Are We All Actually Archaea? 

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If pigeons get to be dinosaurs, then I want to be Asgardian.

Maybe the real Archaea were the lifeforms we found along the way

Sidenote: Lokis castle is such an awesome name for a field of underwater hydrothermal vents.

The idea that us eucaryotes are the crossing of the bacteria and archaea branches feels... right somehow. The branches weaving together to make something else greater than either branch would create alone.

It's kinda cool to think that we are all complex Archea colonies.

Asgardarchaea also contains Wukongarchaea. The other members are mostly named after Norse gods. Sun Wukong must have gotten around.

If the endosymbiont theory is correct, then Eukarya would be formed by fusion of two branches of Bacteria and Archea, rather than coming from just one of them

So you mean to say Eukaryotes may be the result of an Archean getting freaky with a Bacterium? *Loki approves of this*

Man I love how science progresses. When I was in HS there was no domain just Kingdoms. Who knows what will change in the future. Really interesting for us science fans.

Lovecraftian plot twist: we are Old Ones

So does that mean we're Archaeaologists? If eukaryotes are a fusion between archaeans and bacteria, then technically we're both. It's the dreaded C++ diamond inheritance problem.

"They're called the Asgard Archaea because they're all named after Norse gods" *me, looking at Wukongarchaeota quizzically*

2:33 "Most folks only think about microbes when they're doing something to or for them - like, causing disease or making beer." ... or doing both, e.g. Auto-Brewery Syndrome.

I had no idea that archaea had only been part of the tree of life since 1990; that was so recent when I was in school.

Wouldn’t we be part of both domains if our mitochondrial DNA is from an ancient bacterium?

I showed my friend your episode about giant viruses and they would like me to ask: if they did evolve from single celled organism, where in the tree of life would they fit?

I like PBS Eons because the hosts never look like they are reading lines. Looks like they really know this stuff and like talking about it.

Aaaw yes, always ready to learn something new with these vids, they way you awesome people present and deliver information is awesome! Great stuff :3

I was interested in the genes that were previously only thought to exist in eukarya. That sounds awesome.

I thought this was a video from Journey to the Microcosmos when I saw it. Just coincidence that you put out a video about microbes right when I have just realized how amazing of a world it is. Microbes are definitely under appreciated, it's crazy how few views that channel gets for how amazing the subject matter is. There's so much microbe diversity it's mind-blowing, you can discover things completely new to science just as an amateur because there's so many and they are everywhere, and yes, they seem to have been neglected compared to some other scientific fields unfortunately. Very interesting video! Ope, just saw the recommendation for that channel at the end, that's great, more exposure for a wonderful channel.

It would still be appropriate to have three domains especially if the theory that eukaryotes are the result of a obligate symbiosis between archaea and prokaryotes. At that point they would not really belong to one domain or the other but instead are the result of a chimaerization, meaning they don’t belong to one or the other, organelles wouldn’t be possible without prokaryotes and the living cell would not be possible without the archaea. Instead the bifurcation should look like a joining of the two branches.

Now this is premium content I absolutely love to see the recontextualization of our world that comes with cladistics and placing eukaryotes (almost certainly) within archaea is such a great example of this. And why shouldn't we understand ourselves as descended from archaea? It's simply true!

Excellent, as usual ! Will make sure to use this video in my biology courses . Keep up the AMAZING work !!

love you guys and your videos. thank you for your hard work and creative minds!

Perhaps we should classify bacteria and archea the same way the Mer from “The Elder Scrolls” universe classify their deities, Aedra(Our Ancestors) and Daedra (Not Our Ancestors)

Another great show, always a fun and interesting experience.

I love eons, i love the presenters they’re so real so easy to watch and listen to, i’m hooked and learning.

Wait a second I just realized the Tree of Life has been redrawn since last I checked, amazing! Bacteria & Archaea are now their own domains entirely

Wow this was a very cool and educational video. I never knew any of this information previously, and found it fascinating. I was having difficulty remembering the name of what our domain was coined as, Eukaryotes until I realized it could be remembered mnemonically as 'You carry oats.' Thank you for this informative and easily digested video for laymen like myself.

I found this channel all thanks to journey to the microcosmos 😃😃 And trust me, both of the channels are absolutely mesmorising and informativly interseting 😁 I'd just like to give a big thank you for sharing the infomation and developing my interest in this subject 😄💚

I always knew I was IKEA

Excellent content, please keep this up!

This show has taught me so much

I was just wondering if those circles, or domains, could be looked at more as Venn Diagrams? The overlap would be from the genetic transfer of information that comes from symbiosis, or in some cases, infection and parasitism. That would probably affront our sense of placing everything in distinct categories but it would acknowledge that there is an ecology of interrelationships that ultimately affect genetic outcomes.

What I love about the electron microscope images chosen by this video for Asgard archaea (imachi et al) is that this was also the first time when researchers observed a bacterium to be living in syntrophy with an archaeon, lending another possible step to how endosymbiosis/eukaryogenesis may have happened.

This was so cool! Evolution of the immune system at some point?

Awesome channel with awesome content and great quality as always say 🌍

Yes! Finally new episode! ❤️❤️❤️

As a Norwegian, it was fun to see that they used names of our Norse Gods, that really made me smile

i love the lone sun wukong in the mess of asgardians

Lmao Kallie with the scale bar at the beginning, you really are so damn excited about that thing xD. I kept laughing about it every time you brought it up on the stream while I was cooking dinner, thinking of all the times I've used various common objects as scale bars because I didn't have a ruler or something to put in the photo instead. Those who can afford the donation will greatly benefit from this if they take a lot of photos that need scales in them :)

Like Thor said, Archea isn't a place, it's a people

Maybe it’s my age but this title means Stargate SG1 rather than MCU to me 😁 On a more serious note, thank you for sharing this fascinating summary.

Hello my fellow archaea how are you all doing.

3:30 -- This was the first question that formed in my head while watching ("If bacteria make us sick and archaea don't, maybe that's because we're further away from bacteria"), and you answered it before I even asked. 🙂 Kind of like how we're very far away from fungi, and they seem to either want to kill us or make us trip balls.

Thank you for this new update!

I love your Videos! Thank you for enlightining us!

They named one of those Archaeota after Sun Wukong, but it still gets lumped in with Asgard.

Would study of this make someone an Archea-ologist?

We were recently talking about these archaea in one of my microbiology courses, it’s very cool to see that we might be getting closer to finding our last common ancestor with the archaea! In my classes, it’s taught that it was most likely an archaea that underwent endosymbiosis, though eukaryotic cell biology is different enough that I doubt we’ll be shifting to a two-domain system anytime soon.

mindblowing 😎👍 I look forward to whatever more is discovered about Archaea and if Eukaryotes are actually a branch within Archaea.

6:56 Wukongarcheota says hi

You guys are amazing

As a working biologist I don’t have time to do the readings I’d like to to keep up to date. But I’ll definitely be making time to read up on the Archea. Love your work. Thank you.

That’s so cool! This video blew my mind

I am archaea

Hmm. Most scientists regard the "three domain hypothesis" as oversimplistic. Alpha-proteobacteria, which gave rise to mitochondria, also contributed genes to our nuclear genome. In eukaryotes, when you look at all prokaryotic-derived genes, anout 60% are eubacterial in origin (most of our metabolism) and only 40% are archaeal-derived. So to say that we are archaeal, overlooks the fact that we have more genes from eubacteria. Most scientists now think of eukaryotes as true fusions between the two. And yes, PART of our lineage is from the asgard.

So interesting and exciting, We have so much to learn!

For all the reasons and more I love PBS

It actually makes sense. The species wouldn't all diverge at the same time, if they did in fact all come from a common ancestor. So, either two groups happened independently, or after the first split, there was a period before another branch sprouted.

Seems like Sun Wukong, the fabulous Monke King, is the odd archaeota out, being decidedly non-Asgardian. What if we all came from him?

Thank you.....that was fascinating.

Always amazing. Thank you,.

Great episode! If anyone would like to take a deeper dive into how eukaryotes may have evolved from an archaea having a bacterial endosymbiont, I highly recommend the book,"The Vital Question", by the biochemist, Dr. Nick Lane> :)

This video is also called “How to tell when Millennial nerds took over naming scientific discoveries: look for possible comic book or meme references” 😂 love it!

great stuff! thanks!

Thanks for the Shows

The book- The Suprising Archaea, by John Howland, talked about this 40 years ago

I know it’s not the same thing, but it reminds me of the symbiotic relationship we have with our gut bacteria

Really interesting video thankyou

That was so mind blowing!!!!!!!

So... We could have all come from Asgard?

I am terrible at remembering the host's names! Regardless, the bit of warmup put at the end was so fun! And as always the science was fascinating 💖

That is both awesome and giggle worthy because of the naming... but can we also just stop and appreciate that ONE of those "Asgardians" is named Wukong!!

This is SO FASCINATING!

Danke!

We can't all be archea John Green said we're all fish...

excellent work

Excellent spokesmodelling

This made my heart jump to see… I study Archaea!!!!!!!!!

And to think that just a few years ago my school was teaching me the terribly outdated 5 kingdoms classification

Such a fascinating segment! I must say, it just sounds cool to say I'm Asgardian. 💜🌎✌️😎🍀

Part of why the Asgard archaeota are such a cool and promising new field of research is how they relate to how endosymbiosis works. Eukaryotes could gain endosymbiotic organelles (like mitochondria) because they have, and whatever their ancestors were also must have had, the ability to engulf things. For this, you need a dynamic cytoskeleton - a kind of internal scaffolding that can be built and rebuilt quickly to change the cell's shape, form membrane-bound compartments, and move things around inside the cell. Bacteria don't have this kind of machinery, so they can't eat anything - just suck up molecules through their cell membranes. But, as the video touched on, the Asgard archaeota have some genes previously only known in eukaryotes, and these very notably include some of the genetic machinery needed to build a dynamic cytoskeleton. This strongly indicates that there exist or have existed Asgard relatives that *could* swallow stuff, and that this led to the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotes.

Metallic Archaea? That's the only kind I know, didn't know archaea were real.

As a complex collection of molecules arranged in patterns that form multiple cells, I have always wondered how it feels to be a single celled collection of molecules arranged in patterns, like when you bump into somebody else, is it like NO YOU ARE SO DIFFERENT or is it like HEY WHOA ARE WE FORMING ANOTHER BRANCH OF LIFE OR ARE YOU JUST HAPPY TO SEE ME

I got my scale bar and I love it! Thanks!

more bout this please !

My favorite part was when the archae bateria said "It's archean' time"

Makes me wonder... maybe its possible to (somehow) trigger endosymbiosis in a lab, turning outside bacterium to an organelle

Fascinating video! I love the idea of being an Asgardian 😊

Thank you for qualifying the "if you're from planet earth" bit, fellow humans.

Can you cover the evolution of brains?

Could you please do more episodes on human ancestry? Like about the earliest known human ancestor. If we have found it... :P Edit: I mean from before hominins, hopefully I wrote the correct word. And way beyond that as much as possible, please!!

NGL, I am (was, by the time ya'all read this) browsing YT late at night, and am tired.... I read the title as 'Are we all actually Asgardians', from PBS Eons... and was SUPER intrigued based on THAT. Still watched the vid once I realized my mistake, still loved it...

"this archaea species group are related, let's name them with norse gods theme" "uh, wukong archaea might also be in this group" Welcome to Valhalla, Sun Wukong!

you carry oats; i carry oats; we all carry oats!

PBS eons instantly makes my day

When I got my tree of life cladogram tattoo, I knew I'd anticipate with excitement and dread the day that it becomes inaccurate. There was a kerfuffle a while ago about porifera/ctenophora positions, but that's small potatoes compared to this!

I love this presentation. I'm not a biologist, I'm an inventor. But around a year ago I watched a video "The whispering Mitochondria" In which evidence had been found for inter-mitochondrial communications. The implications are still filtering through to me but my initial intuitions on watching the video were that for us to co-evolve with a Mitochondria symbiont that can communicate, and with it present in every live human cell, it's a no-brainer that out human DNA brain cells and nervous system cells are most likely in communications with our mitochondria and that instantly solved a nagging question I'd had about how the information dense data representing instincts might pass the bottle neck of conception without requiring the overhead of DNA encoding. i.e. The mitochondria carry that information. It also poses a potential location for deep memories that are recalled only after a sleep for example. And more recently, I've been consolidating my Mitochondrial theory to consider the idea that our Mitochondria implement an organic operating system that locks into the hardware comprised of their and our DNA. We also have to be very aware that like fungi, animals(including humans) are not represented by their superstructure's DNA alone. When we are conceived, we are the prospects for survival and growth of a colony numbering in the billions of Mitochondria. As a male may be considered a sperm delivery mechanism and a female a baby factory, together we are also a host mechanism for the care and propagation of a symbiont we have co-evolved with. It cannot be overstated how important this is. From our humanocentric egotistical vied of self, of id, we have ignored our components. There are a few other things I've encountered which my intuition tells me are potential confirmation links. I'm not spiritual, but there will be a flurry of investigations if my Mitochondrial theory is proven, for example an info tech acquaintance of mine, when I mentioned my theory, he said it would explain foreign memories gained by organ recipients. Without a mechanism for cellular memory organization and recall extraneous to brain and nervous system this is a whacko theory but with? it could bear investigation. Ancient privative practices of cutting the hand and sealing brotherhood in a handshake gain new context. I love how for my whole life I have been immersed in a sea of human discovery. Luka Turin's theory of scent is another favorite of mine.