Miss BioRach you are so incredible... cannot emphasise how lucky I feel to have found your channel because you explain things so well! I never thought I would be able to understand A level biology, but you explain it so well, better than any textbook or teacher! As a Year 13 student I seriously want to say thank you!
May God bless you abundantly wherever you go and May your relationship with God be strengthened! You are an Amazing Teacher, You explain concepts in such a detailed way yet so concise I pray you become more recognised THANK YOU!
Minor point: You're correct in that Th cells do divide by mitosis (clonal selection), however they differentiate into Th1, Th2 (Tmemory), Treg, Tfh and Th17 cells, not Tc cells. Cytotoxic T cells are formed in the thymus and exist as a seperate class of T cell, they are not "created" by the clonal selection and differentiation of Th cells - the Th cell is activated to differentiate into the effector Th cells mentioned above. Apologies if the spec says otherwise and feel free to ignore me if this is the case, but it is an oversimplification. There is also recent evidence of neutrophils gaining APC ability in certain circumstances which is really interesting.
I'm sure you're right, tho sounds like they're of a degree-level understanding! You're right that it's oversimplification, though I am following the spec and try to make sure my viewers are able to get a good understanding of the content that they need to know for exams. Thanks for sharing though :)
@@kalumthomson5638 thank this an important comment for us, students, as well, to let us know that there is more to this. Thanks for your informativity.
Check out Oxford Revise! They have lots of retrieval questions :D and retrieval is key to success...! ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-AbmxcxqYqyQ.html You can also get more in this Excel sheet: docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1pyEacyxFBZAJGPztZBAw5SSmUG8ZYQ0Q/edit?usp=drivesdk&ouid=102546770558231031044&rtpof=true&sd=true
if you love science you should purchase and read the Horrible science books as they contain a surprising quantity of advanced information explained briefly and in a entertaining way. In addition you could watch episodes of the Magic School Bus for the same reason. Also Sci Show on RU-vid is a brilliant way to gain some scientific knowledge in a brilliantly explained way. I hope this helps
Thank you soo much this really helped! I have a question. When the interleukins trigger the Th cells to increase in number to produce other types of T cells (such as t-killer, t-memory and t-regulatory) do they undergo clonal selection and expansion as well?
Great video !! just a little question.. are T regulatory cells and T helper cells the same or different ? I do AQA A level biology so Im not really familiar with the regulatory term in immunity 😅
The two cells are different. T helper cells help signal other cells to increase the immune response. T regulatory cells decrease the response - it basically kills the other immune cells except for memory cells, once the pathogens are killed at the end of an immune response. Having said that, I think you don't need to know about regulatory cells for AQA - double check the specification to be sure! Thanks for watching! :)
Macrophages have a round nucleus. They stay in the bloodstream. Neutrophils are the ones with a multi-lobed nucleus, which allow them to leave the bloodstream to infected areas for phagocytosis. You can watch my video on phagocytosis for more details! :)
