In early February 2022, members of the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) launched a coordinated attack against several military bases near Quetta, the provincial capital of the Pakistan's largest province. By all accounts this marks a dramatic escalation of an insurgency that has its roots in events that occurred over 70 years ago. And yet, despite its long history, the independence movement in Balochistan is still relatively little known internationally. This is all the more surprising given that it is having an increasingly serious effects on Pakistan’s regional relations, especially its ties to neighbouring China.
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In 1947, British India was partitioned, becoming India and Pakistan. While this saw many of the princely states incorporated into the new countries, several opted for independence. This included the Khanate of Kalat, the largest of the states in the region of Balochistan (also known as Baluchistan), which birders Afghanistan and Iran. However, within a year, it had been absorbed by Pakistan, much the the opposition of many ethnic Balochs, who regarded the decision as illegitimate. Since then, there have been at least five major uprisings against Pakistani rule, the most recent of which began in 2005. This latest insurgency, which has led to extensive human rights abuses, has been driven by the fact that while the sparsely-populated Balochistan is resource rich, it has long been the poorest and least developed region of Pakistan. But what makes the current campaign stand out is the wider effects it is having. The activities of the Baluchistan Liberation Army - as well as other insurgent groups - is also disrupting China’s efforts to develop infrastructure ties with Pakistan as part of its flagship Belt and Road Initiative. Following on from this, the recent attacks could also put a strain on Pakistan already difficult ties with India and, more unexpectedly, Afghanistan.
Chapters
0:00 Introduction and Titles
0:36 The International Effects of Independence Insurgencies
1:09 Pakistan and Balochistan: Geography and Demographics
2:28 A Brief History of Balochistan
4:13 Balochistan’s Uprisings Against Pakistani Rule
4:48 The Origins and Evolution of Current Balochistan Uprising
6:02 Escalating Violence in Balochistan
7:43 Balochistan, Pakistan and China
9:26 Balochistan and Relations with India and Afghanistan
10:49 The Uprising in Balochistan
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FURTHER READING & USEFUL SOURCES
Balochistan Government balochistan.gov.pk
CPEC Authority cpec.gov.pk
The Accession of Kalat: Myth and Reality www.jstor.org/stable/45242356
Pakistan: A Hard Country amzn.to/3uWlQdX
Pakistan: A Very Short Introduction amzn.to/3v0Dqh1
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KEYWORDS
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5 июл 2024