Can Aquaman Drown? 

Can Aquaman be drowned? I don't know, Thor. Can you get electrocuted by lightning, Thor?

Superheroes saving us incorrectly, Super Powers and why we dont want them, How to Drown Aquaman Kyle Hill villian status confirmed Next Video how transformers work and how to turn them off completely

Yeah I'm calling it the void has turned Kyle into a supervillain. I mean first he made that video about how can superman defeat batman, then how to kill wolverine, now he's doing how to kill aquaman Kyle is a super villain and Gary was trying to stop him

3:00 “And if we look even more closelyer” -Kyle Hill professional science man

How could you possibly say efficiency without making the pun e-fish-ency

Eminem in 2010: homie, I'll be nicer to women When Aquaman drowns and the Human Torch starts swimmin' Kyle hill in 2019: *makes this video* Eminem: *sweating nervously*

First, he shows that superheroes hurt people (terminal volocity video), then he teaches how to drown aquaman. Oh boy, kyle is definitely my favorite villain.

I didn't know about the dead-zone in the Gulf... That's super depressing. :(

The Void is making Kyle more and more Chaotic Evil every day

So...do flying fish effectively “hold their breath” (so to speak) when the jump and glide in the air? Or do they have a different gill structure? Or are they simply not out of the water long enough for it to effect them?

Kyle. You missed a trick. How many times did you say efficiency? E-Fish-ency. Hohoho.

I really like this episode. That demonstration made me feel like I was watching something like Bill Nye again

“Science Tube” is the technically correct term. Identifying the people who say “Graduated Cylinder” is how we find the noobs

In the silver age if Aquaman was out of water for more than an hour he would suffocate. Drowning if you will.

Hey Kyle! Mah man! Does this mean Aquaman could also drown in deep-sea brine pools? They have so little oxygen and so much salt that most organisms (aside from extremophiles) get toxic shock from 'breathing' those deceptive waters. I find it funny that Aquaman could drown in Spongebob's Goo Lagoon. Anyway thank you and GOOD DAY SIR

Good job, you got me manually breathing

Really holding back that surprise lightsaber man, been a hot minute

Title: can Aquaman drown Conclusion: we are drowning fish with our pollution

7:19 *Blast, I'm already awake!*

Alright Kyle I have a correction for you. When you are underwater like at 3:25 you can see a blueish tinge in the top half of the screen that gets bluer as you move upwards. Now I don't know how physics works in the void but that's not how it works here on earth... When you dive underwater red, yellow and green wavelengths are absorbed by water and organic matter, making the water appear bluer the deeper you go. The blueish tinge should therefore get stronger towards the bottom of the screen, not the top! great video as always :D

Hey Kyle, in the video you said, that diffusion doesn’t require energy and I will prove you wrong. (I know you mean, that the organism don’t need to bring forth the energy, because the process is running spontaneous, but you are still technical wrong - the worst kind of wrong) The free Gibbs energy G of mixtures is defined as: G = -RT (x(a)ln(x(a))+x(b)*ln(x(b))) R = Gas constant = 8,31 J/mol/K T = Temperature = 298,15K x(a) = Mole fractures of substance a, but I will use the partial pressures instead For fresh air with p(O2)=0.21 bar and p(CO2)=0.00039 bar: G= 819 J/mol For used air with p(O2)=0.16 bar and p(CO2)=0.05039 bar: G= 1099 J/mol The difference is now the energy of diffusion: -280J/mol One mole of gas takes 22.4 l of volume under standard conditions according to the ideal gas equation and a human breathes for about 8l per minute. So you are setting free about 100 j/mol/min of diffusion energy with your squishy body by breathing. Still love the show!

As always a Because Science video packed to the gills with great information.

Why is it that when we hear about our breathing, that we become aware and it goes off of autopilot?

Could Aquaman command cyanobacteria or something along those lines to carry oxygen his way?

Hi Kyle, You are literally a super villain. Love your videos

New Jersey is a dead zone the size of that deoxygenated water in the gulf, BooYa

Yeah so if aquaman gets his oxygen like normal fish, how deep in the ocean can he go before that's not viable? Ignore the oxygen now, wouldn't the water pressure crush him at some point?

_NOTHING CAN STOP ME FROM DEFEATING... THE EEEEEVIIIL!!! NOOOTTHHIIIIING!!!_ ~ Mermaid Man 2018

9:25 that was a glorious anime level grieving scream. Well done good sir.

So, multiple armies of fish fighting in close quarters would likely not last long.

First--Big fan of the show, always loved these types of conversations at the intersection of Sci and sci-fi. Hope to see more for years to come. This video (especially Chad...) reminded me of a dark past.... I accidently pulled a bit of a kid-villain move and massacred the frogs in a large area as a child. Every summer I would start to hear them and shortly after I would start finding tadpoles in my pool and around the area wherever possible. One year, when I was like 7-9, I had scavenged a mid sized fish tank and I decided to catch all the tadpoles I could, and make them a cozy, safe (boy was I wrong) little home. Sadly at that time, my science knowledge was very sparse and I didn't plan it anywhere near correctly. They were all dead within a day or so. I now know so issues my setup had- oxygenation, and summer Florida heat probably being the biggest, and I'm sure over populating it in general didnt help... Hundreds of tiny froggy lives snuffed out in their prime! I felt (still do tbh) so bad. It took like 8 years before their was another frog heard in my neighborhood. Even then it was no where near the sonorous chorus of croaks that it had been previously--even like 12 years later. After that I looked into what I did wrong so as to prevent murdering any of my little aquatic friends- and told some other kids not to do the same type of thing. I actually buried them and the tank after this too. I learned, sure--but at what cost?!? Obviously I still feel bad about this, though in the years since I try to live and interact in better, and safe (for me and them) ways when coming into contact with any organisms. Learn from me!?! Don't massacre your little buddies-- in general leave them in peace and enjoy from afar. And let's prevent similar mass die offs from happening in the wider world from our pollution.

Kyle, if aquamans gills are anything like that of a sharks he could be drowned by simply pulling him backward for a while or causing water to move over his gills in the wrong direction. While many fish species are able to pump water over they're gills be "gulping" (definitely not the technical term)some sharks have to keep moving forward to push water through their mouths and over their gills and others are able to pump water over their gills when resting on the sea floor but still don't fair well when pulled backwards since their gills usually aren't structured to handle backwards flow, especially not at speed. It's clear aquaman doesn't have to keep moving forward to breath underwater but he definitely isn't constantly "gulping" mouth fulls of water to pump over his gills so without over thinking it one could assume that his gills work in some way like that of a shark that has the option of pumping water over their gills. In that case all a villain would have to do is say trap him, submerge him in water and create some contraption to push water over his gills in the wrong direction and he would suffocate in a matter of minutes. Or simply capturing him and doing enough damage to his gills to render them ineffective could also work. Alternatively just stick him in a vacuum chamber like you've been planning to do to wolverine.

Kyle You make a good point about oxygen concentration allowing suffocation in or out of water. One thing you might add is the interesting anatomy Aquaman would need to support gills. Most bony fish have some sort of gill pump, allowing them to "gulp" water and force it over the gill filaments. On the other hand, many sharks lack a gill pump and rely on swimming with their mouths open to provide oxygenated water to their gills (ram ventilation). If we assume Aquaman uses a gill pump, you might imagine how his body would reuse the same biology used for breathing air. His lungs would inhale water through the nose or mouth, but then force the water out of the body through gills. Since to my knowledge Aquaman has never been shown with gills in his neck (I could be wrong, there's a lot of comics), gills would have to be located on his back, chest, or abdomen, or.... maybe his armpits? This might explain why he prefers to be shirtless or wearing a special orange fish suit, to allow ventilation. This setup would require an entire seperate "lower respitory system" with seperate air/water ways exiting the lungs, and likely some extra muscles to close off this system on land to keep him from exhaling though his armpits. If Aquaman does not utilize a gill pump of some sort, but uses lungs, he would use ram ventilation like sharks, or otherwise rely on water passing over his gills as a result of his own movement. If that is the case, the easiest way to drown aquaman might simply be to hold him still for a few minutes. Of course, all of this assumes he uses gills at all. Anyways, great episode as usual.

There is a lack of Futurama on this channel. There is so much science you can do from the show, like how the Galaxy Express ship moves. The professor said the ship doesn't move through space but rather it moves space around it.

If Black Manta, et al, actually did cap the oceans or lower O2 levels, would that be their "drowning" achievement..? HO-HOOOO, YES!!!

Aquaman reminds me of lungfish or fish with labyrinth organs that allow them to breath air. Fish can also drown in different zones like that of the Bathypelagic zone (midnight zone) or Epipalagic zone (sunlight zone) due to the differences in the amount of oxygen in each zone.

Fun fact you can dehydration people if you only give them heavy water(water with an extra neutron on the hydrogen) despite them drinking what seems like water. Would aquaman similarly be dehydrated by heavy water? Edit: So I misremembered this. While drinking large quantities of heavy water does kill you it does this through interfering with biological processes such as mitosis not through dehydration. Thus if you put aquaman in a tank full of heavy water he would indeed die of having many many chemical reactions going wromg but would he drown in addition?

Now I wonder 🤔 Can human torch be burned?

Kyle, great stuff, I would like to add two corrections/elaborations. 1) Superman's powers or many of them have been explained as tactile-telekinesis. This is what prevents the plane from crumpling around him, or the ground being pulverized when he supports these massive loads, and more importantly why when he catches someone, he can essentially cancel out the impulse imparted on them. Now this explanation only works for superheros that have that ability and does not explain why people such as batman could do similar. 2) Neo in The Matrix, when he catches Trinity, I argue, would not have killed her. In The Matrix, Neo is basically God, having the ability to manipulate his environment to his will. He can do more than just fly and hit things really hard; he can manipulate the source code of The Matrix. I would argue that with the abilities Neo has, he could easily just manipulate his own and Trinity's momentum to match and also their durability. This is reinforced in the next scene where he puts his hand into her chest to remove the bullet, then again to restart her heart. I think Neo is much more powerful than people give him credit.

I'm calling graduated cylinders "science tubes" from now on. 😆 Thanks for another great video, Kyle!

Hey Kyle, just wanted to say thanks for bringing attention to the situation in the Gulf. I live in Florida and it's depressing to be afraid to go to the beach in my home state. I'm a big fan, keep up the great science!

RIP Chad He will forever be missed

Wwwwwait a minute! So, theoretically, if I could somehow quickly dry fish's gills it would survive on land?!?

Hey Kyle, I'm thinking of writing a story about a protagonist who gets separated from his party on Mars by a gigantic Dust Storm Would the winds be strong enough to break a tether like that that they have on the ISS. I tried to do some research myself but I couldn't find any solid facts.

I don't know what it is, but Kyle reminds me so much of Cisco Ramon off of the CW Flash series.

Last summer it was really hot in my home town which somehow also caused the algae level inside a lake to rise. In order to keep enough oxygen in the lake the firemen used their hoses to simulate rain over the lake which provided more oxygen because of higher water movement and surface area (that’s at least what they explained me). What I want to say is that Aquaman or the justice league could technically move the water surface in order to prevent your (or someone else’s) villainous actions. Love your show

Hey Kyle! I have an idea of drowning Aquaman, make him swim with all his might and since there is a low amount of oxygen he can breathe with every breath, he will eventually become tired quickly for lack of oxygen in his body PLUS his body is much more larger than a fish which means he needs more oxygen to breathe in.

So I'm going to dig out that interesting hippo fact you mentioned in footnotes once.. A villain could use use a bunch of hippos and drown Aquaman in the right situation, eh? What a crappy way to go.

"It's like asking you to breathe while holding a hand over your mouth." Someone please teach Kyle about noses.

Kyle is unapologetic about his new evil status, and I like it! Stealing a page from batman in the Doom story, and creating a plan to eliminate every superhero. I would like to hear how he is going to counter the rest of the Justice League. This week on The Days of our Villainous Lives: "How the luscious headed Sci_Phile plans to neutralize Captain Atom's nuclear power while slowly dominating the Earth's sciences with knowledge and RU-vid Comments."

That's also why punching, or grabbing a shark by the Gills is one of the ways to escape an attack... basically knocking the wind out of them. However due to the difficulty of punching under water and panic, I'd go for the shove my thumb into it's eye option.

This could be a fun one, and I don't I've seen it as a video, it could even be its own little miniseries, Dragons and their breath types/weapons. The Fantasy genre is more popular than it has been for some time now these days, and Dragons are a big part of that genre. Culturally, dragons have different definitions and properties, depending on which nation you're talking about. That said, games like Dungeons and Dragons (D&D/DnD) do a pretty good job of creating a wide variety of dragons with different properties for everyone to potentially encounter/deal with. Yes, the Gold and Red dragons breath fire, something we have no real life animal capable of, to our knowledge, but we also have Black dragons breathing acid, Silver dragons breath a force that rapidly cools the air to the point it's like getting blasted with ice, Bronze dragons breathing lightning, Green dragons breathing potentially harmful gasses, and so on. And some dragon varieties are even stated to do things like breath underwater as if it were air. Dragons are as close to a logistical nightmare as you can get in terms of trying to explain things scientifically as possible. Peter Dickenson did a pretty good job of explaining how some varieties of dragon could do certain with some of their properties in his book The Flight of Dragons, but dragons have only gotten more complex in the public consciousness since he wrote and published that book. Even so, I think it would be an interesting little task for Because Science to take on the science of dragons, starting with breath types probably or maybe starting with how some can be such massive apex predators with intelligence comparable to or greater than that of humans. As problematic, and potentially daunting, taking on aspects of dragons with science could potentially be, I think it might also prove to be an interesting, and potentially fun, adventure. D&D is bigger in the public consciousness now than ever before, with RU-vidrs like Taking 20 and Nerdarchy, and shows like Critical Role getting quite a bit attention and influence, taking on things related to them with science could at least help point you towards some stuff that could lead you towards some scientific works on the subjects. Plus, there's obscure shows that tried to do a bit of this from a while back that went under like Beast Legends, a Scifi (now Syfy) channel show from the early 2000s that took stories about monsters from real places on earth and did some sciency things to explain a few things, one of their first episodes actually involved a dragon that was said live in a forest, I don't know if that show is still going on or not (last I checked it only had a small handful of episodes).

I really like that you involved a physical prop to aid your explanation this time around. I would love to see more of these!

Can't we drown him in a different liquid other than water? Like drown him in cooking oil or something?

Hey Kyle, we don't only breath by molecular diffusion, but also by the difference in pressure between the inside of our lungs and the outside. As pressure gets lower inside the air is pushed(it goes from the place with greater pressure to one of less pressure) and oxygen gets in. When our diaphragma relaxes the pressure inside is increased, thus making the air go from the lungs to the outside. I known the video wasn't at all about this, but I guess u could have just referenced. Anyhow great vid!

Kyle an Intellectual: Technically you are correct the best kind of correct. Me a nasty: i like anatomically correct better...

When the Hacksmith rememberers the chicken slapping video, and attempts to cook a chicken by rocket slapping it.

What would have really happened in Finding Nemo??

Even if Aquaman does have gills, the most efficient gills possible (those of tuna and other high metabolism fish) would be insufficient to meet his needs unless he was constantly moving. This is because in order to maintain a high metabolic rate and thus do superheroics, he would need more oxygen than a less superheroic creature of similar mass. Tuna use a separate counter-current pump to force more water, and thus more oxygen, over their gills than would otherwise occur. However, this means that they are unable to stop swimming for any length of time or they will suffocate. Because we know that Aquaman does not have to constantly swim to breathe, I posit that he must use some sort of chemosynthetic process to generate oxygen. The most likely explanation would be that Aquaman's gills harbor an anerobic bacteria that somehow feeds on hydrogen. These bacteria would have a means of separating hydrogen and oxygen (either electrolysis or a series of chemical reactions), making oxygen more bioavailable for Aquaman. However, there is no way that this process generates enough oxygen on its own for Aquaman to survive; it merely supplements other mechanisms. Therefore, it would still be possible to drown Aquaman using Kyle's stated methods. It just might take a lot longer than we would expect.

"Even more closelyer" 3:00 Really? -.-

Ok-@8:47 A " bubbler" as you call it or aerator as aquariologists call it does not actually dissolve oxygen into water, Instead the bubbles traveling to the surface causes a current pulling air low in oxygen along with it ti the surface allowing gas exchanges. This is why the bubbles are released at or near the bottom of fish tanks otherwise the water below where you've released the bubbles would not be pulled to the surface and fish in this water would die ( unless they are labyrinth fishes who suck air off the surface and store it in a special chamber). This distinction is important in understanding how water is oxygenated in the wild for instance .In the early days of aquariums in Germany, there were no air pumps to oxygenate the water and those early fish tanks look quite odd to us specifically because in order to have sufficient surface foe gas exchange they had much greater widths and lengths in comparison to their heights

Wow, wow, hold up... Why didnt that water boil inside the void?

Interesting point: In the original Godzilla from 1954, they actually use this method to kill Godzilla (spoliers for a 65 year old movie). They use a weapon called "The oxygen destructor" that a heoric Japanese man takes down into the water drowning both him and Godzilla himself. This weapon did make a comeback in the 2019 as well, working in a more... spectacular way. On that note, how would you actually make a an oxygen destructor? Could you perhaps ignite something that would burn really heavily underwater, consuming all the air? Like magnesium?

One episode I think could be really interesting is to explore the idea of a being like the Xenomorph which has blood so acidic it could eat through metal. What type of circulatory system would it have to have, etc., or is it even possible at all?

What if aquaman had developed symbiosis with cyanobacteria or something like that which made him self sufficient in oxygen? I mean it's not the most unrealistic thing in comics right?

For keeping your fish alive, the bubbler doesn't do as much as you think. What is more important is to disturb the surface of the water to increase the surface area, which then increases the rate of gas exchange. Although this CAN be done with a bubbler, but this can also easily be done for most situation by simply having a filter and running it at a high enough rate to disturb the surface across the tank. But you do have to be careful as not all fish like current, in which case having a large bubbler would be the way to go.

"Thor kills the DC Universe" is the best thing coming out of DC Rebirth this year.

More table-top science demos/experiments, please!

3:00 More closelier, really? Be careful you're not attacked by, because language.

You also have to worry about ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate buildup when keeping fish in a closed system like an aquarium. Organic waste from overfeeding, fish poop, and even fish respiration will cause ammonia in the aquarium to reach unsafe levels very quickly. Ammonia is caustic and will burn the outside of the fish which can lead to secondary infection, as well as burn the sensitive gills which can cause the fish to suffocate. Aerobic bacteria in the biological media of an aquarium filter will quickly break down the ammonia to nitrate, which is far less harmful. Nitrate can still reach unsafe levels if left unchecked for long periods of time, but in much higher concentrations than ammonia, making it much safer by comparison. I guess what I am saying is, your goldfish probably died not only from lack of oxygen, but also from being left to live in its own poop. So as great as a bubbler can be for gas exchange via surface agitation, you also want a proper aquarium filter which not only agitates the surface introducing oxygen, but also houses beneficial aerobic bacteria to convert that nasty nasty fish doodoo to something safer. Still have to do water changes, though! Love the channel, been hooked for a long time!

A video talking more about dissolved oxygen and how that process occurs in our oceans considering the relatively small amount of surface water compared to its depth and how the many species that depend on this dissolved oxygen have enough with out depleting it would be awesome thank you

Temperature and Salinity of the water also play a large roll in the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, the warmer the water is &/or the more Salinity the water hase the less oxygen it can hold

SUGGESTION FOR AN EPISODE: In Samurai shodown the character Nakoruru can cut the character Earthquake in half. Assuming the blade is long enough when is the amount of force required to chop a human in half with a sword and could a person with Nakorurus build actually be able to generate the required force?

In the movies, I think Aquaman mentions "My lungs filling up with water." Means uses lungs to breathe and hence cannot drown

I just watched a Shark Week rerun talking about the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico. They actually think it causes some sharks to not only be pushed towards human swimming areas in an attempt to get out of the oxygen-deprived waters, but causes them to be agitated and more likely to attack humans swimming in the area. So don't pollute or you will get attacked by a shark. ;)

i cant even with those fish puns

Dangit, Kyle! I was hoping you'd point out that sharks can drown if you pull them backwards through the water even a few meters, but no! Science boy, I am disappoint.

hey Kyle, love the show. What about the way that aquaman travels through the water? I mean, if he has gills, but as we know can only achieve his super high swimming speeds via supercavitation, then he would end up with a thin layer of vapour around him and be unable to exchange gas through his gills. Since each breath using lungs requires a couple of litres of gas he would require some kind of bubble round his head to breathe using his lungs (which he clearly doesn't have). It seems therefore that he would only able to travel using supercavitation for bursts as long as he can hold his breath (or whatever the gill equivalent is...).

Kyle.. as always.. LOVE the show!

In the vein of disolved gasses i would really love a episode on lake overturn.

If you were a shark standing still like you did to explain the episode wouldn't really be the best idea

God, this explains a lot. When I was little, I once had four fish in a tiny bowl, like the ones designed for a singular fish. They all died within a week (in decreasing order of size; unsure if that played a role).

Just wanna say you're pretty awesome, good luck with whatever you do with your day!

how fast would the flash have to run in the opposite direction as earth is spinning to slow down the earths rotation by one second to where the day is 23 hours 59 minutes and 59 seconds long?

Most fish can't switch between fresh and salt water either. So for Aquaman, who lives mainly in the Ocean he might not have evolved to breath both in salt and fresh water. You could just force him underwater in a Lake somewhere. Also there is an even easier way, sink Aquaman in the "Jacuzzi of Despair" where there is about 5 times more salt than the water around it and contains methane and hydrogen sulfide. It actually looks like a lake underwater and flows like a river. So cool.

Hey Kyle, awesome episode, very nicely executed! Here is a question that recently got to me: Could Antman even see anything while in his Ant-size-form (or whatever you want to call it) and if yes, how good(/bad)would his eyes' resolution be? Why do I ask that? We need a certain amount of light in order to see anything. If our pupils were the size of an ant's antenna (mini-Antman) there might not be enough light falling into them in order for us to see anything. And second: The maximum physical angular resolution limit is somewhat proportional to the diameter of our pupil/opening through which the light falls (which is why you see a lot more detail of e.g. the moon's surface when watching it through a telescope). Would really love to see an episode about that in the future! Greetings from Germany and keep up the awesome work! Yonathan

This was a really cool episode keep up the great work! Fun fact, my dad works as a project manger at a waste water treatment plant. There is a stage in the process where they need to kill the biology out of the water so they use bugs to eat it(it’s algae but that’s the name they gave it). They are so effiective that they could drop the dissolved oxygen down to 0 so to keep the algae alive they use commercial grade bubblers to keep enough dissolved oxygen in the water. So I could defiantly see this explanation working through your super villian ways

If Aquaman does breathe through gills, there could actually be another way to drown him. It all depends on how he gets water to flow over his gills; buccal pumping or ram ventilation. Buccal pumping is manually pumping water over the gills with the cheek muscles or something, this is what allows most fish to stay in one spot without drowning. Ram ventilators, such as the great white, requires it to be continually swimming to get water flowing over its gills. As such, if Aquaman is a obligate ram ventilator, all you have to do is to immobilize him and leave him for dead on the ocean floor. I doubt he's a ram ventilator, but here's an interesting thought.

Super Algae man standing over atlantis after watching this video: "pathetic !"

I think its so cool he got to interview the people from the expanse at sdcc

If aqua man does use gills to breathe then you could drag him backwards through the water to drown him since water needs to pass through the gills in a certain direction for them to function correctly (though this would be less effective than putting him in a dead zone unless you were pulling him pretty fast)

Your comment on ocean dead zones made me think of another area which could be potentially deadly for Aquaman. I imagine staying too long in an undersea brine pool, like the Jacuzzi of Despair, would be somewhat problematic if he was required to breathe underwater.

8:04 My definition of “to drown” is having too much water in your lungs

Aquaman can only stay on land for a limited amount of time but it is a long limited time he needs moisture to be able to atleast stay on land for a while

Do you think we'll be able to make a more efficient version of something like Perfluorocarbon like they used in the movie The Abyss? Would something like that help with deep sea diving as an alternative to air? I wonder how Perfluorocarbon would effect something like the bends. great show man.

By the strict definition... any respirating organism can be drowned by removing thier required input molecule for it. One could actually say if the definition were changed to "death by asphyxiation in any fluid medium.", suffocation on land by even air breathers for lack of O2 would still be drowning.

Another way to kill aquaman with water would be to make him overdose on water until all his cells start bursting and erupting due to osmosis going at it too hard. It's not drowning but it's not like aquaman didn't die to water.

Small lakes in winter can kill every fish in them under certain circumstances. If it gets covered in snow and the ice is not broken, the plants will stop producing oxygen and none is exchanged through the surface. Conversely if the lake is frozen with clear ice the lake will be saturated with oxygen because it can't escape unless the ice is broken, killing the fish.

@1:22 Fewer, not less. Less is for unquantifiable objects. Particles can be quantified.

Kinda surprised you didn't touch on the hyper-salinated pools and rivers at the bottom of the ocean in this video. Real neat stuff.