The basal ganglia - The direct pathway | Nervous system diseases | NCLEX-RN | Khan Academy

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27 сен 2024

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Комментарии : 143

@BibekTimilsina007 9 лет назад

10 mins gone in a blink, so good and simple; thank you!!!!!

@lbpmrb 6 лет назад

took my professor 90 mins to explain this, and i was still confused came here watched once it now it all makes sense Eureka forrrealll

@khamikos1 6 лет назад

the best presentation i have ever seen concerning the basal ganglia. congratulations and thanks. YOU ARE THE BEST

@seoyooncha1512 3 года назад

My mom just had an ischemic stroke three weeks ago which led me to watch this video. The doctor is prescribing my mom dopamine, and I wanted to see how it works. Im an accounting major and has absolutely no background about this subject, but this makes so much sense. Thank you for a simple and clear explanation!

@quianawatson8159 Год назад

I have damage here. Anyone have any treatments or medications that has helped this situation?

@NS-lt9cf 7 лет назад

I’m wondering how all khanacademy members have flawless handwriting!!

@Iceshocker 2 года назад

🤣🤣🤣

@Mayank-rl5qn Год назад

Hiring critera

@anitas8833 5 лет назад

She speaks so eloquently. Wish my prof speaks like her. Very clear, not too fast, not too slow. Love it!

@nystagmus 5 лет назад

We can memorize this all day But Who are geniuses who figured this pathway out?

@nghiapham1756 4 года назад

hard work and ten of thousands of experiments.

@mandyads 5 лет назад

4:29 for pathway (for those who just need the visual/audio)

@tizjoanne 9 лет назад

Learned this in neuroanatomy this week so great timing to revise :-)

@kongnyuyfrida9831 4 года назад

This is Just amazing thank you 🤗

@ToewaiAung-ue8po 4 месяца назад

Crystal clear concept for me.Thanks.

@cre8ived0c 4 года назад

Unbelievably simple and crisp.. God bless you people..

@lmto9496 2 года назад

2 hours lecture down to 10 mins. thank you

@abdulrahmanalashkar5059 3 года назад

Honestly bless your soul

@joharimasika5730 Год назад

Very nice, clear and well understood

@janakotherova5904 3 года назад

Because I always forget this, I come here every year before my exams and THANK YOU SO MUCH for this video.

@mahnoorkhan5863 4 года назад

Explained everything.. Made very very easy.. Thank you

@lwazim8754 4 года назад

this is absolutely brilliant. How i wish my lectures were this good at explaining and simplifying

@王海-w6x 4 года назад

incredible that we know so much about how ourselves work

@Chimzurum_ 2 года назад

Very neat lecture. I enjoyed this

@vajeehasajid9823 4 года назад

This was amazing. I finally understand😭😭 Came here after watching a quick two min video on the topic which completely shattered my concepts. But this was❣️🙌🏽

@fns6990 4 года назад

You guys are the best!! Makes it so much easier!!!

@erwinabbeloos7018 4 года назад

You're a lifesaver! Many thanks!

@glodiekaparayi68 3 года назад

so nice and understandable

@najiyapm84 4 года назад

Very comprehensible !!!

@leenaghaeb4747 3 года назад

YOU. ARE. AMAZING........

@songheartzou7423 Год назад

英语听着舒服，讲得也清楚

@Jacop-b5g 4 года назад

agreat video , many thanks

@MelissaJewell-n2v Год назад

Brilliant explanation! Wish I had found this weeks ago! :)

@nithinr3617 5 лет назад

Thank you for making this complex mechanism easy

@تقيالجراح 3 года назад

Nice. Thank you.

@viviancici3936 2 года назад

one of the best video!!! Thank you for making the awesome one💖💖❣

@SasiKumar-dc5lp 4 года назад

You nailed it

@joshf1rstwizard 5 лет назад

short but clear. thanks!

@juanherrera7282 4 года назад

You are the best

@thatprettydoctor 4 года назад

Love it.! Soo perfectly explained.! 👌🏻

@asmaamohamed8384 3 года назад

thanks alot.

@kasraakbari229 5 лет назад

Thank you very much, it was great

@ak27170 6 лет назад

thankss ! soo helpful

@vivianyin4285 5 лет назад

Excellent! I learned a lot in just 10 mins

@engyeymesh2450 4 года назад

Thank you !! Amazing work💗

@jeffwillis3590 5 лет назад

Superb explanation!

@vaishnavikarpe8251 6 лет назад

Wow you made it so simple to understand!! Thank-you!!😊

@christopheidherr523 9 лет назад

very well and evenly understandable explained. thank you! :)

@katymostefaoui3567 5 лет назад

I love you, thank you!!!!

@BALWANTPATLE 4 года назад

Make video on endocanabinoid system

@أوسكارأجدعفيلم-ي5ج 5 лет назад

you made it easy, thank you

@johnny4799 3 дня назад

I wonder if Tourette’s stems from dysfunction in the globus paliidus or if their is some over sensitivity/over drive in the striatum. I wonder where the community is leaning…very good video

@Hudamk99 4 года назад

So nice 🥰👌🏻😍

@doctormsigwa8578 5 лет назад

Thank you!

@CallMeWarg Год назад

Why is it so that the motor cortex cant communicate directly with the muscles? What is the purpose of requiring conformation from the thalamus in order to move?

@trulylogical3476 6 лет назад

thank you very much

@RomajaneAbrenio 5 лет назад

Thank you 😊

@RocksTimmy 8 лет назад

Awesome video!

@mrnomnom1729 5 лет назад

Awesome.

@khalidalshammari6778 7 лет назад

great explanation

@haziqzulkifili4708 5 лет назад

So how do you explain tremors(which I presume is an increase in involuntary movement), in loss of Dopamine in Substantial nigra?

@ABC-fv7ow 7 месяцев назад

Good

@LLL3x 8 лет назад

Great video

@gokulreddy7640 6 лет назад

Amazing ....I got the concept😍

@rolex4602 2 года назад

Made easy

@vineshmanohar9978 6 лет назад

Thank you. Really helpful :)

@bahdoncali3811 7 лет назад

thank you very much :)

@basmasalem5989 5 лет назад

What are the chemicals produced by the Subthalamic Nucleas that excite the Substansia Nigra, please?

@jwilcox4726 2 года назад

Please turn up the volume I can hardly hear this. Thank you.

@Elixir01.k 5 лет назад

That u show there in coronal section Gp externus on right side is not that one....but rather is internal capsule....I think the marking is incorrect wrt gp externus

@shouqmohamed944 6 лет назад

this was faaaaaantastic

@Cairn_August 6 лет назад

it's said the striatum sends inhibitory signals to the globus pallidus but the globus pallidus is a part of the striatum, should be a little more specific there

@aprilneha 6 лет назад

globus pallidus is not part of the striatum. the striatum is the putamen and caudate

@maxwell3578 4 года назад

So basal ganglia is essential for dancing?

@aswinims2091 7 лет назад

wow super

@Hapkat800 2 года назад

What happens if someone has calcification of the basal cell ganglia…..

@rickystorrie3124 6 лет назад

what about dopamine?

@thatmanzuko529 4 года назад

godsend

@heatherpowell231 5 лет назад

It seems a little confusing that inhibitory signals from the globus pallidus internal to the thalamus cause excitatory signals from the thalamus. Especially since the same thing happens in the indirect pathway but leads to inhibition of the thalamus.

@mayureshutpat7312 5 лет назад

Nah! It's the inhibition of inhibitory signals from globus pallidus (internal) that allows excitation of thalamus. Excitation of globus pallidus (internal) will inhibit the thalamus so that the thalamus can't send excitatory signals to motor cortex, which happens in the indirect pathway. I agree that it is confusing. Took me 4 days to understand, see?

@yogeshlakshman8488 4 года назад

I have one doubt How the substantia niagra gets activated to activate striatum ? May anyone please explain that mechanism? @khanacademy

@amylarouge 4 года назад

Well, that's the indirect pathway: Cortex stimulates (Glutamate) dopaminergic Neurons D2 in stratum, that releases GABA to Globus pallidus externus, that normally also releases GABA to Nucleus subthalamicus. But here it's actually inhibited to do that because Striatum released GABA on it, so Nucleus subthalamicus can freely release Glutamate to Substantia nigra and stimulate it that way. Substantia nigra then stimulates D1 receptors in Striatum for increased direct pathway, and inhibits D2 receptors in Striatum for increased indirect pathway. Hope I helped 🙈

@patrickbateman6160 3 года назад

1:53 😳 " n"

@fossaaxillaris4179 5 лет назад

Plase make turkish translate

@jay77prajapati 4 года назад

Subastantia nigra to subathalamic nuclei : Hey!!! Stop exciting me.....i have enough excitement ....😄

@gharawi1996 6 лет назад

I love u ;)

@jcash409 9 лет назад

why isn't sal doing these

@tejasvisakhamuri1380 4 года назад

Seriously, why can’t the motor cortex just send that excitatory neuron to the muscles directly instead of the striatum lol!

@kutilkol 4 года назад

i fart huge amount of gases. palidus?

@КоррадоКатани-ж4я Год назад

abracadabra

@XavierAng88 8 лет назад

In this video you state that the "Thalamus" is always in inhibition. However, in your indirect pathways and your PD video. You state that the thalamus is always excited like a dog. So which is it? always in inhibition or excitation?

@bilbo3728 8 лет назад

Hello, In a resting person, the THALAMUS is under constant inhibition from the GLOBUS PALLIDUS. (To prevent it from sending a signal to the cortex thus avoiding making an unnecessary movement). When one wants to make a movement however, this inhibition is cut off. additional: the thalamus does not need an activation signal. All it needs is for the inhibition signal to be cut off, his is because, it is always ready to fire if not inhibited. (thus is why she said it is always active) I hope this helps. good luck with your studies.

@mrjollyguy25 6 лет назад

The thalamus is always excited like a dog by default. The globus pallidus is always keeping it inhibited tho, like an owner controlling his/her dog. That's what I got out of this, anyway.

@ebubejosh2573 3 года назад

You deserve a kiss for this video 💋💋💋💋💋💋

@AltairKasem 5 лет назад

Is it that easy? Lol.

@lolbetch6482 4 года назад

THANK YOU

@turquoisecraft 5 лет назад

SubhanAllahh!! Thank you for sharing such a good lecture 💕

@dharanisudha7 6 лет назад

Clear and simple..tnq😊

@vinestreet7 6 лет назад

Love your voice. So pleasant to listen to. Thank you.

@mjd8139 5 лет назад

and they call it direct pathway...WoW ...it looks like when a woman go to the market to buy something

@Gymnasticslve 4 года назад

lol

@n_92alharbi71 3 года назад

Lol 😂

@DrMd172 3 года назад

😂

@madsm8337 4 года назад

The greatest explanation I've seen so far on this pathway. This is like the 5th video I'm watching and I finally understood. Thank you so much!

@giuliacirrincione6979 3 года назад

I honestly could have not done it without you! Thank you!! My professor took an hour explaining this and I got nothing from it, you took 10 minutes and completely opened my mind.

@edwardj.kenway8998 6 лет назад

You're voice is so clear and nice way of teaching you got

@trianahardianti 6 лет назад

thank you so much for this concise explanation! but could you please tell me, who order the subthalamic nuclei to excite at the 1st place? thanks!

@davidndiulor8428 9 лет назад

Wow, I love medicine.

@lucasprust1 9 лет назад

I thought that striatum inhibits globus pallidus (ext), that inhibits globus pallidus (int), therefore the striatum activate the global pallidus (int). Can someone explain this to me? I'm very confused now.

@neilparikh8041 8 лет назад

+Lucas Prust Sorry if this is too late, but you appear to have slightly mixed up the indirect and direct pathways of the basal ganglia. The direct pathway was outlined correctly in the video; the indirect pathway DOES involve the striatum inhibiting GPe, but GPe inhibits the subthalamic nucleus (NOT GPi) which normally activates GPi indirect inhibition of GPi). This consecutive inhibition acts as an activator, and upregulates GPi inhibition of the thalamus. The overall effect of this pathway is inhibition of movement. However, D2 (dopamine 2) input to the striatum actually inhibits this pathway, leading to decreased inhibition of the thalamus (usually translating to increased movement).

@nicolettetrupia1125 3 года назад

The devilish fedelini disappointedly scratch because aftershave astonishingly command beyond a charming gym. ludicrous, breakable bomb

@rupamthelegend 2 года назад

Substansia Nigra to Subthalamic nucleus:- "Stop it! Get some help!"🤣🤣

@พิมพ์ภัทรโชติการ 7 лет назад

Could you please tell me what is the program used in this clip? I have to make a clip for my senior project. Any recommended programs ? Thank you:)

@aimhighsmile1 8 лет назад

What is the name of the excitatory neurotransmitter that goes from the subthalamic nucleus to the substantia nigra? Is it Glu or Dop or something different? Also coming back is it gaba? It would be very helpful if you included all neurotransmitters in the future. : ) LOVE your work! I don't know if you work in connectomics much regarding the 3 types of learning in real time....(physical structure of content, history of content and real time experience of content) I think your mother type voice regulates students making it easy to learn...lol....I know it sounds crazy but I think there is some truth to this. I found it much easier to learn from your videos....I believe I already have circuits in place that recognize the soft tone of your voice....from -9 months to 8 years old my mom had a very gentle tone as I imagine most moms do. Anyway, the point is when we are regulated it is much easier to learn. : )

@mayureshutpat7312 5 лет назад

The neurotransmitter that goes from subthalamic nucleus to substantia nigra is glutamate. Not GABA, it is inhibitory neurotransmitter. Actually, as far as I have read, substantia nigra has two parts- substantia nigra pars compacta and substantia nigra pars reticulata. The one talking to striatum (sending dopamine to striatum) is pars compacta. Pars reticulata, along with globus pallidus (internal) (shown at 1:40), also works to inhibit the thalamus. The glutamate from subthalamic nucleus falls on, and excites, this pars reticulata part of substantia nigra (and on globus pallidus- internal), to increase the inhibition of thalamus, so that thalamus can't excite the motor cortex. This is, in fact, a part of indirect pathway which decreases the muscle movement when it is not needed. They have made another video on indirect pathway, where you might get more details on this.