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FSK Modulation and Demodulation 

All Electronics Channel
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An explanation about FSK Modulation and Demodulation.
In this video, Gregory explains the full topology of an FSK demodulator, showing how the bitstream is recovered, how time is synchronized and frequencies offset are compensated.
FSK modulation encodes the data in shifts of frequency. In the case of binary signaling, two different frequencies are used, representing 0 and 1.
The process of demodulation is done using two NCOs - Numeric Controlled Oscillators - and average filters, actually implementing a sample-by-sample DFT in real-time.
The energies at the two different frequencies are compared to determine if the data bit is a 1 or a 0.
The continuous recovered bitstream is sampled with a NCO running at the baudrate and a Gardner Time Error Detector in conjunction with a PI controller corrects the sampling interval/point.
Frequency offset are compensated using a slow time-constant servo-loop that equalize average energy of the sampled points.
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A related video about Clock Recovery PLL:
• Clock Recovery and Syn...
Learn how a Costas Loop demodulator works for PSK modulations:
• Costas Loop Demodulator
Article about how DFT works:
gusbertianalog.com/understand...
00:18 - Introduction
03:36 - Overall demodulator topology
06:15 - Detecting energy without filter (DFT)
10:38 - Quadrature detection topology
13:24 - Time Recovery/Synchronization
16:55 - Offset compensation/Carrier Recovery
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28 мар 2022

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Комментарии : 45   
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel 2 года назад
Become a Patron to support the channel: patreon.com/allelectronics
@danielvogel7248
@danielvogel7248 13 дней назад
who's watching this genius in 2024? thanks Greg, you are the best!!
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel 7 дней назад
S2 S2
@dandreseymour3956
@dandreseymour3956 Год назад
Great video. None of the other sources I've come across talk about the timing and frequency correction loops. This was just what I needed.
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel Год назад
Thanks!
@kapilrthr34
@kapilrthr34 Год назад
Sir, you are a saviour..a big thanks from India👍👍
@jakubniemczuk
@jakubniemczuk 2 года назад
That was a pretty solid and straight forward presentation. Great work!
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel 2 года назад
Thank you!
@mikegofton1
@mikegofton1 2 года назад
Very good explanation relating mathematical models to implementation.
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel 2 года назад
Thank you! Welcome to the channel
@archerkee9761
@archerkee9761 2 года назад
This was awesome, thanks!
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel 2 года назад
Thanks Archer!
@OptiarcAD7190A
@OptiarcAD7190A 2 года назад
THE BEST YT CHANNEL TO LEARN RF!
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel 2 года назад
😵😵😵
@danielsolis5444
@danielsolis5444 2 года назад
Super great video as always, lot of learning. Just seeing this topic at school, maybe Ill try to implement it for the lab
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel 2 года назад
Nice!
@ahmedgaafar5369
@ahmedgaafar5369 Год назад
Gregory ..you are really a talented teacher...i have read a lot of books in communications and saw hundreds of videos from the Gurus ...and yet you are the best without any doubt....just a little note,,,, FSK sync can also be done by a matched filter that synchronizes with a chirp signal that preludes the message data stream ,of course the chirp must be added during the transmission....but hey this video is no different than your other excellent videos...well done...and in your words... it is really beautiful.
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel Год назад
Thank you my friend!
@MR-fs2pc
@MR-fs2pc 2 года назад
Awesome video, once again a pretty complex subject presented in a clear and engaging way. Makes me want to try and build one 😉
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel 2 года назад
Let's build!! I only need 150GB for reinstalling Vivado 🤬😠
@yakovdavidovich7943
@yakovdavidovich7943 2 года назад
@@AllElectronicsChannel It is unbelievable how big the toolchains are! I've got my DE0 Nano lying around, but I'd probably have to add another hard drive to install Quartus.
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel 2 года назад
Yep!! I Unbelievable
@MR-fs2pc
@MR-fs2pc 2 года назад
This doesn't look too demanding for a FPGA. I'm thinking about trying it with an Icestick and APIO, should save some space 😆
@availablenowonwards
@availablenowonwards 2 года назад
Excellent presentation...
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel 2 года назад
Thank you! Cheers!
@y_x2
@y_x2 Год назад
What a complicated way to decode FSK. It was invented in the 1930... when no computer existed. The analog circuit used to decode FSK is very simple!
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel Год назад
😜😜😜
@user-mu2mo7lc9c
@user-mu2mo7lc9c 9 месяцев назад
TNX
@cjlvossen
@cjlvossen Год назад
Would be nice to do a follow up on a real FPGA implemention. Great contant!
@bitsnbytes7514
@bitsnbytes7514 Год назад
Wow, that was a truly excellent presentation (love your enthusiasm !). I hadn't thought about the clipping trick (near 20:25). As I understand it, it essentially means that we only need to consider the higher order bit of each input sample, right ? (I'm thinking saturated 8-bit signed values, so either +127 or -128). Because assuming that it is the case, since quadrature demodulators essentially multiply the input signal by a couple of out-of-phase reference signals (sin & cos), maybe we can make these reference signals square as well. So we'd only need 1-bit multiplications, which is essentially what a XOR does (binary input signal XOR higher order bit of two pairs of counters running at F1 and F2, each one shifted by 90° with respect to the other). It's super late here, and I'll have to give it more thought tomorrow but... I can see a bunch of neat optimization opportunities here, both for FPGA and CPU implementations. In any case, you earned my subscribe :-)
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel Год назад
Haha thanks man! Yep, I nice trick is to use 4x oversampling.. Think of a sine/cos sampled 4 times per cycle. It will become a stream of 0 1 0 ‐1... So this simplifies the multiplications a lot, needing only a mux that switches between the signal, 0 and the signal inverted. The sin/cos relations will simplify to two streams 90deg out of phase! 1 0 -1 0 0 1 0 -1 I use this trick on a Speech Processor I designed, I have a video here on the channel, take a look 🙂
@bitsnbytes7514
@bitsnbytes7514 Год назад
@@AllElectronicsChannel 4 x oversampling because it matches the length of the quaternary vectors [ 1 0 -1 0 ] (sin) and [ 0 1 0 -1 ] (cos). That's just brilliant.
@skepticengineer6482
@skepticengineer6482 Год назад
great presentation! i wonder, is the explained method the principal of how a PLL works? or a freq discriminator?
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel Год назад
No.. I have videos about PLLs here on the channel!
@SandeepKumar-jj7zi
@SandeepKumar-jj7zi 2 года назад
Nice, So PSK too has spectral leakage like discrete FSK ?
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel 2 года назад
Yep! For commonly "bitstream" is filtered with a root raised cosine or gaussian filter to control the pulse shape/leakage
@phillipneal8194
@phillipneal8194 4 месяца назад
Wow ! I gotta think about this. I only need an fpga to make an fsk receiver !!! Even a 4fsk receiver like for WSPR ?
@omsingharjit
@omsingharjit Год назад
how led signal strength Meter works in old radios ?
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel Год назад
I don't know!
@omsingharjit
@omsingharjit Год назад
@@AllElectronicsChannel Nice
@_wave64_
@_wave64_ 2 года назад
Wow, Fourier transformation seemed like something only PhD people could understand, until this video.
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel 2 года назад
Hahahahahahaha 😎😎
@shamilniftaliyev
@shamilniftaliyev 3 дня назад
Very good content, keep it up! (but I should admit your English accent is like a torture)
@AllElectronicsChannel
@AllElectronicsChannel 3 дня назад
Hahahaha! Thanks
@jeremyclark3843
@jeremyclark3843 2 года назад
p̶r̶o̶m̶o̶s̶m̶ 🤔
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