Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Flow Chart: Valid vs Invalid, Strong vs Weak, Sound vs Unsound

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A logic flowchart of deductive and inductive reasoning, deductive validity, inductive strength, sound arguments and cogent arguments. Examples are given for deductive vs inductive reasoning, valid vs invalid reasoning, strong vs weak reasoning, sound vs unsound reasoning, and cogent vs uncogent reasoning. PDF of the chart available here:
drive.google.com/file/d/1r45D...
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0:00 Introduction
0:20 Deductive Reasoning (Deduction)
0:51 Inductive Reasoning (Induction)
1:16 Review of Deductive and Inductive Reasoning (Deduction vs. Induction)
1:41 Invalid Reasoning (Deductive Invalidity)
2:30 Valid Reasoning (Deductive Validity)
3:06 Weak Reasoning (Inductively Weak Arguments)
3:43 Strong Reasoning (Inductively Strong Arguments)
4:30 Review of Deductive Validity and Inductive Strength
5:49 Two ways an argument can go wrong
6:24 Deductive Unsoundness (Deductively Unsound Arguments)
6:46 Deductive Soundness (Deductively Sound Arguments)
6:59 Inductive Uncogency (Inductively Uncogent Arguments)
7:33 Inductive Cogency (Inductively Cogent Arguments)
7:55 Overview of logic flowchart
Further Reading
Paul Herrick, Introduction to Logic
Chapter 3: "The Basic Types of Argument”
Chapter 4, “How to Evaluate a Deductive Argument”
Ch. 5, "How To Evaluate an Inductive Argument"
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “Deductive and Inductive Arguments”: www.iep.utm.edu/ded-ind/
Music: Magic Scout Cottages by Kevin MacLeod
Link: incompetech.filmmusic.io/song...
License: filmmusic.io/standard-license

Опубликовано:

5 июл 2024

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Комментарии : 108

@butterfly-xe4tf Год назад

you just made me not regret for the whole week of me zoning out in class while my teacher was lecturing. I LOVE YOUR WORK AND YOUR VOICE.

@Kiko355- 3 месяца назад

agreed

@christiangoran6621 Год назад

Thank you for this. 8 min explained it to me better than 9 hours of lectures has done so far.

@e.cforest5422 3 месяца назад

Try not going to a university. I completed the entire Logic and Critical Thinking COURSE in my online class in 7.5 hours and I take my test today. In person university is a waste of money.

@24hrs_promise54 Месяц назад

I'm writing on fridday 😹💪hopefully it's gonna work for me too

@r.c.5827 Год назад

This is the best I've seen on the issue, especially in pointing out the difference between addressing the reasoning and addressing whether the premises are true.

@laurenmcconnell4838 8 месяцев назад

Thank you!!! I’ve been struggling this past week on this topic. Best video/explanation yet🙏🏼

@lauraspg909 12 дней назад

Thank you, for the easy breakdown, I wish the professor would have sent this to me in the beginning of the course. I also appreciate the pace you used throughout the video.

@Theonejearbear Год назад

I've literally watched 13 other videos about these topics and this was the only one that made me click! Thank you so much!

@LetsGetLogical 2 года назад

PDF of the chart available here: drive.google.com/file/d/1r45Dq1hZpJWtkPNeiXm7TOqjuYV6Xv56/view?usp=sharing

@domoxd3020 Год назад

Where is the link for the color chart? I'm going to take a screenshot for now but I would looove an original file. Thank you for your work!!! I totally understood it based on your flow chart.

@apha5936 11 месяцев назад

OMG!! This is definitely the BEST explanation ever. This will surely help me pass my Critical Thinking exam

@hanhanhanool1738 10 месяцев назад

Great video! Love the examples provided for each. Many thanks

@coconutyesse 3 дня назад

Thanks for sharing! Your video makes me understand these logic fundamentals in 5 minutes!

@aa3ali4 Год назад

Your explanation is amazing. Thank you for simplifying Mr. Schopenhauer's book ( the art of being right ).

@kiki12333 Год назад

I have an exam on Sunday and this video alone helped me feel a lot more confident in these concepts. Thank you!

@joxayah5136 Год назад

Holy **** I might actually pass my exam now. Thank you so much!!!!!!

@fishsticks5010 4 месяца назад

What swear word has only two letters in it?

@calebchuks4058 2 месяца назад

Another brother from another world, i had this type of master diagram for my students, except the cogent and not cogent. Thanks your graphics and explanations are flawless.

@lashelleharvey5208 Год назад

Awesome flow chart 👌🏾 Thank you!

@user-df9sp8cq9f 6 месяцев назад

A whole semester explained in one video :) thank you so much :)

@HipHopRepair 5 месяцев назад

Seen 30 videos on that topic and this is by far the best! You got a new subscriber

@miss.nareshsharma1690 22 дня назад

Thank you so much for explaining it in a easier way🎉🎉🎉

@nouhsaid9423 Год назад

Thank you so much this video iwatch when I start the first semester of the year ,semester 7, thats so incredible the way to explaining the lesson , again I appreciate you for the helping this course, long life.

@GoShakey Год назад

Wow, this video really helped open my brain this subject! Thank you I was having trouble at first.

@kristinrosendale4705 7 месяцев назад

Fantastic video! I finally understand. I really struggled with this in my social choice math class, should really help for my logic class next semester!! Thank you

@zalakmodi9519 Год назад

This video is amazing and helped me learning hidden parts of reading listening and writing and speaking. thank you

@Vegastellar Год назад

Thank u for this video good examples and easy to understand!! U are good at what you do

@MayA-xm2fi 2 года назад

Thank you for this video It really helped me know the differences

@Andreatuzze 5 месяцев назад

this was the best video about logic I've seen so far thank you so much. Especially about soundness, so an argument to makes sense has to be sound. because it can work logically when it's a valid( or a tautology) but still making "no sense in the real world" because the premises are false. And finally all sound arguments are valid but not every valid argument is sound

@LetsGetLogical 5 месяцев назад

Sounds like you got it. Right on! 🙂

@elizabethjean2709 8 месяцев назад

Ni vs Ne This is the best video I've seen in 15 years.

@user-te5zk6gp4m 4 месяца назад

thank you for this good video.this video cleared my all confusions.

@Apeuda 2 месяца назад

cleanest explanation ever

@Sigmaguys515 2 месяца назад

The best mr ever thank you for your effort

@britc2792 9 месяцев назад

ive been struggling to understand this for years. Thank you so much for explaining it so clearly with a chart and examples. I wish I seen this sooner!

@lindseyc2163 8 месяцев назад

Thank you! I've been struggling in class and this is helping clear some things up.

@LetsGetLogical 8 месяцев назад

My students have trouble with it too. That's why I made the video. 🙂 Glad it helped!

@joodd6603 6 месяцев назад

Awesome vid, thanks for posting.

@wdbryAREEJ 4 месяца назад

It’s soooo nice i love your sond and how you explained in easy way keep going 👌🏼👌🏼👌🏼

@davidarcher4651 11 дней назад

you tokk a different approach to explaining which I liked. The examples were really good too

@mohamsterto6880 9 месяцев назад

OMG thank you so much!!!

@salmanmohammed7514 Месяц назад

Thanks to you I’m ready for my finals

@mahider.__ 5 месяцев назад

thank you. JUST THANK YOU

@sophiem9682 5 месяцев назад

You are amazing. Thank you.

@tien_lnt Год назад

Very helpful. Thank you. 👍

@itsaysunb 2 месяца назад

I wanted to express my gratitude for the incredible video you created. Your explanation was clear, concise, and immensely helpful in preparing for my exam. Your dedication to providing quality content on RU-vid is truly commendable, and it’s people like you who make learning enjoyable and accessible for everyone. Keep up the fantastic work, and know that you’re making a significant impact on your audience’s lives. 👏🏽

@LetsGetLogical 2 месяца назад

Thanks for the kind word!

@hamzazad5258 11 месяцев назад

Very helpful chart. You explained it perfectly...also this guy uses a lot of animal examples, therefore he must really love animals.

@ilyn3520 Год назад

Thank you so so so much❤❤❤

@nadimitani Год назад

Very useful video!

@estifanos9981 Год назад

Thanks man, this was great

@unitainium3669 10 месяцев назад

amazing thank you

@oliviacloran9558 Год назад

very helpful thank you

@FasilWorku-el8ge 5 месяцев назад

Amazing

@worku-bb5qz1mf8k 5 месяцев назад

Thanks you 🙏🙏🙏🙏

@AbenezerAyele-ce9fh Год назад

Nice presentation

@nopekitty 7 месяцев назад

ur the besttttt

@SUMMER-NINJA- Год назад

Thank you

@domoxd3020 Год назад

You are so awesome

@BobbyJ529 2 года назад

When you're listening to an argument live do you automatically mark the premises and conclusions intuitively as they come up or is this something you still have to stop and think about?

@LetsGetLogical 2 года назад

Depends! But yes, sometimes it takes some work in real time to identify the premises and conclusion, especially with a wordy, unclear speaker (or author).

@holyking4 Год назад

u are so fantastic

@user-gr8ym7zm8b 5 месяцев назад

Thanks a lot, I hope my philosophy professor can explain course contents as clear as you do. 😢

@pareshbasnet1136 Год назад

thank you, this worked like magic

@user-pn6es6ju9v 10 месяцев назад

Man you're different.

@cuseyeti_one8three 7 месяцев назад

I don't know why Sally wouldn't like that jaguar. That is a perfectly fine jaguar.

@LetsGetLogical 7 месяцев назад

😂😂😂

@mencken8 2 месяца назад

Will the chart in any way enable me to induce or deduce why there is a wrinkle dog in the thumbnail?

@JTan-fq6vy 9 дней назад

Thanks for the great video! For inductive reasoning, I am curious how to precisely measure whether an argument is strong or weak? Any quantitative methods, such as causal inference, could play a role here?

@LetsGetLogical 9 дней назад

Great question. The precision you're asking about is exactly what the discipline of Statistics is for. But in the case of everyday inductive reasoning, it tends to be just common sense ball park estimates of probability, nothing precise.

@JTan-fq6vy 8 дней назад

@@LetsGetLogicalThank you! Would you mind sharing some (introductory) books or references of statistical-based inductive reasoning?

@LetsGetLogical 6 дней назад

Don't have any book recommendations off the top of my head but do a search on Bayesian reasoning and you'll have a fun rabbit hole to go down.

@aysegulerarslan8314 Год назад

👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

@kobbygbena861 11 месяцев назад

How'd i distinguish between an invalid deductive argument and inductive argument. Still dont quite get it

@LetsGetLogical 11 месяцев назад

Insightful question! Assume the premises are true. And they make the conclusion probable but _not_ guaranteed. Is it a successful inductive argument or a failed deductive argument? Answer: it depends! If the argument is put forward with the aim of guaranteeing the conclusion, then it is an invalid deductive argument. But if the argument is put forward with the aim of making the conclusion probable, then it is a strong inductive argument. "Valid" and "strong" are terms of evaluation. But they're evaluating different things. So in the case you're talking about, if we ask "Is the reasoning any good?" the answer is: "Well, it's a good inductive argument (strong) but a bad deductive argument (invalid)."

@user-jo4zj2ws9w 8 месяцев назад

love you

@nopekitty 6 месяцев назад

i’ve watched this video 100 times this semester… todays the final

@LetsGetLogical 6 месяцев назад

Good luck!

@nopekitty 6 месяцев назад

@@LetsGetLogical went super well thanks to you 🙏🏼🙏🏼

@ruthmkonda713 Год назад

Omg, I love you! 😂

@sofe_9023 8 месяцев назад

2:04 can this example be an inductive reasoning?

@LetsGetLogical 8 месяцев назад

Sure! Maybe the person is just trying to give *evidence* that Mary has a pet penguin. The fact that Mary's pet is black and white _does_ increase the probability that it's a penguin. So, yeah-this argument could be construed as inductive. (But note that it would be a _weak_ inductive argument. The mere fact that Mary's pet is black and white does not make it probable, all things considered, that it's a penguin.)

@sofe_9023 8 месяцев назад

@@LetsGetLogical Nice and clear! Thanks a lot

@JoseBrionesAvila 3 месяца назад

I love you bro

@LetsGetLogical 3 месяца назад

😂 *fist bump*

@dotheworkreacts1191 Год назад

Darn. The PDFs are no longer available

@LetsGetLogical Год назад

I think I might have fixed it. Thanks for bringing to my attention.

@SJTowne 8 месяцев назад

Still so quiet!!! But great content. 😉

@djb5320 Год назад

this should be taught in churches and mosques etc.

@LetsGetLogical Год назад

Agreed! Members of faith communities would do well to think hard about the relationship between faith and reason.

@Cantbuyathrill Год назад

The right conclusion is that "Penguins have nine lives"

@Cantbuyathrill Год назад

Kosher and Unkosher

@garyskinner2422 2 года назад

I'm still waiting for a sound or cojent argument for a god/gods actually existing

@LetsGetLogical Год назад

@Gary Skinner, interestingly, there _are_ cogent and sound arguments for or against God's existence... we just don't know which ones they are! Here's what I mean: to identify an argument as cogent or sound, we must identify whether the premises are true or false. There are valid and strong arguments for and against God's existence-so the only remaining question is whether the claims put forward in the premises are actually true. If the premises put forward by the atheists are true, then they have cogent and sound arguments against God. If the premises put forward by the theists are true, then _they_ are the ones who have cogent and sound arguments _for_ God. But the premises are contested by both sides. So nobody knows which side in the debate has the cogent and sound arguments. This is a common situation in philosophy. It all comes down to a certain premise and it's an unsettled, open question whether that premise is true or false.

@garyskinner2422 Год назад

@@LetsGetLogical yes I understand cojent and sound arguments, I absolutely don't know whether or not a god in fact exists, but the time to believe. Ie you think the proposition is true is when evidence points to such to justify the belief, I know people believe for good and bad reasons absolutely. I want to believe in as many true things as possible thus I'd like evidence which points to truth in reality with a small t. I know we can't ever be sure 100% of anything (brain in a vat) or life being a program, simulation etc, not that I advocate for this at all. We can only go with what we have at present. Furthermore athiests like me (not hard) don't claim to argue against a god I'm an agnostic atheist and thus I'm simply just not convinced with the conclusion that a god indeed exists, I'm not saying I know a god doesn't exist and therefore adopting the burden of proof. Simply I find the argument for God unconvincing atm unless I receive further information that sways me. Cheers bud ps soundness points to the premises being actually true that's what's missing in my view.

@rejected4760 10 месяцев назад

I have been studying this topic lately. But I have issues with the definition of Valid. There are 10 animals in the barn. They are either cows or cats. There are not 9 cows in the barn. There is exactly 1 cat in the barn. This argument is not valid. However let's say the premise that there are not 9 cows in the barn is false. Then the conclusion must be true.

@LetsGetLogical 10 месяцев назад

@rejected4760 Hmmm. I don't see it. Like you suggested, let's say the premise that there are _not_ 9 cows in the barn is false. And let's say it's because in fact there are 10 cows in the barn. Well, then it does _not_ follow logically that there is exactly 1 cat in the barn (because there are 0 cats in the barn). Or perhaps I misunderstood you.

@rejected4760 10 месяцев назад

@@LetsGetLogical if the premise "There are not 9 cows in the barn." is false then tere must be 9 cows in the barn. so the conclusion has to be true that means the conclusion is guaranteed to be true if premise 1 and 2 are true and premise 3 is false. and since like you said the actual value of true or false does not matter, this argument should be valid. the 3rd premise is just negated and thats where my issue lies. just negate one premise and the definition of valid doesnt apply anymore

@LetsGetLogical 10 месяцев назад

Doh! I missed the double negation of "It is _not_ the case that there are _not_ 9 cows in the barn." Ah, the dangers of trying to do careful philosophy on the fly in comment sections of YT. 🙂

@NN-tk7uw 5 месяцев назад

Loved the video but that background music was torture

@LetsGetLogical 5 месяцев назад

Ha ha, yeah, I go back and forth on the value of background music. It's hard to get right. I thought this was subtle enough but I know what you mean about the pain of a bad track.

@NN-tk7uw 5 месяцев назад

@@LetsGetLogical I'm back for more!

@andrewvirtue5048 Год назад

This video is misinforming the public. It is explaining deductive reasoning as taking two statements to gather a conclusion. That is INductive reasoning. Starting around 1:56. Deductive reasoning is taking the results to find the data. A breakdown into a conclusion. Inductive reasoning is a buildup into a conclusion; taking the data to find results.

@LetsGetLogical Год назад

@andrewvirtue5048 Thanks for dropping in. Appreciate your challenge. You sound like someone who is interested in this stuff, so I'd encourage you to take a look at some standard resources like the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy or one of the common undergraduate-level logic books such as Hurley's A Concise Introduction to Logic, Copi's Introduction to Logic, or Herrick's Introduction to Logic (which is the text I use). I think you'll stand to benefit by comparing the view presented in these academic sources with your own view of inductive and deductive reasoning. Either by sharpening your own view, or coming to have a greater appreciation for how contemporary logicians frame these concepts. It's true the distinction can be characterized in different ways, but the characterization I give here is the most common.