Cell Signaling: Introduction to Growth factors and Cytokines

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What are growth factors and cytokines?
➜ Growth factors and cytokines are vital cell signalling molecules that control cell activities. They are crucial to a cell’s biological function because they bind to specific receptors and activate downstream signalling pathways that ultimately stimulate a biological response. Due to their crucial role in cell proliferation and differentiation, growth factors and cytokines are absolutely indispensable to human physiology research, developmental biology, stem cell research, and cancer research. In this video, you will learn about signaling mechanisms, classifications, and applications of growth factors and cytokines in cell biology.
For more information on growth factors and cytokines and for a list of the sources used, please visit:
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Опубликовано:

3 янв 2016

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Комментарии : 47

@KrishanKumar-tq6sl 4 года назад

this helped me to make my project more effective i found it very useful

@abmgood 4 года назад

Hi Krishan, thanks for watching our video! Please let us know if you have any questions and we'd be glad to help!

@lyds-dm3my 7 лет назад

Dear ABM, I found this very helpful with my current study on signalling via growth factors. I was wanting to know what video program you used to demonstrate the physiological mechanisms?

@abmgood 7 лет назад

Hi lyds, thanks for leaving a comment, glad you enjoyed our video! The video was animated using adobe after effects software.

@ravibathula9105 2 года назад

Which cytokine is useful for osteogenesis for bone formation and revascularization

@shukenadashore6527 3 года назад

Growth factors like PDGF have very small half life. How do you advise their use in cell cultures. How frequent replacement of Gfs do you advise?

@berrinsarac 3 года назад

your animations are so clear!! much better than most books. Thank you very much!!

@abmgood 3 года назад

No problem! Glad you found the video helpful! ;)

@Akashpalve 2 года назад

Can cytokines help to regeneration of cartilage and bone? Is it helpful in autoimmune disorders?

@jagannathdasa 6 лет назад

Since some cytokines inhibit cell growth, or trigger apoptosis, how feasible is it to interchange the terms cytokine and growth factor?

@abmgood 6 лет назад

Hi Jagannatha, thanks for leaving a comment! Cytokines are a subset of growth factors - some cytokines can be growth factors and others, like you mention, inhibit cell growth. Many scientists do use them interchangeably!

@aeshasharma3236 4 года назад

This is very useful. Can you please explain the groth factors delivery strategies in tissue engineering. Thank you

@abmgood 3 года назад

Hello Aesha, Glad to hear that the video was helpful! That sounds a very interesting topic to cover. We will definitely let our production team know!

@waelali7261 6 лет назад

I have a question how how to use growth factor in cancer cell models , do they work alone by adding growth factor to the media or do we have to add any other agent to make them work .? I hope you can reply me as soon as possible , thanks

@abmgood 6 лет назад

Hi Wael,thanks for your comment! For most cases, growth factors can be directly added to the media, with no additional agents required. However, when adding more than one growth factor, they can work in either a synergistic or antagonistic fashion, depending on the specific growth factors used. You will also need to optimize the concentration of every growth factor, which is dependent on your specific needs. Hope this helps!

@yasserelgabry 7 лет назад

Do u think that the growth factor GF the ligand , finally leads to transcription of its gene (GF gene ), and also the GFR gene , as well as many other genes . am I right ? All the best

@abmgood 7 лет назад

Hello Yasser! I'm not sure I understand your question? Yes, growth factors bind to cell surface receptors (aka ligand binding to its receptor) which trigger a signal cascade (other signalling proteins) that eventually ends up "turning on" the transcription of a gene or group of genes.

@asmamekni9660 7 лет назад

thanks for this interesting video. I would like to have videos about the bad regulation of cytokines and cancer???

@yasserelgabry 7 лет назад

Do we have a gf gene , or it's synthesised only by the cell, all what I need to know pls, is the origin of those growth factors, thanks

@abmgood 7 лет назад

Hello Yasser! Thanks for leaving a comment! Growth factors are proteins and all proteins are "encoded" by genes. Each growth factor has a gene that encodes its synthesis and assembly. The cell possesses the protein machinery that can read the genetic information and "build" the growth factor in question. Hope this helps - if you need for information, we have a knowledge on the topic here: goo.gl/o9ZmZa

@yasserelgabry 7 лет назад

Thanks a million , my best wishes and kindest regards.

@ShubhamYadav-cu5zg 2 года назад

Do exosomes will be helpful in maintaining cell inductive capacity for the cell signalling of tooth germ cells for tooth regeneration, as research going on at kings college of london by dr paul sharpe.

@murtaza6626 7 лет назад

dear ABM, i just wanted to ask if there has been any research done in regards to cancers, don't all different types of cells need a specific growth factor?for example muscle cells and eye cell wouldn't there be a different GF for each of these categories?

@abmgood 7 лет назад

Hi Murtaza, thanks for leaving a comment! There are certain growth factors that can stimulate cell proliferation in a variety of different cell types (e.g. neuregulins) and other growth factors that specifically stimulate growth of only certain cell types (e.g. EGF/epidermal growth factor stimulates growth of skin cells). There has been extensive research done on growth factors and cancer. Normally, growth factors are in charge of signalling cells to divide, otherwise the cell will enter a dormant state and die. Due to mutations, cancer cells have bypassed the need for growth factors and proliferate in an out-of-control manner. This might be due to the cancer cell's ability to produce its own growth factors, the ability of the cancer cell to produce abnormally high levels of growth factor receptor (making it hyper-responsive to even low levels of growth factors), or simply the fact that the cancer cell no longer needs to relie on either growth factors or its receptor as downstream components of the growth factor signalling pathway have been compromised (e.g. the protein Ras has been permanently switched on). You can read more at our knowledge base (goo.gl/K3L9e1) or in this Scientific American article: goo.gl/rWAVV2

@karoaroutunov7992 7 лет назад

Hi Murtaz, There are alot of ways you can cure cancer by natural ways, To name an example is a water diet (cancer cells use more then 200X more sugar then regular cells)basically the cancer cells dies off. just google alternative ways to cure cancer *but even more important, pray to God with highest level of faith that you ever had to provide you a solution and a way. God bless you !!!!!

@murtaza6626 7 лет назад

Thanks for the reply, i have just a few comments to make- you mentioned that EGF helps proliferate skin cells. i just wanted to ask do we know what growth factor stimulates pancreas cells to replicate?you mentioned that cancer cells bypass the need for growth factors are you sure this is true?i would have thought a mutation that caused the excess production of GF would be a possible cause for cancer.- bearing in mind this would not only be the single cause of cancers. i look forward to hearing from you.

@abmgood 7 лет назад

Hi Murtaza, to answer you first question, there is literature indicating that insulin-like growth factors help stimulate beta cells (cells in the pancreas that produce and release insulin). As for your other questions, as I mentioned earlier, there are different mechanisms that can contribute to why cancer cells can begin proliferating our of sync and out of control. One of the ways is when a cancer cell bypasses the need for growth factor and receptors completely. This can happen if downstream components of the signalling pathway are altered - for instance when the protein Ras is permanently switched on (this website has a lot of information about the role Ras plays in cancer: goo.gl/TI71MC). A mutation that causes cancer cells to produce excess levels of growth factors is another mechanism by which cancer cells can also begin to grow out of control.

@varshithareddy8440 7 лет назад

I have taken cytokine growth factor injections for optic atrophy.. how many months it takes to restore my vision?..I lost my vision bcoz of tumor in right parieto occipital region.. severe pappiledema was noticed..tumor removed 9 months ago..but it took growth factors 2 months ago..how much time it takes to restore vision?

@abmgood 7 лет назад

Hi Varshitha, please check in with your specialist regarding this as the technologies are very cutting-edge and therefore only experts specializing in the field would be able to give you any sort of estimate! We wish the best of luck with your treatments!

@dr.humayunkabir742 7 лет назад

What is the difference between growth hormone and growth factor?

@abmgood 7 лет назад

Hi Dr. Kabir, thanks for watching our video! Growth factors and hormones both facilitate cell-to-cell communication. Growth factors describe all the proteins that stimulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation/maturation. Growth hormones are peptides produced and secreted by cells in the pituitary gland that travel through the circulatory system to signal growth of various tissues (e.g. bones, muscles, etc.) -- growth hormones can be classed as growth factors in this case (although this may not be the case for other hormones). For more information about growth factors, feel free to check out our knowledge base: goo.gl/o9ZmZa

@janakmedicos9735 4 года назад

Cellular growth. And growth rate regulations. Aging and Cancer.

@sarale57 7 лет назад

Hi, I took growth factor orally, spray, and after a month or so I got Shingles on my back. I never know if it was from the growth factor. It sure made me feel very, very good. I'm 66 and had shingles just once before. I took the GF for fibromyalgia and osteoporosis. What do you think? Thank you, Sara West

@abmgood 7 лет назад

Hi Sara, thanks for watching our video. This might be a question better directed at your physician as they would understand the situation in the context of your personal health!

@RootsOfEden911 2 года назад

I have FM and low bone density. Where did you get GF?

@talhatalha8966 3 года назад

Excellent

@abmgood 3 года назад

Thanks for watching :)

@varshithareddy8440 7 лет назад

can growth factors helps in optic nerve regeneration?

@abmgood 7 лет назад

Hi Varshitha, thanks for commenting! Certain growth factors (such as ciliary neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, and osteopontin) have recently demonstrated the ability to regenerate optic nerves in mice (see this paper in Cell: goo.gl/vBWVcd or this article: goo.gl/1LNR8U).

@jeremykops 4 года назад

@@abmgood I actually came here to ask the same question.

@abmgood 4 года назад

@@jeremykops Hope our previous reply helped answer your question!

@DA-sj2gw 7 лет назад

Which cytokine(s) is/are responsible for its/theirs antiviral activities? (1p) A. IL‐2 B. IFN‐beta C. IL‐4 D. IFN‐alpha E. TNF‐alpha F. IL‐1

@abmgood 7 лет назад

Hi David, thanks for watching! Among the options you've listed, IFNs and TNF-alpha are good for antiviral activities. IL4 and IL1, on the other hand, are shown to be suppressors of antiviral activity. Hope this helps -- if you would like to learn more about Growth Factors and Cytokines, you can access our knowledge base: goo.gl/o9ZmZa

@dr.humayunkabir742 7 лет назад

Growth hormone is a example of growth factors.Am I right?

@abmgood 7 лет назад

Hi Dr. Kabir, yes, according to the definition, growth hormones can be classed as growth factors!

@simplicitas5113 4 года назад

Medical researchers tend to call everything cytokines, cellbiologists tend to call them all growth factors. Is this not true?

@abmgood 4 года назад

Hi Simplicitas, thanks for watching and leaving a comment! That might be an astute observation! Growth factors is a term more often used to describe molecules that can impact cell proliferation. Cytokines are more often used to generally describe molecules that can signal different types of cell activity (e.g. cell death) and could encompass some growth factors, too. But you're right that scientists often use the two terms interchangeably!