The Corded Ware Cultural Complex was spread over a vast territory, from Tatarstan in the east, to Belgium and the Netherlands in the west, as well as from the southern regions of Finland, Sweden and Norway in the north to Switzerland and Ukraine in the south.
Its eastern version, the Fatyanovo culture, was formed thanks to the reverse movement of people to the northeast, with the invasion of the territory where hunters and fishermen of the Volosov culture already lived. It is clear that there were conflicts, and in the burials of the Moscow region, Volosovo flint arrowheads were found between the bones of the Fatyanovo soldiers. But there were also graves with skulls broken by blunt objects, possibly stone axes. The strongest archaeological ties of the Fatyanovo culture can be traced with the Middle Dnieper, which is widespread on the territory of modern Belarus and Ukraine.
For the Fatyanovo culture, burial customs were characteristic, including flat earthen graves (less often mounds), where the buried were placed, lying on their side in a bent position, with men on the right side and head in a westerly direction, and women on their left side and head in an easterly direction. The Fatyanovites also practiced the burial of animals, mainly dogs and bears. Together with the buried, they placed ceramics and other grave goods, including stone battle and work axes in men's graves.
In general, the Fatyanovites have become an important link between the West and the East, i.e. herders and the latest hunter-gatherers. They introduced animal husbandry and, possibly, slash-and-burn agriculture in the forest belt. And with the subsequent Abashev, Sintashta and Andronov cultures, the Fatyanovo culture became a key component in the development of the broader cultural landscape of Eurasia of the Bronze Age.
#history #science #genetics #archeology #Russia #Ukraine
In the new work, in addition to 28 new radiocarbon dates, genetic data were obtained from representatives of the Corded Ware and Fatyanovo cultures, as well as from hunter-gatherers, who were combined with previously published genomes.
The aim of the study was to find out whether this region was influenced by migrations that were observed in other parts of Europe during the Holocene, as well as where were the people who inhabited the northwestern part of Russia at that time and whether the populations of the Fatyanovo culture were the result of direct migration from the Eastern European steppe or the ancestors of the early European farmers participated in this process, by analogy with more Western groups of the Corded Ware culture. In addition, it was interesting whether there was a confusion between the hunters and fishers of the Volosov culture and the invading Fatyanovites, as suggested by archaeological data.
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Content:
00:00 Background and general information
09:18 Purpose of the study
10:18 Hunters and gatherers of western Russia
12:03 The source of the ancestry of the early Anatolian farmers among the Fatyanovites
15:45 Phenotypic traits
16:34 Results
Sources:
Genetic ancestry changes in Stone to Bronze Age transition in the East European plain
Lehti Saag, Sergey V. Vasilyev, Liivi Varul, Natalia V. Kosorukova, Dmitri V. Gerasimov, Svetlana V. Oshibkina, Samuel J. Griffith, Anu Solnik, Lauri Saag, Eugenia D'Atanasio, Ene Metspalu, Maere Reidla, Siiri Rootsi , Toomas Kivisild, Christiana Lyn Scheib, Kristiina Tambets, Aivar Kriiska, and Mait Metspalu doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd6535
Sources of illustrations:
indo-european.eu/maps/
commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid= (number)
G.V. Lebedinskaya - Arch. map of Russia. Yves. area, ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6644964
MTBlack - 51409434
Terker - 2912975
Museum Rotterdam - museumrotterdam.nl/collectie/item/60064, 87664876, 87664889, 87664943, 87665136
Archäoautor - 57558132
Minnekon - 90591274
Dmitry Butyvsky - 68851940, 68851939
Sholzhenitzyn - 78156240
Bjoertvedt - 43572457
Wolfgang Sauber - 41639392
EvgenyGenkin - 85755518, 3450006, 3450005
Wolfgang Sauber - 18030820
Kenneth Stamp - Martin Veen, keeper of the archeological depot of the Dutch province Noord-Holland, 37309331
Matteo De Stefano / MUSEThis file was uploaded MUSE - Science Museum of Trento in cooperation with Wikimedia Italia. - MUSE, 48441995
1 июл 2024
