Anaphylaxis - Definition, Mechanism, Symptoms, Evaluation, Diagnosis, Treatment

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Anaphylaxis is an acute, life threatening, systemic allergic reaction that affects thousands of people resulting in more than 1,500 deaths each year. It is critically important to identify and treat it early and aggressively. The definitive treatment is intramuscular epinephrine with adjunct treatments that can include steroids, histamine blockers like diphenhydramine, bronchodilators like albuterol, vasopressors, fluids, and more.
Signs and symptoms include skin or mucosal involvement, like urticaria or hives, swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat. Respiratory involvement that can result in shortness of breath, wheezing, trouble breathing, stridor, hypoxia or low oxygen levels. Cardiovascular involvement that can result in hypotension or low blood pressure, passing out or syncope, and more. Gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal pain and vomiting.
It is considered a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction that is IgE mediated and involves primarily mast cells. These mast cells are activated after re-exposure to an allergic antigen and degranulate, secreting multiple inflammatory mediators like histamine, tryptase, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins. We explain this mechanism clearly.
We cover the specific diagnostic criteria and discuss management, including airway, breathing, circulation followed by epinephrine and adjunctive therapies like steroids, histamine blockers, bronchodilators, fluids, and more.
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DISCLAIMER THIS VIDEO DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.
Sources used:
WHO
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy
www.allergy.org.au/hp/papers/...
Stat Pearls
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...
#anaphylaxis #allergy #epipen #medicaleducation

Опубликовано:

21 июл 2024

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Комментарии : 17

@WhiteboardMedicine Год назад

Thanks for checking out the video! @WhiteBoardDoct1 www.patreon.com/WBDR www.buymeacoffee.com/WBDR www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=UQN2JGSYSQJEG RU-vid Members  Join On HomePage!

@stayclassybda Год назад

Extremely informative, thank you. I have experienced anaphylaxis due to NSAIDs and it's very scary. Everyone should be aware of the symptoms.

@WhiteboardMedicine Год назад

We appreciate the kind words and thanks for checking out the video!

@flagmichael Год назад

Glad to see this! The public at large needs to know this because anaphylaxis is terrifying stuff. Our very allergic grandchild has had enough run-ins with food allergies (dairy, egg, tree nut, peanut, coconut) to make us veterans of this particular battle. Two things I would emphasize for us lay people: 1) when administering an epi-pen to yourself or helping a struggling family member with a prescribed epi-pen, always call 911 at the same time! His always wore off around the 20 minute mark, and the return of symptoms was very sudden. 2) If an epi-pen has been prescribed, _always_ have it with you and know where it is. The urgency can be as great as for a small child who has fallen in a swimming pool.

@WhiteboardMedicine Год назад

Fantastic points! Thanks for sharing!

@eliseville Год назад

After severe D deficiency of 6ng/ml raised to 54ng/ml I caught Delta just before vax availability. I had only half a day of mild sore throat, but at day 10 had 1st of 4 episodes of anaphylaxis! Urticaria showed up a couple days later, but I had no known allergies, just my dysregulated immune system.

@flagmichael Год назад

I remember that from the first couple of years. It was as though patients had rolled a die to see how many times they would have to spin the wheel of misfortune to pick their symptoms. It was one of the things that made it so scary; the disease could be mild, moderately severe, or catastrophic. The "wild" strain was indeed wild.

@eliseville Год назад

@@flagmichael Tragically, we have our system's (PHARMA + BigAg/MIC) decision to keep us all almost 90%!) D-deficient/insufficient and at constant high risk of any kind of infectious or chronic metabolic (including cvd & cancer!) or autoimmune illness/condition. Other parts of our Sun's spectrum (infrared, etc.) also are critical to the great health humanity had throughout our evolutionary African Tropical year-round UVB that Traditional Maasai still take full advantage of today. Even the original LABORATORY (never wild!) Covid strain had no power to seriously sicken us if your D level was above 50ng/ml or 125nmol/L! Tragically few of us maintain, even with cheap & safe supplements, what our Maasai friends maintain naturally.

@paulelkins425 Год назад

Very interesting video for both the anaphylaxis topic but also the broader implications of the involved immune functions. I'll just assume the Non-WHO definition is more accurate based on the WHO's abysmal record with Covid guidance. :/ I'm curious on the sequence of events for triggering the mast cell. Does the IgE variable region bind to the antigen, secrete cytokines/chemokines, and cause the Mast Cell to then bind to the constant region (Fc mediated effector functions)? Alternatively, does the IgE antibody embed in the Mast Cell's membrane prior to the variable region binding to the antigen? You mentioned mast cells were primarily involved with basophils being less commonly involved. How about their cousins eosinophils? Do they join the party too? Would Mast Cell Stabilizers yield higher efficacy as an adjunct than antihistamines to reduce the release of histamine and other cytokines? Can trained innate immunity via vaccinations (BCG, Flu, etc) be a strategy to reduce the risk of future anaphylaxis episodes?

@tyronewheeler5514 Год назад

Great lecture!

@WhiteboardMedicine Год назад

Thank you very much!

@sheryl3268 Год назад

Count me in for presentation of the 4 types of hypersensitivity, especially types 2 and 4! I am interested in allergic, immune responses, and autoimmunity. One question you (or someone else here) may be able to answer is: what is measured in an immunoglobulin blood test that measures IgG, IgA, and IgM but doesn't specify what antigen (or perceived antigen) the antibodies are being produced against--is it any and all IgG, IgA, IgM antibodies against anything, or something more specific?

@janeolinger8038 Год назад

If possible, I would be very interested in your presenting more on Mast Cells, especially in MCAS.

@WhiteboardMedicine Год назад

We will add it to the list Jane! Always great to hear from you

@fill-osophyfriday5919 Год назад

Aww have watched your videos for such a long time and love them💕 I have a couple of quite specific questions that I just can’t find an answer too; 1) I’m anaphylactic to Soy but I can eat some kinds. My theory is that it’s to do with the protein which it sounds like in your video. I can eat soya lecithin, soy flour and soy oil without reaction but soy milk, tofu, hydrogenated soy protein and soy beans all send me anaphylactic … whyyyyyyyy 😅 2) Is it always just protein that trigger a reaction? Thank you so much xxx