Aw lawdy, has the 90's become 'back in my day' stuff? Well, I guess I better get to writing some convincing lore for the period. FYI, we not only walked to and from school uphill, but during classes.
“It’s poisonous” to be more accurate, cadmium causes your bones to weaken dramatically. A person with high levels of cadmium in their body will feel a deep pain in their spine and will break bones from seemingly mild injuries. And it makes them walk in a strange and distorted way because of the sharp pains they feel in their bones. Cadmium is a miserable thing.
@@BlondeQtie it resembles the alkaline earth metals and so the body cannot distinguish between them. So cadmium deposits in bones instead of Calcium making the bones Brittle.
NiCad rechargable batteries were used in toys in the usa as early as 1970 in Hot Wheels Sizzlers. 90 seconds charging with conventional batteries gave 5 minutes of run time. They were fun.
Another great video, I have learnt so much : but, I think Vincent van Gogh used the cheaper chrome yellow in his sunflower paintings. The pigment is slowly going from yellow to orange and then to green.
During late 80's I had many NiCd AA batteries for my cassette player Walkman and later CD player Discman. Early NiCd AA batteries were five times more expensive and had three times less capacity than alkaline batteries (after early 90's the NiCd AA batteries performance was increased though). However the benefit was enormous. I could recharge them at least three hundred times without significant loss of capacity and use them with my Walkman, without paying frequently for the disposable alkaline batteries. The NiCd were revolutionary batteries then. The first GSM mobile phones from early 90's were using NiCd batteries and demanded recharge every day (by the way my new iPhone X demands recharge every day too). After mid 90's appeared the first GSM mobile phones with NiMh batteries which could work without recharge for more than three days. Something phenomenal then. At the end of 90's lithium rechargeable batteries appeared in GSM mobile phones which in some models could keep the mobile phone working without recharging for two weeks. The NiCd AA batteries had lower voltage 1.2V than the 1.5V of AA alkaline batteries. That was one of the reasons why NiCd batteries didn't let the walkmans to play cassettes for a very long time. I used to change NiCd AA batteries very frequently but that was not very annoying because I simply didn't pay for alkaline batteries. The normal charging of empty NiCd AA batteries needed at least five hours. Some fast chargers of 90 minutes were introduced but I was avoiding them because I had read that they were reducing the number of recharge cycles of NiCd AA batteries. NiCd AA batteries had the memory effect too. Some people doubt about the existence of memory effect. I was always recharging empty NiCd AA batteries to avoid the reduction of their capacity. My special battery chargers were automatically fully discharging the NiCd AA batteries before starting to fully recharge them. NiCd AA batteries were self discharged too. If a fully charged NiCd AA battery wasn't used for two months, it was loosing at least half of its capacity. But that wasn't an issue for me because I was using them frequently. The NiMh AA batteries were available at the end of 90's. I remember well that they were three times more expensive and had double the capacity of NiCd AA batteries. NiMh AA had still lower capacity than Alkaline batteries (The recent eneloop batteries are equally good as alkaline ones). After 2000 the NiCd AA batteries were made obsolete. The price of NiMh AA was dropped and their capacity was increased. Most electronics were manufactured to work equally good with the 1.2 V of NiMh AA batteries like the 1.5 V of alkaline batteries. That made the NiMh AA batteries more favorable. Nowadays I am using the Eneloop pro NiMh AA batteries. They have large capacity, they don't self recharge and no memory effect. Ideal for remote controller, wireless keyboard and mouse. Theoretically the next step of rechargeable batteries is the lithium technology. But rechargeable lithium batteries deliver 3.7 V instead of 1.5 V of alkaline batteries and electronics can't cope with such a voltage difference. Nevertheless there are NO rechargeable lithium AA batteries with very very high capacity at 1.5V. I use them mostly with clocks.
Cadmium Sulfide was also used in Photoelectric cells, for light detection. The type sold by Tandy Electronics in the 80s was extremely sensitive, with an excellent transitional range.
NiCD batteries are used even today by cordless electrical drills. NiCd batteries offer higher ambers for a short time which is very useful with electric appliances which needs more power for a shorter time like electric drills.
Itai-itai disease (イタイイタイ病 itai-itai byō, "it hurts-it hurts disease") was the name given to the mass cadmium poisoning of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, starting around 1912. The term "itai-itai disease" was coined by local for the severe pains (Japanese: 痛い itai) people with the condition felt in the spine and joints. Cadmium poisoning can also cause softening of the bones and kidney failure. The cadmium was released into rivers by mining companies in the mountains, which were successfully sued for the damage. Itai-itai disease is known as one of the Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan.
To ass on to what fixedguitar said, you can also order a lot of this stuff (base elements) online. But this RU-vidr is awesome cause he's really trying to give a "report" on each element and I love it. He's got people who want to help him, in this case.
John Lee Pettimore III he mentioned that it used to be used to make LEDs, and any LED can be used as a photovoltaic diode, and therefor as a photodetector. I believe we are supposed to extrapolate that ourselves.
Ah, the memories... I remember when there was a lot of talk about those batteries in the 90’s! I was born in 1985 so probably had those toxic batteries at home as well way back in the days. Also had a mercury fever thermometer when I was very little... Glad things have changed since and we use hopefully safer things today (at least up until people of the future look back at us as we are today... I watch a lot of videos from the 60’s and 70’s and I’m flabbergasted when seeing products they used back then and that we know today are highly toxic)
I remember toy stores selling bracelets with shiny metal charms made out of Lead. It was pointed out that Lead is poisonous and some other metal should be used instead. So the Made in China toy factories went back to the drawing board and made the metal charms out of Cadmium instead. (these were recalled as well)
From the perspective of a kid, I always loved seeing NiMh on my battery packs. NiCad were powerful, but never energy dense enough to be fun, and they took forever to charge, plus NiCad packs were much more futuristic-looking. ^_^
It’s funny to think how much of my life is affected by battery chemistries... Lead acid, lithium ion, lithium metal, lithium iron polymer... soon maybe we’ll see cobalt-free and solid electrolyte batteries revolutionising everything all over again!
Cadmium is still widely used in aerospace steel hardware as a substitute for zink electro plating (like bolts, nuts etc.), as it has better compatibility with aluminium alloys. They are looking for a less toxic replacement, but its hard. On coarser stuff (like brackets etc.) Nickel plating is becoming more common, but on close tollerance stuff like threads there is still no good replacement it seems :/
2:16 CdS is quite "safe". (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH) CdS does not require classification and labelling as hazardous according to CLP/GHS as it is insoluble in water and chemically inert.
@ 4:02 - Even in the 1970's NiCd batteries were used to power some scale-electric toy cars. In 1980, the first rechargeable RC helicopter; the Skylark EH-1 powered by a NiCd power pack was introduced. Eventually followed by others like the Kalt Baron Whisper & the Concept EP.
In South India, Cadmium is used for soldering Gold. When soldering is over, the joints are heated at high temperature evaporating Cd leaving behind pure Gold joints/solderings.
My 1st cell phone had NiCads. It came with a discharging unit so that the cells didn't develop a 'memory'. I raced RC cars years ago and the introduction of NiMH cells was a huge plus for the hobby - massive current output, larger capacity and no more discharge cycles before charging. The NiCads were lighter if I remember correctly.
I learn a good deal about our world and how it works from your in depth, informative, fun, & well produced videos. Thank you very much for this unique content. So much of RU-vid is made by people taking advantage of other people's intellectual properties and idea so when a channel like your is an option I cannot understand wasting my time watching some garbage click bait instead. Keep growing yourself and your content, I have watched your productions get better and the information get deeper, I am sure the future will be even better for you with all you have already accomplished. Many many thanks!
You can still get cadmium yellow paint. I bought it accidentally once and tried returning it after realising my mistake. It was a small craft store that wouldn't take the return, so it sat on my shelf for a while not wanting to throw it in the trash.
I may be the only one to prefer NiCd batteries over NiMH but hear me out. The fact that they can operate at a wide range of temperatures, in addition to them having 2000 charge cycles instead of 500, are very underrated. I still am yet to find a reason why NiMH are thriving, expecially when there's NiZn.
Nickel-cadmium batteries still have their applications. Their combination of very high current capacity and high degree of intrinsic safety compared to lithium-ion batteries makes them invaluable for use as turbine starter batteries. Since wet NiCd batteries are nearly indefinitely renewable they are still used in large-scale UPS systems. In older power tools designed for nickel battery chemistry they are still favored over NiMH due to the ability to rapidly source very high amounts of current.
With less toxicity, the Ni - MH batteries sacrifice longevity (number of charge/discharge cycles). Also, the charging process is more complicated. Equipment with built-in chargers don’t allow a change of battery type. Another battery abandoned due to toxicity concerns was the mercury battery. With its demise, out went the marvelous constant voltage useful for camera exposure meters and other instruments. After that, you have to use a higher voltage source and a semiconductor voltage regulator - if they fit in the available space.
je croyais que la production se serait effondrée; mais vous m'apprenez que les besoins électroniques ont contribué à en augmenter encore la production!
You failed to mention the more recent use for cadmium sulfide, because it is a natural photosensitive semiconductor. It is used in electric eyes and motion detectors, it is the yellow in photoresistive detectors.
4:46 you forgot to say that cadmium is currently being replaced by other elements when making nanoparticles. just search for cadmium free nanoparticles or quantum dots or qled displays
It's his accent... But the only way he'll improve is through us watching his videos and encouraging him to make more... He's been around for a while now, and sometimes his mispronounciation of various words tends to bring out my inner grammar Nazi
Yea, you meant to offend, otherwise why point that out. I am sure you have realized that speaking English is not the worlds priority and even in places like the USA many of our neighbors can't even tell you who was in our Civil War, let alone provide information like this channel does. So I the future unless you are providing constructive criticism think twice before you make your petty nature show.
Sorry to point it out, but CdS is one of the least toxic Cadmium compounds. It's one hundred times less toxic than Cadmiumoxid. This is mainly because it is practically insoluble in water. So it is still allowed to be used in pigments.
I had some cadmium that I swiped from my high school chemistry lab, I tried to make a nickel cadmium battery using it. It didn't really work. Let me tell you, its toxicity is overstated. I did something REALLY reckless with it and even I suffered no effects from it - I made the electrode of my battery by pounding it flat with a hammer, and then melting it to a copper wire with a propane torch.... and discovered that it doesn't just melt, but boil very easily. That's right, I was breathing air in the same room (and standing right next to) boiling cadmium. And so far as I know, I never was poisoned by it.
You are lucky. Cadmium vapor from boiling the metal like that, or heating cadmium plated hardware is very toxic. There are warnings out there to be careful with cadmium plated hardware, and not to heat it to a point the cadmium plating evaporates.
Its toxicity is overstated? That statement is as totally fucking stupid as what you did. You clearly don't make good decisions and aren't very bright at all... I think I'll trust actual scientists over your bs, thanks
