DNA Shearing and Library Prep: The Next Frontier 

Imagine you need to sequence the genome of a malaria parasite.The genome size is 23 mb. Currently the machines for sequencing DNA cannot fragment that long length of DNA in one hit. They typically can handle up to 600 bp. Consequently, the input DNA must be fragmented into tiny pieces before sequencing.
You have three choices for fragmenting the DNA:
1) Use enzymes that recognise specific nucleotide sequences and subsequently cuts them - enzymes like restriction enzymes, transposase or nicking enzymes.
2) Use divalent metal cations like zinc or even magnesium in combination with heat, to shear the DNA.
3) Or use acoustic sound generating tools (sonication) that shatter DNA into manageable pieces at random sites.
After this process of fragmenting DNA into sequence machine manageable length or pieces, small pieces of DNA (oligonucleotides) called adapters, because they allow the DNA to bind to flow cells used for sequencing, are then ligated to the DNA. The DNA- Adapter molecules are called a DNA library.
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This video is about DNA fragmentation, library preparation, next generation sequencing, DNA library sequencing, fragment size selection, high-throughput sequencing, DNA sample preparation, NGS library construction, fragmentation methods, sequencing library preparation.