Basal Ganglia Mnemonics (Memorable Neurology Lecture 4)

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ERRATA: Two errors in the video to be aware of!
1. 5:27 The circles are swapped for the putamen and caudate. (Thanks Tema MS!)
2. 6:18 The subthalamic nucleus produces an INHIBITORY signal to the inhibitory internal globus pallidus, to ultimately produce EXCITATION of movement (Thanks Aditya Anurag!)
Buy "Memorable Neurology," "Memorable Psychiatry," and "Memorable Psychopharmacology" on Amazon! memorablepsych....
Use mnemonics to learn about the basal ganglia, or the parts of your brain that help keep movements smooth and fluid.
Intended for all healthcare providers, including doctors, medical students, psychologists, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, social workers, and more!
ERRATA: Please note that the circles around the caudate and putamen around 5:25 in the video are reversed. The text and lines are correct however. Apologies about the error, and thanks to Taylor Finch for picking this up!
ATTRIBUTIONS
Music from filmmusic.io:
"Beauty Flow" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
License: CC BY
BasalGanglia Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. commons.wikime... Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.
Casper Zoethout "Me (just told myself to be quiet)" www.flickr.com... Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0)
Mikael Häggström and Andrew Gillies The basal ganglia. commons.wikime... Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
Mikael Häggström, based on images by Andrew Gillies/User:Anaru and Patrick J. Lynch Basal ganglia circuits commons.wikime... Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
Colder B (2015) The basal ganglia select the expected sensory input used for predictive coding. Front. Comput. Neurosci. 9:119. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2015.00119 Cortical surface with an overlay of the basal ganglia and thalamus commons.wikime... Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
OpenStax Basal Nuclei Connections commons.wikime... Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
OpenStax Frontal Section Basal Nuclei commons.wikime... Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
Images are generated by Life Science Databases(LSDB). Globus pallidus commons.wikime... Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 Japan license.
Hartmann CJ, Chaturvedi A and Lujan JL (2015) Quantitative analysis of axonal fiber activation evoked by deep brain stimulation via activation density heat maps. Front. Neurosci. 9:28. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00028 DBS simulation of subthalamic nucleus commons.wikime... Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
FrozenMan Substantia nigra commons.wikime... Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.
darkday Hinge Decay www.flickr.com... Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)
Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. Parkinson's Disease. commons.wikime... Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

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11 сен 2024

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Комментарии : 44

@adityaanurag4272 3 года назад

6:18 ???? But both secrete inhibitory signal. And GPi ultimately excites the motor signal.

@MemorablePsych 3 года назад

You are absolutely correct! I have removed this part of the video, and the correction will make its way into the second edition of the book (currently in progress!). Thank you so much

@jahidhossainwakil1682 2 года назад

Basal ganglia--voluntary motor movements Diminish/Increase the movements

@Book_Bird 5 лет назад

Great video on a tough topic. I think all med students get traumatized a bit during the basal ganglia lectures in Neuro, and we'd all have benefited from this long ago. It's hard to balance over-generalization and overwhelming with detail, and I think you hit a nice balance. Note: Audio was great on this one

@MemorablePsych 5 лет назад

Awesome, thanks for the feedback! Glad you feel that the level of information was appropriate - it's definitely tough to strike that balance

@Book_Bird 5 лет назад

@@MemorablePsych Oh, hey, I came back to this video today and realized there may be a minor error in the structures highlighted around 5:24 -- Caudate vs Putamen. I think the figure is correct, but the yellow vs blue circles are swapped.

@MemorablePsych 5 лет назад

@@Book_Bird Hi Taylor, you're absolutely right - my mistake! I'll make a comment in the description for the video. Good catch.

@ruby-pm8zw 4 года назад

I am half through the video and I must say, thank you. Excellent explanation.

@tubaafxal6102 3 года назад

this is the best ever video i have watched about basal ganglia and its functions. thank you so much!!

@Felix-is3sk 11 месяцев назад

Great video and a perfect level of detail to get a good picture of the function without getting too lost in specifics! Thanks

@ZestyCroissant 5 лет назад

This is amazing work.. I love your videos, they help so much and I wish I had this one earlier! Will recommend to my first year friends for sure! I can't believe I have never heard about thinking about it like math.... I would always spend so long trying to figure out the result of a chain of excitatory and inhibitory pathways haha

@Chrysolite-kn3mz 2 года назад

Thank you Sir for the mnemonics, very helpful.

@sujithatamilselvam5814 4 месяца назад

Great explanation. Complex concept made simple. I am amazed by your teaching skills. ✌️

@tagoyakii Год назад

This is absolutely useful and easy to understand. Thank you!

@user-hp9wk4jj7m Год назад

This video is so simple to follow. Thank you so much.❤

@mandyyuen2467 4 года назад

Love your clear explanations! I am just confused about the caudate nucleus and putamen part. Seems to me the labelling is mixed up. Still, thank you for making such a great content and saving us from neurology block!!

@callingdrjones6976 3 года назад

noticed this as well

@ajinkyadon420 3 года назад

Great work Sir! Thank you.

@myprettygirl91 4 года назад

thank you so much! amazing video my dude!

@aseelrezeq6737 8 месяцев назад

Excellent explanation

@sofiagarcia2882 4 года назад

Love the video! I just have one question. When talking about the direct/indirect pathways you said internal globus pallidus was involved in increasing excitatory thalamic input to cortex. But then you said to remember it by internal = inhibitory, and external = excitatory. I'm confused!

@DustinKunz 3 года назад

At 3:14 you notice that the Internal GP is involved in BOTH pathways. The External is ONLY involved in the INdirect, inhibitory. But this is where his rules of multiplying negative integers come in, and you get the reversals (4:50?) Here's why: if you give an Excitatory transmitter to an inhibiting center, you HELP it to inhibit, right? If you give an Inhibitory transmitter to exciting center, you prevent it from exciting the system, which is the same as inhibiting it. so the STN is the key, since it Excites the Inhibitor (GPe), causing an ultimately inhibitory response (down-regulating the petting). (6:36) One way to think about it is to correlate it to something you already know, like parasympathetics vs sympathetics. The competitive synergism works similarly. Or think about a car: I can put my foot on the brakes, exciting the inhibitors, or on the brakes, exciting the excitors. And finally, here's a crude way to put it: you're bringing two friends to a Thalamus frat party, and they're twins. Debbie Downer and Coked-Out Carol. Carol is bringing her drug dealer boyfriend, STeveN. No mater what, Debbie can only bring things down. You can either Directly give Debbie a Xanax so she'll go to sleep and the party can rage on, OR you can wink at Carol to tell STeveN to give Debbie some cocaine, so she'll bring the whole party down with her boundless negative energy, which is an indirect process, and the party will most certainly not rage.