I put water in a vacuum chamber to bring it to its triple point. Making solid oxygen: • Making Solid Oxygen Music: • Video Bonus video: • Fixing headlight switch Help me make videos by donating here: / codyslab
Sadly not enough on youtube, i mostly see americans only use the imperial, which is no problem, but if they dont even "translate" it to the metric it is kind of insulting.
Americans don't use the imperial system. They use the English system which is not the same as the imperial system used in England before it went mostly metric.
He's quite obviously a Terminator cybernetic infiltration unit, series T-800. This would also explain his surgical implementation of a magnet as a replacement for a burned out wrist servo.
@Squad 47 jesus why so toxic. ice dispensers obviously dont make ice right on time whe you press the button to give out the ice. its already frozen and stored then. then other ice is made to refill the storage room
Respect for using celcius. Glad that some youtuber understand that statistically more of their viewers use the metric system, rather than the nonsense crazy system.
JBpiification the world... unless you irrationally assume that only people from the US watch this channel. It is completely unlikely that their over 50%, since their only 4.4% of the world population.
Yes, but riding a horse everywhere wasn't nonsense either, until the car was invented and perfected. Now it's nonsense. By that i mean the act of using an inferior system when an objectively superior system is available. Not that the inferior system isn't based on anything.
if this were pure water, you would've been able to see the frozen ice turn back into liquid at 0.01C and 6mm of Mercury but it was tap water so it had many ppm's of salts
I have seen this on graphs, and i just kind of took it for granted, but seeing it actually happen with my eyes is something completely different. A deeper understanding. Thanks for the video and your effort.
Excellent inquiry! But be aware, I SUCK as a teacher. And what I leave here as a response, I advise anyone curious to check on it. If I am wrong, I will acknowledge my error and make efforts to correct the error(s). Since the chamber is already at it's maximum vacuum (or at least close), turning off the pump will cause the boiling action to slow down with time. Assuming the chamber has no leaks, the water will continue to boil and cool until the escaping water molecules equalize the vacuum in the chamber. The vacuum will not equalize completely. But enough to slow and eventually stop the reaction, and eventually the water remaining will return to the ambient temperature of the chamber. But his moisture absorbing powders inside might end up absorbing all of the water in the glass if left in the chamber for a time period. The pump must remain running in order to maintain the vacuum needed for this experiment to do what it is doing. Remember, that water is not just boiling. It is also "evaporating", or achieving vaporization as it boils. The same as on your stove top. And is why he added the moisture protection to his chamber. The water molecules will attack the piston wall of the pump, lowering it's ability to pump air, if it does not do more damage that is. (The only reason for the temperature drop in this experiment is due to the fact that the water is evaporating, or "vaporization" to be technical. It's the same idea behind the fact that sweating aids in cooling our body. Without the vaporization, temperature will not lower without external forces. (air conditioning, freezers). And when the vacuum stops, so will the vaporization process. Usually takes a full 3-5 minutes depending on the power of your vacuum chamber for the process to slow to a stop. (+/- several minutes) ALL THE ABOVE BASED ON USING ONLY WATER IN THE GLASS WITHOUT ANY ADDITIVES SUCH AS IN THIS VIDEO
I work in the refrigeration industry, working on huge chillers for commercial size buildings. With refrigerant we also boil off as super low Temps under a vacuumed pressure. Love this channel! Keep up the great content!
Cody I've been watching you for about 2 years and you've never failed to excite me every time please never stop making videos I love watching them so much your definitely my favorite RU-vid and keep marking amazing videos
I was actually thinking of checking out this channel recently. Stumbled apon this video looking for something else and didnt realize it was codys lab until the vid started. What a pleasant surprize. Ive been watchin since back in 2010ish when there were only like 50k subs. Nice to see this channel blew up. Good for you cody hope your doing well!
Cody'sLab hes got a valid point but idk y for some reason i half expected you to drink the water and get iocaine poisoning or something. if you get reference leave a like
From the video i'd say it's a lot quicker because he had the whole thing converted to ice after 12 minutes, whereas it would have taken probably more than 1/2h in the freezer.
Wow that was way cooler than I expected. I knew a lesser atmospheric pressure would cause water to boil at a lower temperature, I had no idea how far you could push it though! Awesome job.
lol very interesting video !! I like how you can be precise about the terms and technicality while we can actually witness that real aspect of the experiment. It all comes down quite nicely. I now understand atmospheric pressure a little bit more. Thanks for sharing.
I heard of a planet that was discovered (the Thoughty2 video about 10 strange planets), that mostly consists of water and in a depth of X km under the surface the pressure forces the water to become ice, while the temperature is around 600°C or so. The ice is called ice X (ten) and is probably as hard as rock (sry if these information are not accurate it's a while since I watched it)
So could you make some breathing aparatus with air from lungs filtered through this high pressure water (That has been enriched with oxygen ) ? Just like Acetylene = Acetone + Ethyne < I think :) Sorry for bad english
im really quite impressed that you did most of the talking about the experiment in one take lol i was watching the clock waiting for a cut. Love your videos
People are not born with knowledge, *everything* is new information to *everyone* at some point in their life. Humility is vital to learning. Remember that the Dunning-Kruger effect applies to you as well.
The first AC systems were on railroad passenger cars. They used a steam powered aspirator to pull a vacuum in a chamber of water. The chilled water was pumped to cooling coils in the passenger compartment.
holy crap this is so cool!! I've wondered if this was possible before (I used to get REALLY bored at school) and I'm glad to see someone else with the tools and knowledge to do this wondered the same thing.
Yasin Omidi the amount makes the poisons and the medicines. Many poisons are used in lower amounts as medicine eg curare in surgery. Hell many fruits have cyanide or cyanide like compounds so all of us have eaten cyanide most likely at some point
+Eagle 367 Pretty sure you're thinking of the fruit pits (apple seeds, peach pits, etc.). Also the phrase is "the dose makes the poison," I think you just quoted a song right there ("The Difference Between Poison and Medicine is the Dose" google it). But otherwise you're right. Plus, not all cyanide compounds are dangerous. Cyanocobalamine is a cyanide compound, and it's better known as vitamin b12. (This is why hydroxycobalamine is used as an antidote in France; it binds with the cyanide group in, say, hydrogen cyanide, and forms b12 instead). Prussian Blue is still commonly used as a blue pigment (that's why it's called Prussian *Blue*, not Prussian Pink or something) and (as Cody mentioned in a different video) is used as an antidote to thallium. Citation: Molecules of Murder by John Emsley. And wikipedia. Also, I can't find the cyanide video that everyone keeps talking about. I want to watch it, but not nearly as much as I want to explore the comments section because I'm sure it will be an interesting one.
This was pretty interesting! I don't know why it never occurred to me that water would behave this way. I would have assumed that the water would just boil off until it was gone. It works just like the refrigerant in an air-conditioner or fridge. Only instead of compressing a gas to make liquid, you're depressurizing a liquid so it gases off... AND FREEZES. Fascinating!
Isn't a perfect vacuum only theoretically possible? Even in very deep space you will still have a certain number of Hydrogen atoms within a meter cubed.
That depends, in a small enough volume you can't *fit* an atom, the lower the pressure the less likely any given volume is to contain anything at all. In the lab it's possible to make milliliter perfect vacuums easily enough.
Mostly you just classify the kind of vacuum by the pressure left (normal, high, ulta high, etc.). So in a classical setup you will mostly just say it has a strong vacuum with 10^-9 bar or so. But if you try to push the limits with like very small volumes, you might crack the usefulness of the difinition of vacuum. Even if you manage to get out all gas and other real particles, you end up with vacuum fluctuations and thus virtual particles (quantum mechanics) which are basically pairs of matter and anti-matter popping in and out of existence. Those are always there and also can do work (see casimir effect), even though you classically (newton mechanics, thermodynamics) have a perfect vacuum. So if you try to be precise you have to check definitions and their purpose. I hope that helped^^
Hi Cody, In a previous video you mentioned that mercury has a vapor pressure as well, since it too is a liquid, although much lower than water. Would you be able to boil liquid mercury in a similar setup to this one? And eventually get to solid mercury?
For that I would really have to put it in space since the vapor pressure at the triple point is something like 10^-12 torr. But yes it would be possible.
@kurpingspace productions I think the point of what he was asking was not whether or not mercury could be frozen, but whether or not it could be frozen via the same method as in this video, by way of decreasing the atmospheric pressure around the mercury.
We used to do something similar to this, though it never froze for us. We used to seal water inside a glass jar and turn upside down. Then we would put ice on the top, this would cause a drop in pressure and the water to boil. Just an odd thing we used to do.
Nicholi Martin the ice cube made the air shrink enough for the dissolved oxygen In the water to come out and regulate the pressure but in this the air came out to regulate the pressure and got sucked out making there no barrier I guess and the water froze
It did pull the oxygen out, but if you have enough room in the jar with enough water you can still get it to boil, just not freeze. I just thought I would mention something fun I did years ago for my nieces.
Hey I don't understand why the drop In pressure in the video caused the water to freeze. With looser bonds, the molecules should be more active and be able to boil more. So why did the drop in pressure cause the water to freeze? It's been about 6 years since I last took chemistry
The boiling point just means the energy it takes to go from the liquid phase to the gas phase. Since the more energetic molecules are going into the gas phase, the remaining are of a lower temperature. That is basically why.
The freezing phenomenon is quite common and is easily anticipated. The overarching relationship is the vapor pressure curve. If at a certain temperature and pressure, liquid water should be a vapor, the liquid will suck energy out of the water to vaporize. The huge latent heat of water causes the water temperature to drop. But the vacuum continues to go down so the steady suckage of energy continues until the water is frozen. Then sublimation takes over. Most liquids exhibit this phenomenon. But water has the highest latent heat of vaporization so the effect is more dramatic. I am most glad that this experiment does not involve mercury. One day you may get madder than a hatter.
Your explanation is not wrong, but you some funny language that convolutes the thermodynamics a bit. Maybe I can restate your point so they understand. The process of water boiling is exothermic, it requires water molecules with enough kinetic energy to leave the bulk water and surface tension layer. Since temperature is just the average kinetic energy of water molecules, the fastest moving molecules will boil first, leaving the remaining water with a net loss of kinetic energy so that it's average temperature is now low enough to freeze.
I've had this water / pressure question since I took physics in high school. If you had a pressure chamber capable of increasing the pressure inside above 784 times that of atmospheric pressure would there be a point where water becomes buoyant due to it's inability to compress significantly and it's density would be less than that of the surrounding air?!
This really made me wonder, In theory I think you would be able to, It would just be a challenge to make such a high pressure chamber along with some unexpected side effect that I'm sure would pop up. It would definitely look interesting though.
Substances have a critical pressure and temperature, which after that T and P are reached, the substance will be a supercritical fluid and exhibit properties of both liquid and gas. 784 atm is well past water/airs critical P/T so at that point, you would simply have a one phase mixture of water and air combined. Feel free to read more on the phenomenon en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercritical_fluid. And there are also some cool youtube videos showing the effect.
Hey Cody you should build a pressure vessel you can see into. To show the effects of deep ocean stuff. Like waterproof watches cracking, and things imploding.
Cody, Love your videos mate. Keep it up. Well done on providing an entertaining perspective on science. You remind me of our very own entertaining scientist here in Australia, Dr Karl. Albeit a younger version.
Amazing. At my job, we have big propane tanks that we draw a lot from each day, and this same process will freeze them on a decently cool day. We have to put steam jackets around to keep the vapor pressure up.
Just so you know, high vacuum is classified as pressures from 10^-7 torr on, or a millionth of atmospheric pressure. You achieved middle vacuum, barely, impressive with only a mechanical pump. You would need a diffusion pump to get lower.
Actually 10^-7 torr or less would be considered Ultra High Vacuum. And to get to those levels not only a turbo or diff pump will be enough, but better seals and a clean chamber would be nice. :)
Anyone know what kind of force would be acting on that (perspex?) door? It looked quite thin and had a large surface area so when he was talking about a 'high vacuum' it seamed a little concerning. Then again it didn't appear to flex in and become concave or anything so it must have been all good. Is that some kind of crazy strong door or was the force a lot less than i'm imagining?
+J Paino That door seems to be about 1 foot in diameter. That's about 113 in^2 of surface area. And 1 atm of pressure equals to about 14.7 PSI. So, multiply both and we have about 1662 pounds of force. But it's not a complete vacuum so it's gonna be less than that.
I have used water in an insulated test tube to confirm vacuum levels while working on large industrial and petrochemical refrigeration systems. Our test tube was external to the system and connected by copper tube. It is a very reliable way of measuring the vacuum while also ensures there is no moisture in the system.
Cool video Cody, thanks! If you could control spillage, it would be interesting to weigh before and after to see how much vapour it took to freeze the water.
If the watch ran faster in a vacuum, then the seals and gaskets would have failed. If the gaskets did fail in a vacuum, then the watch crystal would literally blow off. This is sometimes observed by deep-sea divers. All watches that have been used in EVA's have survived (to my best knowledge and research). Which means that their gaskets didn't leak any internal pressure.
Electronic wach precision is governed by a quartz crystal inside. Those crystal are sealed in a small metal can since the crystal naked is very fragile. wach Crystal is called tunning fork crystal. It resonates at an exact frequency (like a diapason). Wach chip divides this reference to get seconds, minutes and hours. So, even when its true that there is sort of mechanical part inside an electronic wach, it is super sealed. The facts that make crystal drift are TEMPERATURE (heavy quadratic dependence) and vibrations (can even damage the Crystal). Also, the wach chip is not very tolerant when some properties of the Crystal change, so even when it coul drift tooo much, it will make the wach fail completely. Chip is also super sealed also. Like other user said, the LCD screen could be damaged but doubt the wach could get damaged. Almost every electronic gear around us use quartz crystals as time reference. Crystal are cut to a specific frequency. Ok, not very interesting ....but wach Crystal is working at 32768Hz (oscillates 32768 tmes per second). It a CLASSIC number for sure. Timekeeping in the computers use the same. Crystals eventually age and drift permantly every year (wach can get slower or faster ... just by a very small amount, like 5ppm). Computers have no probs since they go and adjust the time using time servers over internet. So do the phones. HIGH precision references for laboratory use CESIUM. Those ones are insane accurate and wont drift. Precision time could be derived from them
38911bytefree Not sure if this is also directed towards me. But to clarify I was only talking about mechanical watches, not quartz or tuning forks. Also my mention of "crystals" was in reference to the case crystal, the front glass of the watch in which you can see the moving hands, not the quartz crystals.
Dylan Greene Was general info kind of post, I am writting (I think it is still possible) my opinion on what I think is happening or not happening. Didnt read you mention about crystals, just read the firs and second comment I believe (didnt click see more). So, no worries.
I know this is an old video but nice nonetheless. I used to work at a well known pharmaceutical factory. We made a vaccine called Yellow Fever, the process, without getting into too much detail, used a process called Lymphinizing. Basically freeze-drying the vaccine into a dry cake. They used a reconstitution method using sodium chloride to make it into an injectable. Really cool process to be seen first hand and educating. Thanks for the video Cody, learned a lot from working at that place.
Hey Cody i have a question i dont now if you could manage to do this but im wondering if you could pop popcorn in a vakum im wondering if it would be fluffy like it is or not or would it be even bigger ? si when it is not too hard for you to creat the heat or microwaves in the vakumchamber (since its a vakum i think we can left the microwaves a side) too pop the corn that would be totally awesome. Greatings from Germany keep doing your great Videos !
***** you are awesome ! I was wondering still a time what would happen is the air in the popcorn intermolekular so is it producing wenn it pops or is the air from the outside and what happens in the vakum it will be so interresting ! :))
