of glad there isn't a sequel though. Isolation is basically the perfect game for an Alien megafan like me. There's no way a second game can be that good. There's no way the publisher doesn't insist on more shooting and less stealth to appeal to a much wider audience.

I don't really see the problem with that prequel section playing as Marlow. It's very atmospheric and adds to the backstory in an interesting way. My main problem with the game is the chunk between jettisoning the Xenomorph into space and then finding the nest below Apollo. Where the only threats are the androids, it just kinda dull the experience down. I get why they did it, though.

FYI, the VR mod doesn't work for Windows 11 only Windows 10.

I'm a fan of Alien and Halo since the beginning of Halo and since I've started watching the Alien movies when I was young. Today? Well I'm not a professional writer but I'm obsessed by writing down stories about Alien and Halo. Mostly about Alien. Right now I have two potential plot for an Alien novel and a third one that I'm writing every time I have spare time, about a cross universe between Alien and Halo. Stuff like "Covenant attacks the USCM". About Alien Isolation... I think it's an excellent game. Absolutely one of the best around and definitely the best of the franchisebut if you ask me... they should have put you as a Colonial Marine stranded on Sevastopol. Short on ammo, surrounded by Xeno, terrific atmosphere, almost no way out. And the nightmare begins. 😎😱👌

There should be a game that follows Hoop in out of the shadows from when the miners discover the aliens until when the book ends

Good video

great review. this isn't just a great alien game it's also a great survival horror game. granted I'm usually a shooter or racer guy I do still enjoy survival horror. and love the alien franchise. although the last two movies did leave a lot to be desired.

It took me 5 years to finally finish the game that’s how terrified I was! 😂😂😂 I personally would love a PREQUEL game or even a movie actually- that show us everything that happened since Marlow’s and crew boarded Sevastopol with their little surprise. I think based on some of the tape player recordings we’ve heard in Isolation that would be terrifyingly good! A multiplayer game based on this!

Now that we have a promising new Alien movie, Romulus, we definitely should have a sequel, and probably will get it sooner than you think. It all depends on how Romulus does in the box office and it looks like it will do good (just watched the angry joe review for the trailer). In that case developers will want to make quick cash over it. I wonder if they could do something in RE2 style. With zombified chestburster humanoids which are easily dispatchable and one Xenomorph which is impossible to kill (analogue to mr X)

Sequel - -> Newt story!

I do think that Alien: Blackout served as a spiritual sequel to Alien: Isolation & its Dark Horse comic book sequels.

Yeah, where is the sequel? We could be opening so many freaking doors....

Has anyone figured out how to get the VR version of Isolation to play on PCs that have Windows 11?

I don't care what anyone says, this is one of the best horror games I've ever played. And one of my all time favourites. Up there with FEAR and Condemned: Criminal Origins.

Sad in retrospect fact about the picture of Amanda in Aliens, it's actually Sigourney Weaver's mother.

I love this game but I’m always afraid to play it so I never have gotten past the beginning lol. It might be time for another try!

It's the best Alien/horror game. the only game that I can't get enough of.

Jones the Cat was the true main villain of Alien tbh. He was working with the Alien and luring victims to him, which is why the Alien didn't kill him. The Alien also tried to release Jones later in the movie when he was trapped in the box.

Sega are scared of the Xeno

I just Played Alien Isolation for the first time and wish they'd develop a sequel. This game also solidified the original Alien as my favorite in the series.

One of the best games ever. I dont have the source anymore but clearly remember Sega flat out state that a sequel would never ever happen based on the earnings on the game. They simply didnt make ENOUGH money to warrant a sequel. Hence, why there has been zero development and never will be for as long as Sega has the game ip for Isolation.

Alien Isolation definitely, definitely, definitely, needs a sequel. It's one of my most favourite games of all time. I'm 50 yrs old, I was around for the launch of the SNES, PlayStation 1, etc and played all the classic horror/survival games like Resident Evil 1 and Doom that were cutting edge, emersive games at the time and really f*ckd with your emotions. Alien Isolation is the only modern-ish game that gave me that same sense of lonely, helpless, claustrophobic desperation, similar to RE and Doom. The sound design on AI, for me, is similar to the sound design on some of the levels on the N64 version of Doom. Aliens is one of my all-time favourite films too. The only thing that spoils it for me is when Ripley rescues Newt at the end. They planned to nuke the site from orbit anyway, so why piss the queen off by attempting to destroy the nest when ultimately the queen and all the nest would have been destroyed anyway. Obviously, it makes for a better film because that final battle is epic. But personally, I think they could have written it to make more sense, though. Good video 👍

The special edition of 'Aliens' ruins Newt's reveal in the middle of the film.

Weird that you got enjoyment from the alien killing the cat.

I really want a alien isolation 2 - only because it did not feel like it ended to me.. but that is a horror movie trope though. I think really reflecting upon Alien Isolation... I don't think there is enough to Amanda for a second game. I feel she has moved passed looking for her mom now. You could still make a game about it.. but maybe the focus of the game should rather be how and why Amanda decided to be silent on the Alien as a discovery. That being said. Weyland-Yutani buying Sevastopol and turning the AI against its citizen to save the specimen would be incentive enough to not talk about it... Idk. I also heard one of the early builds had co-op.. and a co-op alien isolation 2 sounds really cool to me. But the more I think about it... I'm not sure there is enough "meat" on Amanda for second game. We could play another survivor though were Amanda is the mentor.

Alien Isolation 2: Newt.

Very good video, except for the cat part😢

I'm curious what it would take for a sequel that consists mostly of a "DLC" with no engine changes and a large amt of asset reuses to make a profit.

I’m happy the alien can’t get you on a cutscene 😂🎉

They said the sales were low, or below their expectations, so thats why there was no sequel .

Absolutely ALIENS: RIVER OF PAIN. Styled like Isolation

I absolutely loved this game. According to ps5 records I’ve played it almost 1400 hours. This game is probably my second most loved game behind bloodborne. IGN was so full of chit for their review. This game was perfect. Maybe a skip button for chapter 9. One or 2 play throughs was enough. But it’s only 15 minutes of slogging through. Other than that, the game is perfect. I wish there was a part 2.

Avp 99, avp 2002, avp 2010, alien isolation were all scary. Acm had some parts that were scary being unarmed. Alien fire team mehh. Alien dark descent was scary and bad ass. That should of been an fps.