Details are Important... 

Good words Jay. When I was an auto mechanic I was often accused of being too much of a perfectionist, but with the engines I built and other maintenance work I did, I strived to not have problems due to anything I did or didn't do.

I want all people working on my plane to have your attitude.

As an A&P, I think this is one of JZ's important presentations. Thank you!

JZ, what you are advocating is commonly referred to int the biz as a "Culture of Safety". Key tenants include competency, engagement and accountability. Sadly, during my time in the aerospace industry, the majority of management was incompetent, survived by dodging blame and feigned engagement. This behavior cannot help but have disastrous consequences at the worker level. Spread the knowledge. Keep the faith.

The world needs more personal responsibility like you have discusssed

I'm a mechanical designer and machinist. I've worked on spaceflight, medical, automotive, and similar hardware and systems. Your "details are important" motto is one I've carried during my career, and I try to live by it. Thanks for helping to spread the phrase.

Well, its the ugly side of deregulation: somebody has to pay when companies are making more money ... very often its people paying with their lives.

Maybe Jay, you need to go and give lectures at the Boeing plants around Seattle, not least to remind them to screw the locking bolts into plug doors properly. I strongly suspect it will come down to sloppy assembly, possibly accentuating a less than brilliant bit of design. I love your work philosophy, which is vanishingly rare in today's world.

I learned this from Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance-why do you do a job well? It’s a simple question but it has a deep meaning. You either care or you don’t.

This is where pilots go to learn everything about turbine engines. Agent Jayz is a North American treasure.

Great observation with the "get the money and get the hell out" mentality these days. I too started to notice it like 10 or so years ago and it's only getting worse.

Most people dont have a passion for their job like you do, and most companies dont care about their employees beyond cost metrics, so nothing is going to change in regards to people caring about anything more than a paycheck. Also most company policy is written in the way it is to eliminate/minimize liability, not risk.

Key takeaways: 1) Don't fly a low-budget airline; worst case you die, best case you pay a company that doesn't care about your life. 2) Don't work at a low-budget airline; worst case you feel responsible for 100s of lives lost, best case you have trouble paying bills. 3) Don't run a low-budget airline; worst case your charged with 100s of manslaughter charges, best case you have 100s of employees who hate you.

There problem with dedication to one's job, is when the job isn't dedicated you. Where doing 'the right thing' makes you feel like a sucker everytime. We're dealing with a system where diligence is a sin the moment it starts costing time or money to the business - and where 'performance reviews' are due, and things like health insurances and mortgages and electricity bills don't give a damn how good a person you were - they just want to be paid and you're not going to be paying bills if you're on the dole after getting fired for 'poor performance' and 'not being a team player'.... It requires a very specific company culture - one of toughness and competence - but that's not something that's built in an organisation that treats people as meatsacks to be drained of their very souls until they wake up every morning just praying the day will end. Ultimately, where they start counting beans, soon they'll be counting bodies.

I remember that accident very well and the revelations in the subsequent investigation.

Ironically, everyone knows when they've done a job right,,,and when they haven't.

Boy, I haven't thought about the ValueJet incident in a long time! I used to be an avionics tech in the U.S. Marine Corps, and after the squadron lost a few aircraft, was pretty certain that I never wanted to be the person that caused the loss of aircrew or aircraft! Later in life, designing safety-critical electronics for earthmoving equipment, went through a number of Failure Mode Effects Analysis reviews as part of the design process. This process looks at every possible method of failure in the item being designed, and evaluates whether it could be dangerous. If it is, the design has to be changed to reduce the risk to a very small value. Being this safety conscious is harder when it comes to decisions that aren't clearly a safety issue, but hopefully people ask themselves "what is the worst possible outcome, and do I want to be responsible for an injury or death?".

I was part of a chain that messed up. I was new, I forgot the thing, someone signed my initials, so no reminder because I would of realised. No one got hurt. I told all the new people that story so that they wouldn’t mess up. It really scared me how easy it was. And that’s why I don’t do jet engines.

You are so right about today's workforce. I see indifference in most jobs, the trades in particular.

Agreed, taking pride in ones work and its quality is important.

Yes, we pilots know the passenger oxygen masks are supplied by chemical oxygen bottles. I learned it at least in my commercial rating, but might have heard about it earlier in my training. I do my best, in every aspect, if i don't know exactly what I'm doing and why, i get the book of instructions or ask someone. It's saved me so many times, and nobody has gotten bugged by my questions. They do get bugged when they have to redo something because i didn't know exactly what i was doing and didn't ask. Because of this channel. It's amazing what you can do if you diligently and exactly follow the book or instructions.

There is a very interesting episode on the show why planes crash about this. It's pretty in-depth. The slices of Swiss cheese that Blanc uses is very accurate description on how things happen when someone says, "that can't happen".

I can tell you that you hit the nail one the head with the worker/safety issue. At Spirit, I helped a ton of the mechanics make their lives easier and the whole time they just wanted to "get the part the F*#k outta my face and go home". The working culture there is seriously dangerous and part of it is that they aren't willing to pay enough for real qualified people who would care, and they can't do that because of Boeing...

Look up Piper Alpha for an example of failure by "I Don't Care". 10 additional minutes by the maintenance staff would have prevented the start of the chain of failures that led to 165 people dying. 10 minutes to do up 6 bolts. But it was end of shift so they left.

Well spoken , unfortunately that isn’t how most companies reward employees

Hi AgentJayZ, I’d moved on from the Olympus 593 team at Bristol when AF4590 went down on 25 July 2000. It affected the whole site badly, and one of my former colleagues was a member of the R-R team that was sent over to France. He described walking over the debris field and subsequently seeing the section of the burst tyre, which caused the fuel tank to rupture. That crash is a ‘classic’ (not really the right word?) example of a chain of events where, if one link in the chain had been broken, the disaster would never have happened. 1: If a wear strip from the thrust reverser of the No.3 engine of a Continental Airlines DC-10 had been repaired to an approved repair scheme, it would almost certainly have not fallen onto the runway at CDG. 2: If a routine inspection of the runway at CDG had not been delayed, then the wear strip might have been found and removed. 3. If a wheel spacer on the left-hand landing gear of the Concorde had not been omitted, then it would not have drifted to the left on take-off, and would probably have missed the wear strip. 4: If the aircraft had taken off on the reciprocal runway, rather than with a tail wind, it would have been in the air before encountering the wear strip. 5: If the Captain had not asked for the fuel tanks to be overfilled, reducing their headspace, the impact of the debris from the burst tyre on the underside of the wing would probably not have caused that fuel tank to rupture. I, too, have a little library of books on air disasters: I have ‘Air Disaster’ in four volumes, by Macarthur Job, which I would recommend, but I believe they are long out of print. I'll see if I can get a copy of 'Flying Blind, Flying Safe', via Amazon UK . PS: No, I won't be buying the 'Flying Blind, Flying Safe' book, at over GBP95.00 new, or even at GBP32.50 used. In respect of a cotter pin (commonly termed a split pin here in the UK) resulting in a failure, I believe I've previously recommended, 'Flight Failure: Investigating the Nuts and Bolts of Air Disasters and Aviation Safety'. It's published in the USA. I had a very personal experience of a certain aircraft, which is still operated by the USMC, having to be landed on a fixed throttle setting at a high power setting, because the bending of the legs of a split pin on the engine had been missed on build. PPS: I've just ordered a used copy of 'Flying Blind, Flying Safe' for only GBP6 via Amazon UK. It may be very used, being so cheap, but I'll take a chance.

Thanks for posting Jay!

Another great video, it's a very sad story, but your way of relating it to everyday life is very true. Do the best you can in everything you do. Have a great 2024.

This applies to the medical manufacturing as well.

Jay, this is a week early. Now you have to do it again and talk about replacing bolts properly in wall panels.

Thank you for _not_ providing a link to the book. The lazy ones must be rooted out, one way or another.

It’s quite alarming that I’m watching the modern version of ValueJet at my employer, a class 1 railroad. Management is on a crusade to cut costs at any expense. I hate it. I fear for my job because I do my best to follow the rules and regulations, which slows things down. But I’ve got that bit of care. If often thought to myself that I NEVER want to be even partially responsible for a train derailment or HAZMAT release. The railroads are gonna learn valuejets lesson all over again, at the same price of human lives, and it sucks that I can’t do more to prevent that.

Excellent video. Details really do matter.

Your absolutely right! It's usually the little things that get you in life! The gatorbait flight VJ is a perfect example. So is Eastern 401 where a light bulb ended up having the pilots and crew tank an L1011 into the everglades. Or recently BA building planes on minimum bid is costing not only lives, but more costs to the company and its shareholders than doing it right, like LMT -- of which Kelly Johnson is one of the folks I look at as a rolemodel. When I do project management work, it's almost always the little things that if overlooked will cost you from delivering your work on time, on plan and under budget. Great video! Happy New Year! WP

Doing more than what is required of you. Meritorious conduct for exceeding the duties of your position. I could think of a few other ways to say it but I hope I expressed your thoughts clearly. The bystander who saved the drowning person or pulled the injured man from the burning vehicle. The latter two being more extreme than just caring and doing your best. No one may see your efforts but GOD is a rewarder of a generous heart. Look at Boeing it's becoming a second rate company almost as bad as the Russians or Chinese. The Europeans have surpassed them.

"Lest we forget" Thank you, very much, marvellous as usual, plus a wee bit extra.

Well said mate, always be curious

I appreciate your attitude on this. This is something I have been trying to teach to my kids. Do whatever job that you are doing with excellence. I hope that some of that will stick when they get older.

I have to say I have become a victim of this attitude. I used to be really passionate and make sure I do the best, take the lead if I can, go above and beyond. Now I just see my profession as a way to pay the bills. It snuck up on me, and I've only been working for 12 years. Luckily I don't work in a safety-critical industry/role.

There are different company work cultures and they to play a significant role on the company's work being involved in a major accident.

We call it a "chain of consequence" you need to track down any "funnies" that occur as they are the clues "the windows " into the inner workings great video

I think having examples of failures in mind is wisdom, versus knowledge. Think “Snort” Snodgrass.

Perfection is good enough...❤

To me, the mislabeling is a big thing. As it happens, I was working on a freight dock (trucking) at the time, and properly entering hazmat shipments on bills of lading was a big, big issue, as was placarding, as was checking compatibility of various shipments in the same trailer...and that's just a truck on the highway. You don't have to know much, but you damn well ask questions if you don't know what something is.

Apollo 16 story: Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly was talking to a technician on the launch tower before the launch; the conversation came around to the complexity of the whole Saturn 5, launch tower, etc, The tech told Mattingly, "I don't know much about how this all works, but I can assure you that my piece of it will be done right. It won't fail because of me." That's the way I always worked, and felt good when my work was being checked, and found good....I hated the idea of creating a problem. I read the Valu-jet report years ago and it was all a chain of people, none of whom knew any repercussions about their work or gave a damn.

"Oh the landing gear doesn't go up? It's fine, let it fly" - An inspector

A truly tragic crash. All crashes are of course, but the poor people had time to realize what was coming. Makes me think of Alaska Airlines Flight 261. Another upsetting crash due to bad maintenance. The poor pilots fought with the out of control plane for tens of minutes trying their best to save the doomed plane. In my experience, the biggest cause of complacent employees is shitty management. Management can make or break a workforce's motivation. The guy who loaded the canisters into the box may have fought the manager 30 times before that day to use the proper container and been over-ruled and finally gave up. Who knows, but I've seen that kind of thing happen; dedicated workers broken by shitty management.

Very well said/ stated…one of the best, if not the best.

Hi AgentJayZ, I've just received my copy of 'Flying Blind, Flying Safe'. It came all the way from the Netherlands and cost a total of GBP6, including postage. It's in excellent condition.

That accident was the end of Eastern Airlines.

those are good words to live by.

Years ago , there was Quality Control employees at every end of manufacturing in every part made for aviation , especially government agencies . After they decided to close down our military in the 90's , Quality was in trouble .

But for the grace of GOD my little brother there went. He flew Valu-Jet down to West Palm Beach FL. to set up a home base. He ended up on the flight right in behind the accident aircraft.. It coulda' been his plane erroneously loaded with these Oxygen Generators. DANG!!!!

You get what you pay for. That applies with people too.

Great video - in other news Alaskan airlines will offer discounts on window seats now

You should come talk to the contract maintenance on these military airfields....the word complacency doesnt do it justice.

Jay I agree adamantly I am a shop foreman for a company that provides heavy equipment to the forest service during wildfires and one of the lessons I have learned during my 8 years doing this job is any modifications made to our machinery don't resemble in form fashion or materials the original manufacturers existing pattern they don't last an quickly become a liability and can lead to catastrophic results and because our equipment is usually within the zone of the fires reach great care is taken to never modify any stock system in a way that might interfere with normal operation this means we work together as a team to analyze all of our modifications no one person is not left out of this procedure 28:14 28:14 28:14

I agree totally. I was trying to get into the aircraft maintenance area but I was denied because I had learning disabilities not that I couldn't do the job but I couldn't give them all of the information they wanted to see coming back because of my inability to communicate. I was under the assumption that most Airline maintenance had quadruple redundancy? Is that still the case? That kind of expertise is what I was looking for!!!

I remember this story putting the new plastic covers on the old oxygen generators would make sense but they would taped, They were in the forward cargo area of the dc-9 type together with inflated tyres, very much often a chain of events causes accident

See it everywhere in the States. Terrible customer service, out of order signs, sorry for the “inconvience” because no one can spell inconvenience, no one cares, have to call corporate, corporate obviously doesn’t care, and on and on and on. It’s very sad to see.

The word you are all looking for is "Pride". Take pride in your work.

Is not knowing a good enough excuse especially when lives are lost The damaged caused when the tyres exploded could have caused the loss of flight control Thank you for another good video

Blame vs contributing factors. Blame is a tool that the mind uses to stop thinking about a painful subject. Who did the wrong thing? They get the blame. My mind is satisfied. Contributing factors include people far away in time and distance. === Also recommend Sidney Dekker as an author.

yet another reason why i've never been put in a position of any sort of responsibility.

Thanks.

You sir get a like and a comment great video❤

How about the person responsible for securing the recent 737 Max unused door panel departure from the aircraft.

You can't guess. Yes. Don't do anything unless you know first. Flying and maintaining

You never know which little detail is going to matter. Of course, then there's research: Where you also don't know what 'right' is... and then if you try to fix everything, then you just end up running out of time. So, you have to get the *right* details right, pick your battles, and let the imperfect prototype have a fair go at not failing. Safety first of course, but it's a little different when you simply can't afford to fix things because they look wrong. And this is why research is hard. I look at just making every little detail *right* to be a luxury that I can't actually afford. You fix all the little details that could lead to something dangerous happening, but if the danger is just failure, you have to let them stay bad. Because failure is going to happen no matter what, and you can't know what is going to cause it either: sometimes some detail you're stressing about just turns out not to matter at all. But it's never going to be the annoying or boring safety related thing. You have to be a bit insane about safety: by the classical sense of repeating an action, always expecting an outcome that never seems to occur. You follow the procedure, to avoid the unsafe thing that never seems to occur, because the hazard analysis identified it, and there's no excuse. But if it's just an imperfection that isn't safety related, maybe it's just that it could be a little neater, or it looks like a mess: You can't afford the time to make it pretty. Let it have a fair chance, so long as it is in a safe way. It's a very difficult job. But yeah, this is also why you should not be doing any development or conducting any research threatening anyone's life, and you should always be playing devils advocate, or maybe 'final destination what-if' to try to figure out what unsafe thing *could theoretically* happen, and then make sure it can't. It's better to just fail, and have to try again, than it is to risk harm.

I believe there is a Mayday or Air accident Investigation episode on this incident.

Obviously, whoever handled and packaged those generators are responsible.

Shake Hands with Danger!!!!!

Friend of mine was involved in the Kegworth air crash inquiry

Je pensais que vous n'avez pas publié de nouvelles vidéos

So, did the loose Alaska Airlines flight 1282 door plug make you think of this, or was that a coincidence?

1:39 Liked the video. 👍

Value Jet became Jet Blue if memory serves

If your going to do a job do it as absolutely professional as you possibly can no corner cutting to speed things up.

Hi, wondering if you have any updates on the Orenda Iroquois engine?

well at least their pilots were trained well in emergency landings..submarines use the same oxigen generator just a tick bigger those burn for an hour or longer.....oops it should be oxygen :D we had like +10 deg Celsius a day ago. now the winter is striking back with cold winds and stuff. -20 isnt that bad , around 0 is the worst.

You don't want to be that link in the chain of events that leads to a death or many deaths....totally right, undestood & human....I wonder how an engine/weapons/avionics technician of an airforce,somewhere out there in those peripheral wars is feeling when he prepares an armed jet to fly its mission maybe scoring a few deaths too...ironic?tragic?

How many hrs will that rebuild last

Boeing disliked this.

G'day Mister JZ, Yikes ! A harsh critic might opine that this one has Red Flags waving all over it. A veritable honeytrap for the careless... # 1, What sort of pilot will fly for a bunch of tight-arsed Beancounters who won't pay wages unless their under-maintained and worn-out old Kites actually lift off and fly somewhere ? Any pilot with any self-respect, and the qualifications to fly the Aeroplanes..., would never even apply for the Job - unless they have some other factor going on in their life which drives them to do stupid shit... In my humble opinion. That bit about the Emergency Landing Rate being 1,400% of the Industry's Average...; How to frame that (?), try this. It's a bigger difference than the Annual Per-Capita chance of dying by Gunfire in the USA versus here in Oz...; which is "Only" 1,300%, and 13 times is less than 14 times. The Pilots flying for them had to be aware of that trend, and yet they were still there, going along with it ; because they did not care to bother about it, or didn't bother caring about it...(?), they were Careless. And, well, in '96 I was up to my nostrils in LegalEagleBeagle &Briefcase shit, self-rep'd in a Custody/Acces thing which took me 9 years to win (!)..., so I don't recall either the Crash nor even "Value Jet" the Airline ; but, methinks that their standout "Industry Leading" Emergency Landing performance would have to have been more or less Public Knowledge..., were "Value Jet" not an almost officially acknowledged Joke, with regards to Safety & Cost-cutting and generally dodgy Bullshit - like the "Spirit Airlines" currently regularly featuring in my Newsfeed...? Am I wrong in thinking that anyone who knowingly buys a Ticket to ride with the meanest mob of Cheapskates on the Airfield, in the oldest, worst-maintained and most failure-prone Fleet in the Industry, flown by Pilots whose compromised personal circumstances compel them into not giving a Shit about anything but Logging Billable Flight Time....? A Cabin full of Carelessly trusting Passengers, Apparently, Who couldn't be bothered to check to discover if the Airline selling the Cheapest Seats in the Sky Was a safe way to go for a fly...? Relevant Segue warning... Back when I was Barnstorming with Helicopter Promotions I sold at least a thousand Joyride Tickets, and everybody who bought one ($9.50 in 1979, for a 3-minute figure-8 in an Enstrom F-28c, VH-IYR...) asked me at least a few Searching Safety-related questions about Helicopters, Enstroms, The Pilot (Captain Rosemary Arnold-Harris...), Her qualifications (First female Rotary-Wing Commercial Licence in Oz, acquired after Co-Piloting DC-3s in Indonesia, Co-Pilot on the first Civilian Turbine Helicopter to fly across North AmeriKa, Coast to Coast - back in the '60s in a Hughes 500...!). Fuel Consumption. Maintenance Costs. Stuff like that.... We had to have a conversation with each one, because I had to record their name & address to lawfully sell them a ticket (!). When selling Flight..., my experience is that the Customers are usually pretty twitchy from the "get-go", and they have to be carefully, politely and honestly convinced that the whole Show is in fact Safe... So, I can't imagine how very "switched-off" the Passengers on this Aeroplane must have been - to have wanted to pay to strap themselves into it... Every one of them, was demonstrably vastly more Careless Than all thousand of those Lollygaggers & Ice-Cream Lickers who We took for a Joyride...! Very much an "Outlier" sort of a Crash, Indeed...; Absolutely Exemplary...! Thanks for making and uploading this... I found it Fascinating...! Concluding-Segue alert... A recent upload of mine might perhaps interest you, regarding Fuel efficiency in Brushcutters ; Specifically a 50cc, 2.5 Hp 2-stroke - versus an 535 watt Electric...(?). Basically, 1 litre of mix ($2.38) per hour in the 2-stroke unit..., with a 1-litre tank, but 28.5 minutes was the average "session time" in 316 hours, over 10 years... To handle the power, and the sticks and rocks, I was using a solid Aluminium Bobbin, running 2 Strings for 4 Whips - and generally after half an hour the initial 3 pairs of Strings (1 pair installed & 2 spare pairs in my pockets, with longnosed pliers for changovers...) would have been worn out or broken off short... And I thought I was a pretty good operator, with 1,000 hours at the game, over 25 years... The new Husqvarna weighs 7.5 pounds with a 300 Watt/hr Battery, the Tanaka weighs 9.5 pounds with the Tank empty...; and the newbie cuts the same job (the lawn around my son's Workshop) in the same time, one Hour...; but the Electric Brushcutter does that Hour on half a Battery..., and up here in the Forest I'm repeatedly cutting for 1:30 if I want to go down to 1-Bar Flashing (< 10%), or 1:20 for the one Bar shining steadily (< 25%)... Normally the Batteries are Solar-charged, but a cloudy week caused me to resort to the new Westinghouse 3,000 watt Generator, with a 224cc 1-cylinder 4-stroke, OHV conventionally aspirated motor (which might maybe possibly be as much as 25% efficient at turning Petrol into Torque, perhaps {?} because a 1,400 Hp Rolls Royce Merlin is "only" 28.5% efficient ?). Surprise #1 was that it takes only 90 minutes to recharge after cutting for an hour & a half...(!) ; so with my pair of batteries I could theoretically cut back-to-back, all day...! Surprise # 2 was that the Westinghouse only burned 710 ml of Petrol (at $2.00/litre and not needing an extra 38 cents worth of 2-Stroke Oil in every Litre) to recharge the Battery after 1 & 1/2 hours of Cutting...., which is only 473 ml per hour...! I had no idea that 2-Stroke Motors were SO Very terribly inefficient....(Dum, de Dumdum, Dumb DUMB...!). I thought they were "20 or 30 % LESS efficient than 4-strokes...", As in 70 or 80% of maybe 25% giving something like 18% overall...(!). But I really had that one wrong, in fact the Two-Stroke struggles to achieve 20 or 30 % OF the Efficiency OF a 4-Stroke....! 6.8% instead of 25%, kinda thing. Dunning-Kreuger Effect, It sure got me good... Eh, What...; Olde Bean...? (!). The Petrol/Electric Conversion seems to me to be - The Alternator is probably 85%, the Battery Charger appears to be about 80%, the Batteries are said to be 92% and the Motor is rated as 92%... So, my Calculator says that 57.5552% of the Torque coming out the Westinghouse's Crankshaft is duly emerging from the Brushless Neodymium-Magnet Motor... 57.5% of 25%, maybe, so perhaps the whole Petrol/Electric setup achieves 14.388% overall..., and it's Still more than twice as Fuel-efficient as the 2-stroke unit doing the same work in the same time. I think that means the Tanaka can be deduced to be around 6.8% efficient at turning Petrol into Torque...; And 93.2% of the Motion Lotion becomes Heat, Vibration & NOISE....! There's a lot to learn, when embarking on this Electric stuff. I haven't yet ridden the electric Motorbike, I'm sneaking up on it via the Husqvarna Brushcutter, Chainsaw & Leafblower...(!). Such is life, Have a good one... Stay safe. ;-p Ciao !

The thing that made matters worse was that these were oxygen generators. How pure was the oxygen I don’t know but if relatively pure then it was a runaway fire since oxygen is an excellent oxidizer that will help the fire burn through things REAL FAST! I recently located a certified oxygen generator unit, fully certified that came out of a private jet in a parts recycling parts company. Around $5K for this unit. Brought this ValueJet issue to mind upon seeing the item for sale. Anything that has a chain of origin and traceability for aircraft will justify the cost of that useable replacement part. After seeing images of the castle nut secured with a cotter pin on the locks of the "plug" on that 737 9 Max my first thought was did someone put some cheap Chinese hardware store pin in there? Both Alaska and United have found some of these nuts loose I. Some of the aircraft they have inspected. Why would they be loose if they were properly torqued and then "sealed" with a cotter pin? Did the pin fail and drop out? Did someone fail to put a pin back in? Boeing according to the Blankoleirio Channel removed these plugs when doing final interior installation so as to make loading of the interior components easier. Now the question arises, we’re not 4 doors enough to install the interior fittings? Why did they need the additional two? Trying to save time which equals saving money? These bolts may have been properly installed at the subcontractor who built this section of the aircraft only to be messed up by Boeing technicians. Now the NTSB is looking for the proverbial needle in the haystack. They want to find the bolts to analyze if they failed, or if the cotter pins were not installed or they failed. Only time will tell but Boeings idea of making this section of the aircraft universal by making the opening in advance just in case someone wanted to order the aircraft with its maximum seating capacity which would require the installation of the extra escape exit. In concept it’s great however in practice it failed.

I highly recommend this case for study: Alaska Air Flight 261 ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Airlines_Flight_261 ). Yes, warning signs were missed.